Le sujet de cette thèse est d’aborder le fonctionnement économique des premières sociétés agro-pastorales dans les domaines insulaires de la façade Manche/Atlantique de la France, de la fin du Mésolithique au début de l’âge du Bronze. Les ressources des îles, à la fois limitées (surface exploitable réduite, gestion cynégétique complexe) et diversifiées (ressources terrestres et maritimes) ont-elles entraîné une adaptation des modes de vie ? Les populations ont-elles subi leur environnement ou ont-elles dépassé les contraintes grâce à un dynamisme de contacts et d’échanges ? Ces questionnements sont abordés par le biais des informations fournies par l'industrie lithique de plusieurs sites insulaires, dont les modalités d'approvisionnements en matières premières et les caractéristiques sont systématiquement comparées aux données disponibles sur les proches sites continentaux. Cette approche permet de cerner l'existence ou l'absence de particularismes insulaires, puis de mesurer le degré d'insertion des populations îliennes au sein des réseaux d'échanges à plus ou moins longue distance de matières premières. La présence de matières premières exogènes (telles que le silex du Cinglais ou encore le silex du Turonien supérieur de la région du Grand-Pressigny) sur certaines îles révèle l'existence de contacts entre communautés continentales et insulaires, ces dernières apparaissant comme ouvertes aux influx extérieurs. L'ensemble de ces informations sont remises en perspective grâce aux données fournies par d'autres productions matérielles (le mobilier céramique notamment). Il est alors possible de percevoir les interactions qui se sont maintenues du Néolithique au début de l’âge du Bronze entre les habitants de la côte et les îliens, et de mettre en valeur des disparités entre les îles. / The subject of this thesis is to address the economic operation of the first agro-pastoral societies on the islands from the Channel / Atlantic coasts of France, from the late Mesolithic to the early Bronze Age. The resources of these islands, both limited (exploitable surface reduced, complex hunting gestion) and various (terrestrial and marine resources), have they resulted in an adaptation of lifestyles? Populations have they suffered their environment or have they exceeded the constraints through a dynamic of contacts and exchanges ? These questions are addressed through the information provided by the lithic industry of several island sites. The terms of supply of raw materials and characteristics of lithic industry are systematically compared with available data on nearby continental sites. The presence of exogenous materials (such as flint of "Cinglais" or the Turonian flint of the Greater Pressigny) on some islands reveals the existence of contacts between mainland and island communities, the latters appearing as open to impulses outside. This approach identifies the existence or absence of insular peculiarities, then measure the degree of integration of islands populations within trade networks of long distance raw materials. All these information are put into perspective with data provided by others materials (including ceramic artefacts). Then, it is possible to perceive the interactions that are held from the Neolithic to the beginning of the Bronze Age between the inhabitants of the coast and the islanders, and also highlight disparities between islands.

Melting and melt segregation are key processes in the geochemical evolution of the Earth. However, mechanism and time scale of melt transport from the source to the surface are still not well understood and are dependent on the grain-scale distribution of melt. A related question is the retention of melt in partially molten regions of the Earths upper mantle. Seismic observations from mid-ocean ridges (MOR) and subduction zones are interpreted to show in-situ melt contents up to 3%, while geochemical observations from MOR basalts are inferred to indicate very efficient extraction of melt (porosities of order 0.1%). Earlier theoretical models of the melt distribution were based on the balance of surface tension between melt and uniform crystalline grains, predicting a simple net- work of melt along three-grain edges. Analyses of experimentally produced samples of olivine and basaltic melt show that the melt geometry is much more complex, and includes wetted two-grain boundaries. I reconstructed the melt geometry of two experimentally produced samples by serial sectioning and 3-D rendering of the pore geometry which demonstrates for the first time that melt exists in thin layers on two-grain boundaries. This confirms the inferences from previous 2-D observations and has significant implications for physical properties of partially molten regions, for example seismic velocities and attenuation. The wetted two-grain boundaries are inferred to be a consequence of continuous grain growth. Due to the complexity of the 3-D melt geometry the perme- ability of partially molten rocks can not be predicted from simple models. I therefore investigated the permeability as a function of porosity for both synthetic and ex- perimentally determined pore geometries using a lattice-Boltzmann method. The calculated permeability is not a simple function of porosity, but increases rapidly at a critical fraction of wetted two-grain boundaries. In order to extrapolate the experimentally based findings to grain sizes expected in natural rocks I examined the geometry of secondary phases inferred to represent relict melt in mantle peridotites from the Krivaja massif in Bosnia. These findings corroborate the experimental observations of wetted two-grain boundaries.

