Th.--Électronique--Toulouse--I.N.P., 1978. N°: 36.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-06-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:18:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 borges_als_me_sjc.pdf: 930416 bytes, checksum: 633f72e6bd06c491501fafc4e1e20ee9 (MD5) / O objetivo do presente estudo foi desenvolver um aparelho intra-oral (ParalAB) e verificar sua efetividade como um método de transferência de planos de guia, comparando-o com o delineador de bancada. Foram empregados trinta modelos de gesso, divididos em dois grupos (n=15): no grupo 1 foram preparados planos de guia com delineador de bancada e no grupo 2, com o aparelho intra-oral. Em cada modelo, confeccionou-se planos de guia na face distal dos dentes 13 e 23 e nas faces proximais do dente 17. Cada superfície preparada (A, B, C e D) formou um ângulo em relação ao plano oclusal (a, b, d, q) que foram medidos com uma máquina de medidas de coordenadas tridimensionais. Os valores médios obtidos para o grupo 1 foram a= 91,19 ± 0,48o, b= 90,47 ± 0,66o, d= 90,21 ± 0,76o e q= 90,50 ± 0,73o e para o grupo 2, a= 92,18 ± 0,87o, b= 90,90 ± 0,85o, d= 90,07 ± 0,92o e q= 90,65 ± 0,73o. A aplicação do teste estatístico ANOVA two-way (5%), revelou que os efeitos tipo de aparelho, ângulos e interação apresentaram diferença significante. Ao se aplicar o teste de Tuckey (5%), verificamos que a superfície C, preparada pelo ParalAB foi mais paralela à trajetória de inserção (d= 90,07 ± 0,92o), seguida pela superfície C produzida pelo delineador de bancada (d= 90,21 ± 0,76o), e a mais concorrente foi a superfície A produzida pelo ParalAB (a= 92,18 ± 0,87o), seguida pela superfície A preparada pelo delineador de bancada (a= 91,19 ± 0,48o). As demais superfícies produzidas por ambos os aparelhos ocuparam uma posição intermediária de mesmo comportamento. Ao se aplicar o teste de Levène de comparação de variância, ambos os grupos não apresentaram diferença significante para as inclinações das superfícies por eles produzidas. Podemos concluir que o aparelho ParalAB foi capaz de preparar superfícies paralelas... / The aim of this study was to introduce a new intraoral paralleling device (ParalAB) and to verify its efficiency as a transference method of guide planes. Thirty casting models were divided into 2 groups (n=15): in the group 1, guide planes were prepared with a surveyor device and in the group 2, with the ParalAB device. In each model, guide planes were prepared at the distal face of teeth 13 and 23 and at the proximal faces of teeth 17. Each prepared surface (A, B, C and D) formed an angle related to the occlusal plane (a, b, d, q) that were measured with a tridimentional coordinate machine. The mean value for the group 1 were a= 91,19 l 0,48O, b= 90,47 l 0,66O, d= 90,21 l 0,76O and q= 90,50 l 0,73O and for the group 2 were a= 92,18 l 0,87O, b= 90,90 l 0,85O, d= 90,07 l 0,92O and q= 90,65 l 0,73O. The application of ANOVA two-way test (5%) revealed that there were significant difference in all effects: device, angle and interaction. The Tuckey test (5%) revealed that the C surface prepared with ParalAB was more parallel to the path of insertion (d= 90,07 l 0,92O), followed by C surface prepared with the surveyor device (d= 90,21 l 0,76O), and the less parallel was the A surface prepared with ParalAB (a= 92,18 l 0,87o), followed by the A surface prepared with the surveyor device (a= 91,19 l 0,48o). The other surfaces occupied the same intermediary position. The Levene test of variance comparison revealed that the surfaces prepared by devices presented no significant difference. Conclusion: ParalAB was able to prepare parallel surfaces and, although there were significant difference between the two groups, the ParalAB presented a small deviation of the absolute parallelism and can be considered a valid method to transfer the guide plans.

Resumo: A presença e utilização de sistemas de navegação em automóveis no mundo, atualmente, é cada vez maior. Esses sistemas são utilizados por pessoas que necessitam de informações navegacionais para alcançarem seus destinos. Entretanto, em muitos casos, são fornecidas apenas a localização do veículo no visor dos sistemas e setas de direção. Diferentes estudos realizados nos EUA, Inglaterra, Japão e Suécia, buscam analisar quais informações os motoristas selecionam do ambiente urbano a partir de sua memória, para assim indicar e conceber sistemas de navegação com informações que auxiliem os motoristas em sua navegação. Esses estudos apontam que o mapa cognitivo dos motoristas é a melhor fonte de informações de guia de rota, pois possui as informações realmente úteis para auxiliar a navegação em automóveis, o que indica ser necessário conhecer as representações internas do ambiente dos motoristas, para assim conceber sistemas que propiciem maior eficiência navegacional. Desse modo, esta dissertação de mestrado objetivou investigar quais aspectos do ambiente os motoristas utilizam durante a navegação. Para tanto, aplico-se o método de esboço cartográfico para seleção de informação de guia de rota em automóvel. No desenvolvimento do método desse estudo participaram 50 (cinquenta) motoristas ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The presence and use of navigation systems in cars in the world is currently increasing. These systems are used by people in need of navigational information to reach their destinations. However, in many cases, are given only the vehicle's location on the systems display and directional arrows. Different studies indicate that the cognitive map of the drivers is the best source of information for route guidance, it has the really useful information to aid navigation in cars, which indicates the need to understand the internal representations of the environment of motorists, so as to conceive systems that provide navigational efficiency. Thus, this dissertation aims to investigate which environmental aspects drivers use when navigate. For that, were applied the method of sketch map for selection of route guidance information in car. In developing the method of this study involved fifty (50) drivers (undergraduate students, postgraduate students and taxi drivers) familiar with ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Mônica Modesta Santos Decanini / Coorientador: Vilma Mayumi Tachibana / Coorientador: Edmur Azevedo Pugliesi / Banca: Fátima Aparecida Dias Gomes Marin / Banca: Claudia Robbi Sluter / Mestre

