xii, 185 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / This dissertation examines the intersection between aesthetics and politics in the French Caribbean novel. The major argument of this work is that French Caribbean novels pursue a political agenda. I contend that in this literature, unlike in that of any other part of the contemporary world, theoretical considerations take precedence over aesthetic concerns in writers' works. I call this an "aesthetics of rupture." Considering works by authors such as Aimé Césaire, Léon-Gontran Damas, Maryse Condé, Edouard Glissant, Patrick Chamoiseau, Daniel Maximin and Gisèle Pineau, I argue that only by looking beyond aesthetic innovations in these authors' texts, can we fully ascertain the significance of this politically committed literature. The first chapter discusses the relevance of the theoretical approach and the contribution this work brings to the field. The second chapter examines how West Indian writers use theoretical approaches to regain control over the metadiscourses applied to their works. The third chapter looks at Caribbean aesthetics as the product of writers' collective effort and of the dialogic nature of their texts. The fourth chapter analyses the question of the hero in the Caribbean novel and the fifth chapter discusses the crossing of politics and ethics in Caribbean writing. The last chapter addresses the post-Césaire era and the future of literary production in the French Caribbean. I contend that, preoccupied about the power of their writing to effect any real world change, Caribbean writers seem haunted by Fanon's call to engage in political action. The issue of ethics thus arises as a result of a dilemma born from the conflict between the subject's political agenda and his/her human values. The ethical question in this literature concerns the crossing of an ethical subjectivity with a political agenda. The first response to this quandary is a redefinition of the notion of the hero that departs from Western "vertical" heroism and promotes a "horizontal" heroism. In addition, through their novels, Caribbean writers distance themselves from a universal humanism to advocate for an "ethics of action" which locates its legitimacy in the urgency of political agency for their people. / Committee in charge: Karen McPherson, Chairperson, Romance Languages; Massimo Lollini, Member, Romance Languages; Andre Djiffack, Member, Romance Languages; Steven Shankman, Outside Member, English

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<p> This qualitative research study addresses the gap in literature about the lived experience of counselors working with English-speaking immigrant parents who use physical discipline with their children. A phenomenological design was used to guide this project as a way of capturing the unique meanings of each participant. Relational cultural theory was the framework utilized to present explanations of counselors&rsquo; work with the clients/parents they serve. The researcher interviewed 10 social workers: five were licensed master social workers and the other, licensed clinical social workers who volunteered for the study. The interviews were individually conducted and audio-recorded. Four semi-structured interview questions guided the interview. Each interview was transcribed verbatim, read multiple times, and coded and analyzed by using the computer software, MAXQDA. The three themes emerged from the data analysis were: (a) Counselors&rsquo; Knowledge of Physical Discipline; (b) Counselors&rsquo; Perspectives of Physical Discipline; and (c) Counselors&rsquo; Use of Self. The identified themes were supported by selections of the participants&rsquo; responses. The findings of this study reveal the need for counselors&rsquo; initial and ongoing education and trainings in cultural sensitivity and cultural competence to better serve English-speaking Caribbean immigrant parents who use physical discipline with their children. This study&rsquo;s results were compared and contrasted to existing literature on counselors&rsquo; work and on physical discipline. Implications, limitations, and future recommendations were also discussed.</p>