Выполнен анализ традиционных и современных технологий для строительства гражданских зданий в республике Замбия. На примере строительного комплекса г. Китве представлены результаты исследования технологий строительства монолитного гражданского здания. / The analysis of traditional and modern technologies for the construction of civil buildings in the Republic of Zambia is carried out. On the example of the Kitve construction complex, the results of a study of technologies for the construction of a monolithic civil building are presented.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-08T12:54:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Natália Menezes Silva - 2016.pdf: 5000977 bytes, checksum: e00d87ceb9bd95951496870e4475fc1b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-08T12:56:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Natália Menezes Silva - 2016.pdf: 5000977 bytes, checksum: e00d87ceb9bd95951496870e4475fc1b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-08T12:56:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Natália Menezes Silva - 2016.pdf: 5000977 bytes, checksum: e00d87ceb9bd95951496870e4475fc1b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-02 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The pulp processing is a possibility for use of fruits by traditional people like the quilombolas, inserted in a context in which native fruits are little consumed. Therefore, the hygienic and sanitary quality is essential in the production of safe food. This study aimed to evaluate the processing and hygienic and sanitary conditions of fruits and fruit pulps in quilombola community. The survey was conducted in the Community of the Remnant of Quilombo do Pombal, Goiás, Brazil. To evaluate the physical and functional conditions was applied a checklist before and after the implementation of structural adjustments, training and implementation of the Manual of Good Practices and Standard Operating Procedures. Data were categorized according to the percentage of adequacy. Microbiological analyzes of 32 samples were taken including, fruits of Cerrado found in the community and fruits and their pulps in different steps of the flowchart production. The hazards and critical control points were listed in the production flow chart. The physical and functional diagnostic performed indicated average compliance of blocks of 30.18%, being classified in Group 3, unsatisfactory. After interventions, there was 62.13% of compliance, with classification in Group 2, regular (p <0.05). The intervention effect was significant (p <0.05) for five of the seven blocks evaluated. Microbiological analysis indicated that all the native fruits collected are in accordance with the recommendations of the current health legislation. Fruits and pulps included into processing flowchart presented in accordance with sanitary standards for fecal coliform count and detection of Salmonella spp, however, the mold count and yeast in eight pulps analyzed indicated that five of them had counts above the established by legislation. The results suggest fruit contamination since the harvest and multiplication of such micro-organisms in the remaining stages. The washing and filling steps were able to reduce the load of molds and yeasts. It is understood that the physical and functional adaptations implemented were important to increase the percentage of adequacy of the items, however, the persistence of shortcomings in the work process may compromise the quality of the final product, stressing the need for compliance with good practices. / O processamento de polpas constitui uma possibilidade para utilização de frutos por povos tradicionais como os quilombolas, inseridos em um contexto no qual frutos nativos são pouco consumidos. Para tanto, a qualidade higienicossanitária é fundamental na produção de um alimento seguro. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o processamento e as condições higienicossanitárias de frutos e polpas de frutas em comunidade quilombola. A pesquisa foi realizada na Comunidade dos Remanescentes do Quilombo do Pombal, Goiás, Brasil. Para avaliação das condições físico-funcionais foi aplicada lista de verificação antes e após a realização de adequações estruturais, capacitações e implementação do Manual de Boas Práticas e Procedimentos Operacionais Padronizados. Os dados foram categorizados de acordo com o percentual de adequação. Foram realizadas análises microbiológicas de 32 amostras incluindo, frutos do Cerrado encontrados na comunidade e frutos e suas polpas em diferentes etapas do fluxograma. Foram elencados os perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle no fluxograma de produção. O diagnóstico físico-funcional realizado indicou média de conformidade dos blocos de 30,18%, sendo classificado no Grupo 3, insatisfatório. Após intervenções, verificou-se 62,13% de conformidade, com classificação no Grupo 2, regular (p<0.05). O efeito da intervenção foi significativo (p<0,05) para cincos dos sete blocos avaliados. A análise microbiológica indicou que todos os frutos nativos coletados estão em conformidade com as recomendações da legislação sanitária vigente. Os frutos e polpas inseridos no fluxograma de processamento apresentaram-se de acordo aos padrões sanitários para contagem de coliformes termotolerantes e pesquisa de Salmonella spp, porém, a contagem de bolores e leveduras em oito polpas analisadas, indicou que cinco apresentaram contagem acima do estabelecido pela legislação. Os resultados sugerem contaminação do fruto já na colheita e a multiplicação destes micro-organismos nas demais etapas, sendo que as etapas de lavagem e envase foram capazes de reduzir a carga de bolores e leveduras. Entende-se que as adequações físico-funcionais implementadas foram importantes para o aumento do percentual de adequação dos itens, contudo, a persistência de falhas no processo de trabalho pode comprometer a qualidade do produto final, ressaltando a necessidade de adequação às boas práticas.