La plupart des environnements de navigation de gestes interventionnels utilisant des aiguilles font l'hypothèse que celles-ci ne se déforment pas durant l'intervention. En pratique, cette hypothèse n'est pas toujours vérifiée car les aiguilles intéragissent avec les tissus lors des insertions et subissent alors des déformations parfois importantes. Cet effet provoque une perte de précision sur le geste réalisé. Ma thèse fait partie du projet ANR GAME-D dont l'objectif est de répondre à cette problématique par l'étude et le prototypage d'une aiguille instrumentée qui permettra à terme aux cliniciens de visualiser la déformation de l'aiguille en 3D et en temps réel. Mes travaux de recherche se focalisent sur la reconstruction de la déformée d'une aiguille instrumentée à partir des capteurs de déformations fixés à sa surface. L'impératif de précision nécessaire à une utilisation clinique du dispositif se heurte alors aux limitations techniques qui restreignent fortement le nombre de capteurs de déformation implantable sur une aiguille. Les méthodes développées pour résoudre cette problématique s'articulent autour de deux thématiques: l'obtention des données de capteurs et leurs exploitations. L'utilisation de la théorie des poutres permet, par l'etude des déformations des capteurs, d'obtenir des informations de déformations supplémentaires tel que la torsion. Elle permet également de développer des méthodes de reconstruction capables d'exploiter ces nouvelles informations et qui se révèlent donc plus précises. Une méthode d'optimisation des positions de capteurs fondée sur des données expérimentales de piqués d'aiguille est proposée. Les positions optimales calculées permettent d'augmenter la significativité des données renvoyées par les capteurs. Le traitement statistiques réalisé à partir des données expérimentales permet d'extraire les caractéristiques des déformations des aiguilles dans les tissus et de les utiliser dans une méthode de reconstruction spécifiquement développé. La représentativité de ces caractéristiques aide alors à la reconstruction de la déformée. / Most of navigation system dedicated to interventional radiology make the assumption that needles stay straight during insertions in tissues. In practice, this hypothesis is not verified as the interactions between needles and surrounding tissues cause the needles to bend, resulting in a loss of accuracy. My PhD thesis is a part of the national projet GAME-D whose goal is to solve that problem by developing and studying instrumented needles which should eventually provide 3D deformed shape of the needle to clinicians in real-time. My reasearch work focus on reconstruction of deformed needle shape from its strain sensors data. Precision needed for clinical use faces technical limitations which restraint number of sensors embedded on the needle. Methods developped to adress this issue fall into one of these two categories: sensors data retrieving and sensors data processing. Use of beam theory to study sensors deformations gives strain information such as torsion. It also allows to develop reconstruction methods able to use these informations to gain accuracy. An optimization method of the sensors positions based on needle insertions experimental data is proposed. Sensors optimal positions make sensors data much more significant. A statistical processing of experimental data is performed to extract deformation features of needles in tissue. It is further used in a a specially built reconstruction method. Representativeness of these features improve the reconstrution of the deformed shape of the needle.

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The aim of this report was to investigate how much people in general know about the bird black grouse and the possibilities for guiding on black grouse lek. I wanted to know how the possibilities where generally and specific at the tourist-facility Granö beckasin, which is situated in municipality of Vindeln in north of Sweden. I also wanted to get a better understanding about how the black grouse lek works and how the guiding would be best performed. Two different questionnaires were laid out, one with aim to reach a wide public and discover the knowledge and interest among people in general about black grouse lek. The aim with the second questionnaire was to reach people who is interested in bird- watching and get more quality answers about guiding on black grouse lek. While the questionnaires were collecting answers, market research about guiding and investigation of black grouse lekking spots possible for guiding around Granö was done. Most of the participants in the questionnaires showed a high level of awareness when it came to know what black grouse lek is, the majority also describe an active outdoorlife. The study showed a high level of black grouse lekking spots around Granö. Research and questionnaires showed that the target group for this type of guiding is small. The people in target for the type of guiding have big interest for birds and nature but doesn´t always have the time to research black grouse lekking spots themselves, therefore could a guide be helpful.