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The proximity of the speciose South American continent to Trinidad and Tobago ensures that these islands have a rich and dynamic fauna. According to the equilibrium theory of island biogeography (MacArthur & Wilson 1967), these islands should be subjected to frequent immigrations from the nearby continent, and these additions will, in response, fuel local extinctions to maintain a balance of species richness. The aquatic habitat is further impacted by man's activities, (Government of Trinidad and Tobago 1962; Government of Trinidad and Tobago 1976b) which have the potential to amplify the natural rates of immigration and extinction. Despite the possible consequences, the effects of this disturbance on the fish fauna have not been studied. A survey of the islands' freshwater fishes was therefore carried out to investigate the natural spatial and temporal dynamics of local fish communities, and the effects of anthropogenic perturbations, on these. These baseline data can be used as a benchmark to address some of the problems that are threatening the fish diversity of Trinidad and Tobago. The fish fauna of Trinidad and Tobago is diverse. Total species richness was estimated at between 37 and 40. Four zoogeographic zones were recognised. A zone of Antillean fishes included Tobago and the north coast of Trinidad. A zone of recent colonising South American fauna existed along the south coast of Trinidad. The rest of Trinidad contained a relict South American fauna dating back to the time when Trinidad was still part of the mainland. Included here was a centrally located zone of unstable fauna at risk of local extinction. The fish fauna was temporally dynamic due to frequent colonisation and extinction events. Examination of the historic record showed that observed species richness varied from 38 to 43 between the mid 1950s and the present. During this time there were 15 introductions and 12 local extinctions. A conservative estimate was that a new species was recorded for Trinidad almost every three years. The geographic distribution of species also showed temporal changes which indicated a natural tendency of the fauna to vary over time. Human interference, particularly the introduction of exotic fish species and long-term habitat alteration, has affected species diversity. Forty seven percent of the new introductions and 43% of the extinctions were human-introduced exotics. About four fifths of sites in Trinidad, and almost one fifth of the sites in Tobago, were either perturbed or polluted. Polluted rivers coincided with areas of high urbanisation and industrial development in the west and southwest of Trinidad. Several effects of human interference on the fauna were recorded. Almost 8% of the sites examined contained one of the three exotic species still extant on the island. At each of these sites, the exotic species accounted for between 1.3% and 80.4%, by number, of the fish caught. Some of the effects of habitat disturbance on individual sites were increased frequency of diseases, extirpation of species, changes in species richness and other diversity measures, and the eventual regression of the fish community to opportunistic species (r-strategists). The potential of two fishes, Poecilia reticulata and Astyanax bimaculatus, as indicator species was examined. Astyanax showed better potential as an indicator of habitat quality as it was not found in depauperate communities, typical of severely disturbed habitats, and its proportional abundance and biomass were negatively affected by pollution. Poecilia populations, on the other hand, were found to be insensitive to habitat quality when the above-mentioned criteria were used. They did, however, have a high frequency of diseased individuals at polluted sites. One of the aims of conservation is to protect that portion of biodiversity most at risk of extinction, the rare species (Rabinowitz 1986). Over 70% of freshwater fish species found in Trinidad and Tobago were classified as rare in these islands. This fact, in addition to the loss of diversity recorded for some sites indicates that the implementation of a management strategy for the conservation of the freshwater fish fauna of Trinidad and Tobago is imperative. The management strategy should focus on the amelioration and protection of aquatic habitats since at least 80% of the rare species had either a restricted geographic distribution or narrow habitat specificity. Additionally, protection from overexploitation should be offered to commercially important species with only small populations. Finally, a minimum sample size of 35 sites, spread over different zoogeographic areas, is recommended for estimating species richness for monitoring, an intrinsic part of any management strategy.

<p> Esta tesis doctoral gira en torno a las medidas disciplinarias que se establecieron antes, durante y despu&eacute;s del embate de la epidemia de c&oacute;lera en la ciudad amurallada de San Juan, Puerto Rico, entre los a&ntilde;os 1854 y 1856, con miras a resaltar las nociones del poder, biopol&iacute;tica, sanidad, higiene, marginaci&oacute;n y desarrollo urbano. El an&aacute;lisis exhaustivo de las Actas del Cabildo de la ciudad de San Juan fue fundamental para determinar cu&aacute;n preparadas estaban las autoridades civiles, militares y sanitarias durante el periodo de estudio. A trav&eacute;s de su revisi&oacute;n, se observa c&oacute;mo los cabilderos, atend&iacute;an el problema de la presencia de los boh&iacute;os en la Capital, considerados como focos de contagio y propagaci&oacute;n de enfermedades. Desde antes que llegara la epidemia de c&oacute;lera a San Juan, las autoridades buscaban la manera de eliminar los boh&iacute;os existentes dentro de la ciudad amurallada. El uso de una biopol&iacute;tica por las autoridades, enti&eacute;ndase como &ldquo;la pol&iacute;tica de la salud del pueblo&rdquo;, justificaron y se&ntilde;alaron que estas viviendas representaban ser un peligro para la poblaci&oacute;n sanjuanera. Algunos historiadores afirman que fallecieron aproximadamente 500 personas de diferentes &ldquo;castas&rdquo; en la ciudad de San Juan por el c&oacute;lera. Seg&uacute;n los datos obtenidos del Libro de Defunciones de la Catedral de San Juan los resultados son distintos. Toda persona fallecida por la epidemia de c&oacute;lera fue enterrada en fosas comunes llamadas cementerios colerientos. La hip&oacute;tesis planteada durante esta investigaci&oacute;n establece que la epidemia de c&oacute;lera fue el agente catal&iacute;tico para crear p&aacute;nico en la ciudad de San Juan y as&iacute; ejercer la presi&oacute;n necesaria para eliminar los boh&iacute;os y a los habitantes considerados como focos de enfermedades contagiosas.</p>

This study focuses on Paquito D'Rivera's use of musical idioms that originate from Caribbean and African sources. More specifically the compositions discussed in this study are Aires Tropicales for Woodwind Quintet, Wapango for Woodwind Quintet, Danzon for Piano Trio, and Preludio y Merengue for Piano Trio.Included is a brief biography that provides insight into Paquito D'Rivera's early development and musical accomplishments. In order to provide a musical context to better illustrate the origins of some of the influences found in D'Rivera's compositions, a brief history and description of various forms of popular music from the Caribbean are included. Finally, an analysis of the works are integrated with quotes from the transcription of my interview with the composer.

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