Les " cultures à céramique modelée peinte " se sont développées dans la seconde moitié du IIe millénaire av. J.-C. (âge du Fer ancien) sur un vaste territoire couvrant les actuelles républiques d'Ouzbékistan, du Turkménistan, du Tadjikistan, du Kirghizstan, ainsi que le nord de l'Afghanistan et le nord-est de l'Iran. Connues depuis presque un siècle, grâce aux nombreuses recherches menées par les archéologues soviétiques, l'apparition de ces cultures est considérée comme une " régression " matérielle, culturelle et socio-économique qui contribuerait à la disparition de la brillante civilisation de la fin de l'âge du Bronze. Mais si leurs productions matérielles ont été bien étudiées, leur structuration et leur place au sein de la protohistoire centrasiatique n'étaient connues que superficiellement, et notre étude vise donc à renouveler la perception que nous en avons. Grâce à l'analyse d'un abondant complexe céramique inédit issu de fouilles françaises et italiennes récentes (Koktepe, Dzharkutan, Dzham-53 en Ouzbékistan ; Ulug-depe au Turkménistan) et soviétiques plus anciennes et grâce aussi à un nouvel examen de l'ensemble des données publiées ou inédites disponibles, nous avons pu affiner et caractériser la production matérielle de ces cultures et en déterminer la base socio-économique, proposant ainsi de nouvelles définitions de leurs faciès culturels. Nous discutons également les modalités et les circonstances de la transition de l'âge du Bronze final à l'âge du Fer ancien, puis celles du passage vers l'âge du Fer moyen-récent, tout en les replaçant dans un contexte chronologique et géographique large, dans une optique méthodologique et thématique qui s'inscrit pleinement dans les perspectives de recherche qui prévalent actuellement en Asie centrale et au Proche-Orient.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

La Corse est la plus septentrionale des grandes îles de Méditerranée Occidentale, elle est la plus petite (3680 km2) et la moins peuplée.(330 000 habitants). Plus proche des côtes italiennes, elle fait néanmoins partie intégrante de la France où une forte diaspora est installée et génère des échanges serrés. Depuis l’Antiquité, la Corse a toujours eu des relations commerciales avec le continent, d’abord avec la péninsule italienne puis, depuis l’annexion de 1768, avec la France continentale. Deux révolutions technologiques favorisèrent un fort accroissement des échanges : l’arrivée des navires à vapeur en 1830 et celle de l’avion au vingtième siècle. Les évolutions se poursuivent toujours pour réduire la durée des vols et des traversées et augmenter la capacité de transport. La Collectivité Territoriale de Corse a la maîtrise des transports et conclut des délégations de service public avec les compagnies maritimes et aériennes ; tandis que l’État s’est retiré, l’Union Européenne intervient davantage pour imposer la libre concurrence. Les infrastructures ont dû s’adapter à l’évolution des flottes mais elles sont toujours déterminées par le relief cloisonné de l’île qui a l’originalité de disposer de sept ports et quatre aéroports afin de mieux desservir les territoires. Le trafic des marchandises est modeste et déséquilibré, les entrées étant très supérieures aux sorties ; celui des passagers a été décuplé en soixante ans, sa répartition est très inégale dans l’année et entre les ports et aéroports. ; la part de l’avion se rapproche de celle du bateau. Les touristes sont majoritaires chez les passagers mais sont beaucoup moins nombreux que ceux des îles concurrentes. Les tarifs ont été nettement réduits pour les résidents mais restent élevés pour les autres usagers, ce problème devra être résolu pour améliorer la continuité territoriale. / Corsica is the northernmost of the big western Mediterranean islands, as well as the smallest (3680 km2) and the less populated (330 000 inhabitants). Even if Corsica is nearer from Italian coasts than French ones, it takes part fully of French mainland where a significant diaspora lives and creates tight trades.Since Antiquity, Corsica had business relations with the mainland. It started with Italian peninsula, and went on with mainland France after its annexation in 1768.Two main technological revolutions promoted a huge increase in the trade relations: the emergence of steamboats in 1830 followed by the plane in the 20th century.Technological improvements are still continuing to reduce time of flights and sea crossings, increasing thus transport capacity.Territorial collectivity of Corsica is in charge of transports and delegates public services to the airlines and shipping companies. While French state progressively withdraws, European Union is more and more involved to impose free market.Even if infrastructures evolved with the fleet changings, they are still determined by the compartmentalized relief of the island which led to the construction of seven ports and four airports in order to serve better the different territories.Goods’ traffic is of modest size and unbalanced (entries rather higher than exits), whereas passengers’ one has increased tenfold in sixty years. For this last one, an inequality of distribution along the year is observed (seasonal variations), as well as between ports and airports. Progressively the plane’s part gets closer to the boat’s one. Passengers are mainly tourists that remain less numerous than those of the competing islands.Fares have been reduced significantly for Corsican residents, but still remain high for the other passengers. This problem will have to be solved to improve territorial continuity.

