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ABSTRACT Title: The defend of the picture – a comparison of recruitment advertisements from the Swedish Armed Forces / Bilden av försvaret– en jämförande studie av Försvarsmaktens rekryteringsannonser Number of pages: 35 Author: Greta Simonsson Tutor: Mats Lind Course: Media and Communication Studies C Period: Autumn Semester 2007 University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University Aim: Do the messages in the recruitment advertisements from the Swedish Armed Forces differ between such advertisements produced in the “defense against invasion” era and those produced in the present, more internationally oriented era, when analyzed using semiotics? And, how are these advertisements understood by their receivers? Material and method: Interviews, a focus group and semiotic analysis. Main results: The messages in the recruitment advertisements have changed. In line with the changed focus of the Swedish Armed Forces to more international cooperation and missions, the present day advertisements do indeed have a more international and aggressive focus. Keywords: Swedish Armed Forces, information, recruitment, advertisements, semeiotics.

The ability of organizations to learn---the process by which individuals learn from direct experience and translate that learning into organizational doctrine and memory---largely determines the course and outcomes of organizational policymaking. A set of hypotheses derived from research in political psychology, learning studies, and organization theory are employed to assess the ability of one international organization, the United Nations, to learn from its history of peacekeeping operations, as manifested in the thinking and behaviour of five Secretaries-General. A conceptual model linking processes of organizational learning, individual personality characteristics, and the nature of the international system is developed and operationalized. On the basis of earlier research on learning in international relations, personality, and organizational change, this study illustrates how organizational learning takes place, what factors are necessary for it to occur, and under what conditions it is translated into policy change. This thesis contributes to the literature, by applying research in these distinct fields to international organization, by testing organizational theories of learning in a detailed case study of the Secretaries-General and the evolution of U.N. peacekeeping, and by providing new insights into the nature of international organizational learning and policy change.

<p>The paper focuses specifically on the South African Military Aerospace Industry as most of the weapons procured under the arms deal were military aircraft. Taking into account the numerous social needs of South Africa, the purpose of this paper is to inter alia try to establish the rationale behind the South African government's decision to to purchase an array of military weapons from foreign suppliers at an initial cost of almost thirty billion rand. In order to gain a better undrstanding of the topic, the author gives a brief overview and history of the South African Aerospace industry.Furthermore, an examination of the politics of the transition from apartheid to democracy and how this affected the aeropace industry is given.</p>

The African National Congress (ANC) is engaged in an armed conflict with the South African Government for control of South Africa. ANC combatants are being prosecuted under South African criminal law as rebels, a process which undermines the normative value of the criminal law because it is in conflict with popular support for the ANC. International law provides a humanitarian alternative to the criminal law. This study investigates the international legal protections available to combatants in the conflict. Lawful combatant status and prisoner of war status would only be available if the South African armed conflict was classified as international. It has been argued that the international status of the ANC, derived from the denial of self-determination to the South African people, internationalises its war against the South African Government. Attempts have been made to enforce this concept. Article 1(4) of Geneva Protocol 1 classifies armed conflicts involving a movement representing a people with a right of se If-determination against a .. racist re,gime" as international. But South Africa did not accede to Protocol 1 and the argument that it is custom fails because of insufficient international support. Nevertheless, the developing situation justifies an examination of the personal conditions required to gain protectedstatus. The conditions in Article 4 of Geneva Convention 3 (1949) are onerous, making it impracticable in South Africa. Protocol l's updated conditions are more suited to the armed conflict. The Conventions and Protocol 1 also make available procedural and substantive protections to combatants and deal with special issues particular to South Africa. The South African armed conflict can alternatively be classified as non-international. Common Article 3 of the 1949 Conventions applies because South Africa is party to them. Geneva Protocol 2 is not .applicable because South Africa is not a party to it. Unfortunately, Article 3 only applies general humanitarian principles and not protected status. To conclude, because of the inadequate means for enforcing the classification of the South African armed conflict as international and the inadequacy of the protections available under the law of non-international armed conflict, it is urged that the Government confer ex-gratia. lawful status on ANC combatants. / Thesis(LL.M.)- University of Natal, Durban, 1988.