Diferenciar-se no competitivo mercado global exige que as empresas sejam cada vez mais inovadoras. Considerando que as inovações são desenvolvidas por pessoas interagindo em certo espaço, buscou-se por pesquisas sobre esses ambientes de inovação. Como os trabalhos detectados apenas diagnosticavam os ambientes e não faziam proposições de como aperfeiçoá-los, o presente estudo visa preencher essa lacuna, propondo uma sistemática para aprimorar os ambientes de inovação. Como forma de atingir esse objetivo, foram identificadas, por meio da busca teórica, nove dimensões que contemplam esses complexos ambientes. Para cada dimensão foi criada uma série de perguntas, culminando em um questionário com 40 indagações. Ele foi respondido quali-quantitativamente por 30 desenvolvedores de inovações de cinco grandes empresas. De posse do conjunto de dados daí oriundos, foram realizadas análises estatísticas como suporte para as demais análises. Para uma das análises foi adotada a técnica de Grupo Focal (GF), o qual foi composto por pessoas da alta gestão das empresas pesquisadas e por professores estrangeiros. Visando auxiliar a condução do GF, foi desenvolvido um jogo especificamente para esse fim. Como forma de verificar se ao menos duas dimensões apresentavam resultados significativamente diferentes para a soma de rankings foi utilizado o teste de Kruskall Wallis. O resultado do teste evidenciou que as dimensões Liderança e Autonomia apresentaram notas significativamente mais altas que as dimensões Processos e Recursos. Como parte final importante, a sistemática propõe um Guia de Diretrizes, embasado nas ideias expostas pelos autores estudados, pelos respondentes do questionário e pelos participantes do GF. Compreende-se que toda e qualquer empresa pode adequar a sistemática e aprimorar seus ambientes organizacionais direcionados a inovações. / Differentiate themselves in the competitive global market requires companies to be more innovative. Considering that innovations are developed by people interacting in a certain space, it searched for researches about these innovation environments. As the works detected only diagnosed environments and made no proposals for how to improve them, this study aims to fill this gap by proposing a system to improve the innovation environments. In order to achieve this goal, nine dimensions that address these complex environments have been identified through the theoretical search. For each dimension a series of questions was created, culminating in a questionnaire with 40 questions. The questionnaire was answered in a qualitative and quantitative way by 30 innovation developers within five large companies. Based on derived data set, statistical analysis were performed as support for other analysis. In order to perform the analysis it was adopted the Focus Group technique (FG), which was composed of people from the top management of those companies surveyed and foreign teachers. Aiming to assist the conduct of the FG, a game was developed specifically for this purpose. In order to check whether at least two dimensions had significantly different results for the sum of rankings was used the Kruskal-Wallis test. The test result showed that the dimensions Leadership and Autonomy had significantly higher scores than the dimensions Processes and Resources. As an important final part, the method proposes a Guide of Directives, based on the ideas exposed by the studied authors, by the respondents of the questionnaire and the participants of the FG. It is understood that any company can tailor the method and improve organizational environments driven to innovations.

The tesist are permanent plantings in locality Zoologická zahrada Ohrada in Hluboká nad Vltavou with a focus on the use and risks plants in plantings. Were created lists of plants represented the entire zoo. The result is a an overview of all plants on the territory and plans with plot plants. In the annex is draft of botanical guide in the form of information boards and handout to the pavilion Matamata.

One of the activities conducted by state fire supervision authorities is the investigation of the cause of fires (ZPP) and one of its areas is explosions. These cases are requiring investigators to have very specific knowledge. The intention of the MV-GŘ HZS ČR is to create updated methodological material for ZPP, which will include a section devoted to the investigation of explosions. A major source of information for the creation of this material was the American guide NFPA 921. My goal was to collect Czech and foreign material dealing with different aspects of explosions, to compare this information with the content of NFPA 921 and determine the usability of these sources for the planned methodological manual. The research question was whether current conditions for ZPP and its procedures are adequate for HZS ČR investigators in the case of explosions. I also processed data on explosions using the Incident Statistics/Response Reports (SSU/ZOZ) program. Processed data created a picture of the development of these cases in ČR. The following findings emerged from that process: the number of cases has continued to increase and the dominant area where explosions occur in, is housing. In all areas the dominant cause is human negligence. The most frequent types of explosions are gas explosions. Explosions of flammable liquid vapour dominate the number of deaths as a direct consequence. When comparing the information in Czech material with NFPA 921, discrepancies were found in the values of the properties in the tables. With the modification the information in NFPA 921 is usable for the Czech manual. When confronted with statistical outputs, the shortcomings of the topics in NFPA 921 emerge. The investigative procedures are focus largely on explosions of considerable scope. These cases form a tiny percentage in ČR and their application is limited. There is a lack of concrete information on their most common causes. Thus NFPA 921, together with Czech material, is primarily of use as a general overview. In view of these facts, I have concluded that the information base and conditions required for ZPP are not adequate for HZS ČR investigators. The text presented in the results section of this work is designed to fill this gap of ZPP and can be used as the basis for the creation of the planned methodological manual.