Les XVII et XVIIIe siècle furent marqués par l'apogée des premiers empires coloniaux européens en Amérique du nord. Cette course aux colonies culmina avec la Guerre de sept ans (1756-1763) et la guerre d'Indépendance américaine (1775-1783). Cette époque fut également celle de la redécouverte des sources antiques, mythologiques ou historiques, qui inspirèrent nombre d'auteurs modernes dans leur compréhension du phénomène colonial.Ce travail s'attachera à comprendre la manière dont fut perçue la colonisation grecque dans le courant des Temps modernes, et comment les auteurs français, britanniques, néerlandais ou américains établirent des parallèles entre la colonisation de leur temps et les colonies des anciens Grecs. On s'intéressera à cet égard aux sensibilités politiques ou culturelles des divers auteurs, qui influèrent sur leurs façons de percevoir le colonialisme, que ce soit pour le soutenir ou le combattre. / During the XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries were the first european colonal empires at their highest points. The colonial race ended with the French and Indian war and the American Independence war. That period saw the rediscovery of ancient mythologic or historic sources, that helped many writers to understand the colonial evolution.The purpose of this thesis will be to understand how ancient Greek colonization was percieved during Modern Times and how authors compared the ancient colonies to current situations in North America. / Doctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

21世紀以來，中國出現了大量的公路電影，尤其在2010年以後，公路電影不僅收穫了卓越的票房成績，也受到了廣泛的關注。中國公路電影在發展的過程當中，逐漸從對西方公路類型的挪用轉向了建立出屬於中國公路電影獨特的本土特徵，在電影的敘事、意象、人物設置、配樂等方面都表現出了其特別之處。中國的公路電影聚焦社會現實，反映了在中國社會轉型這個特殊時期的社會現實，暴露中國社會的種種現代性問題。本研究將選取《落葉歸根》、《心花路放》、《後會無期》這三個電影文本，使用類型批評、文本分析、符號研究的研究方法，探究在中國的現代化建設和社會轉型當中究竟失落了什麼。 / This study will select Breakup Buddies, The Continent and Getting Home as case studies, and use the genre criticism, textual analysis, semiotic analysis, to explore what has been lost in the social transformation of China's modernization construction. Since the 21st century, especially during the period after 2010, there have been a lot of road movies in China's film industry. Road movie have not only hit remarkable outcome at the box office, but also has received the general attention. During the development of China's road movies, the style gradually changed from duplicating western road movies to establishing distinctive and native characteristics, which reflect on the unique narratives, images, characterization and soundtrack in those movies. China's road movies focus on the society and reflect reality during the special period of social transformation in China, which also expose problems of modernity of Chinese society.

This thesis concerns the issues of leadership in the African context, but it derives its emphasis from the stories in Daniel 1–6 in the Old Testament, in order to comment on leadership styles, competencies, skills and the state of leadership in Africa. It is a reading from a specific context, that of someone living in present times in the Republic of Chad. The research focused mainly on the following issues: What can we learn from the stories concerning leadership in Daniel 1–6? Who are the leaders in these chapters? What is the quality of their leadership? In trying to answer these questions, the researcher had to consider the following: How was the book read and interpreted in the past? How is it currently interpreted? Looking at past research, the focus fell on: (1) the pre-critical period, (2) the historical-critical period, and (3) the period in which modern literary studies abound. Following the research history a personal reading and interpretation of the stories in Daniel 1–6 are presented. A narrative analysis is carried out and the plots of the different stories are analysed according to the quinary scheme (the initial situation, the complication, transforming action, the denouement and the final situation). The focus falls on the narrator’s presentation of the main characters and what readers can learn from these stories about leadership. Although there is attention to how scholars in the past and present have interpreted the Book of Daniel, the researcher tries to present a new interpretation by carrying out a contextual reading focusing on leadership. This aspect did not receive much attention in previous research. What is gained by this reading is then applied to the situation in the modern Republic of Chad. First, there is a detailed study of current writing by scholars as well as what they are saying about leadership. Following this, the African and Chadian contexts are considered. The final chapter synthesises all the issues that have been discussed. / Old Testament & Ancient Near Eastern Studies / D.Th. (Old Testament)