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka varför kvinnor som gått militär grundutbildning väljer att vidareutbilda sig till specialistofficerare. Respondenterna utgjorde fem kvinnliga specialistofficerare i åldrarna 22 till 34. Tre av dem hade gjort allmän värnplikt och två av dem hade gått grundläggande militär utbildning (GMU). Av demografiska skäl genomförde jag telefonintervjuer med respondenterna. Jag följde principerna för induktiv tematisk analys när jag analyserade intervjuerna. Analysen visade att kamratskapen och möjligheten att utmana och utveckla sig själv samt typen av arbetsuppgifter och möjligheten att använda utbildningen både i det militära och i det civila var motiv för vidareutbildning. / The aim of this study was to investigate why women who have basic military training choose to continue their education in the Armed Forces. The participants represented five female officers aged 22 to 34. For demographic reasons I conducted telephone interviews with the participants. I followed the principles of inductive thematic analysis when I analyzed the interviews. The analysis showed that the comradeship, the opportunity for personal development, the type of tasks and the ability to use the military training not only in the Armed Forces but also in the civilian life were motives forbecoming an officer.

Delaktighet är grundläggande för främjandet av folkhälsa. Inom arbetslivet kan delaktighet främjas genom ledarskap, till exempel använder Försvarsmakten utvecklande ledarskap för att främja hälsa genom chefer. Arnsteins delaktighetsstege visar på nivåer av delaktighet i ett hierarkiskt system och kan användas för att mäta delaktighet. Attityder kan påverka hur människor handlar och kan påverkas av mängden krav och resurser inom arbetslivet. Syftet med studien är att undersöka attityder till delaktighet inom det egna ledarskapet, i vilken grad det finns förutsättningar att bedriva ett ledarskap som främjar delaktighet samt om det finns ett samband däremellan, hos chefer med personalansvar i en militär organisation. Enkäten har skickats ut till samtliga 135 chefer med personalansvar på ett regemente i Sverige. Enkäten innehåller egenkonstruerade påståenden om attityder till delaktighet i det egna ledarskapet samt grad av förutsättningar för att bedriva ett ledarskap som främjar delaktighet. 65 procent (n=88) av de tillfrågade har besvarat enkäten. Resultatet visar på en positiv attityd till delaktighet i det egna ledarskapet samt goda förutsättningar för att bedriva ett ledarskap som främjar delaktighet. Däremot påpekas tidsbrist. Inga signifikanta samband kan påvisas. Resultatet i denna studie kan användas för att förbättra förutsättningarna för och utveckla arbetet med att främja delaktighet inom Försvarsmakten. / Participation is a basic component for ensuring public health. It is common for participation to be promoted in the workplace via leadership. For example, within the Swedish armed forces transformational leadership is used to promote healthier workplaces. Our attitudes can affect the way we chose to act and can be affected by the demands and resources found in our working environments. Arnstein’s latter of participation determine three levels of participation that can occur within a hierarchical system and can be used to measure participation. The purpose of this paper is to narrate for attitudes towards participation within the leadership among the heads of personnel at a garrison in Sweden, their possibilities to conduct a leadership which promote participation and if these two factors correlate. For this survey, self-composed claims about attitudes towards participation within leadership and degree of possibilities to conduct a leadership that promotes participation is used. The survey was sent to 135 chiefs responsible for personnel at a Swedish garrison and 65 percent (n=88) responded. The results indicate that chiefs have a positive attitude towards participation in leadership and that they have high degree of possibilities to conduct this kind of leadership. The results also indicate a lack of time to promote participation. However, the results did not indicate a significant correlation between attitudes and degree of possibilities. The results discussed in this paper can be used to improve and develop the possibilities to promote participation within the Swedish armed forces.