Contemplando um recorte temporal de dezessete anos (1937/1954), o trabalho apresentado insere-se na área de história do pensamento geográfico. Está centrado na tese que o médico e geógrafo pernambucano Josué de Castro foi introdutor da \'geografia da fome\' na história do pensamento geográfico no Brasil no interstício assinalado. Utilizando e concebendo o método geográfico como o único que permitia analisar a fome em toda a sua complexidade, sem dissociá-la das texturas do processo social subjacente a sua criação, o autor elucidou e denunciou esse espectro que assolava aproximadamente dois terços da humanidade do seu tempo. Nesse contexto, a sua obra seminal Geografia da Fome, publicada e 1946, constituiu-se num marco; primeiro, por introduzir um tema inédito dentro da Geografia no país, significativamente influenciada pela Escola Francesa e estudando os gêneros de vida, naturalmente voltava-se a análise da alimentação, sem entrementes fazer referência a fome; segundo, por provar que a fome consistia numa expressão biológica dos malefícios sociais especialmente nas periferias do capitalismo; e terceiro, em face a essa leitura, pelas possibilidades acenadas à análise do social na Geografia. Destarte, assume relevância e apresenta-se como uma expressiva referência da Geografia no Brasil e um imperativo no estudo da fome como tema passível de investigação pela mesma. / Contemplating a period of seventeen years (1937/1954), the work presented inserts itself in the area of history of the geographical thought. It is centered in the theory that the doctor and geographer from Pernambuco Josué de Castro was introdutor of the \'geography of the hunger\' in the history of the geographical thought in Brazil in the designated time. Using and conceiving the geographical approach as the only one that allowed to analyze the hunger in all its complexity, without dissociating it from the textures of the underlying social process of its creation, the author explained and denounced that spectrum that devastated approximately two thirds of the humanity of his time. In that context, his seminal work Geografia da Fome, published in 1946, was very important; first, by introducing an unpublished subject inside the country´s Geography that was significantly influenced by the French School that studied the ways of life, naturally concentrating itself in the analysis of the food, without reference to the hunger; second, by proving that the hunger consisted of a biological expression of the social problems specially in the edges of the capitalism; and third, according to that reading, by openning to the Geography the possibility to analyse social matters. Therefore, it shows relevance and presents-itself as an expressive reference of the Geography in Brazil and imperative to the study of the hunger as a subject possible to be researched by it.

Through a close analysis of Suzanne Collins’ Hunger Games series and Veronica Roth’s Divergent series, it will be shown that these two-current young adult dystopian book-film crossovers pose several relevant parallels to contemporary real-world problems. By deciphering a pattern on what garners their popularity, and most importantly analyzing the aspect of why they reached such levels of recognition, we can then begin to close in on just how important these two series are in representing the 21st century young American mindset. Taking into the equation also, how the overall-arching genre of dystopia has evolved with the times and has now adapted to reflect contemporary anxieties and fears. Looking into several elements such as a newfound desire for strong female roles, persuasive antagonists that are inspired by realistic historical precedents, and an unsettling desensitization towards violence and gore, we can then see that the successful equation of The Hunger Games and Divergent series reflects mainstream interests evocatively and effectively. It is not just an intervention into the encompassing utopian/dystopian tradition, but into today’s sociology. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2018. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Conhecida como Guerra do Paraguai, Guerra da Tríplice Aliança e Guerra Grande, foi o conflito bélico de grande repercussão na história latino-americana quer quanto à mobilização, quer quanto à perda de homens. A longa duração da guerra, de dezembro de 1864 a março de 1870, analisada através de corpus documental expõe, de maneira brutal o tratamento dado aos soldados e demais participantes que lutavam não contra o inimigo comum paraguaio e sim pela sobrevivência nos campos de batalha: sem água e alimentos suficientes e adequados, sem instrumental médico-cirúrgico preparados para enfrentar as grandes batalhas que produziam milhares de feridos. Na capital do Império do Brasil e em outros portos das duas capitais aliadas como Buenos Aires e Montevidéu soldados recém-convocados, feridos e doentes transitavam sem qualquer orientação sobre cuidados sanitários e vacinação, disseminando, dessa forma, doenças muitas delas incubadas, que logo seriam transmitidas a milhares de outros soldados e civis nos campos de batalha e nas cidades para onde eram levados para tratamento. A concentração de grande massa de combatentes e não combatentes de um acampamento militar exigiu a necessidade de garantir a ordem e a disciplina. As deserções, os atos de covardia e de insubordinação, os homicídios, as brigas, os roubos, os atentados contra a propriedade, as violações e outros delitos estavam longe de serem raros, muito pelo contrário, eram bastante frequentes e constam numa profusa documentação. Analiso, além da fome e das epidemias, o funcionamento da Justiça Militar durante a Guerra do Paraguai em um acampamento do exército brasileiro e em navios da armada imperial onde se vivia sob indispensáveis regras disciplinares, muitas vezes quebradas, privilegiando fontes como memória de combatentes (oficiais e praças) e ordens do dia, entre muitas outras, em arquivos públicos e particulares. Investigo a origem dos batalhões de soldados e marinheiros destinados aos campos de batalhas, bem como o seu recrutamento e estratégias de resistência, analisando também as consequências que isso acarretou em todos os anos que durou a guerra. Procuro demonstrar que as penalidades eram resultantes diretas da fome e das doenças que grassavam nos acampamentos do exército e nos navios da esquadra imperial, interferindo, de maneira crucial, nos resultados da guerra. / Variously known as the War of Paraguay, the War of the Triple Alliance and the Big War, this bellicose conflict inflicted a significant repercussion on Latin American history in both logistics and in human mortality. The long duration of the war, from December of 1864 to March 1870, is analyzed through a body of documented works that brutally expresses the treatment of soldiers and other participants in the war. These people struggled not against a common enemy, but for survival on the battlefields. They faced shortages of water and food as well as the necessary medical-surgical supplies to support the thousands of wounded from the ferocious battles. In the capital of the Brazilian Empire as well as in the two allied capital cities of Buenos Aires and Montevideo, recently conscripted soldiers, the wounded and the sick, passed without any orientation regarding sanitation or vaccination. As a result, diseases, many of them in various stages of incubation, were transmitted to thousands of other soldiers and civilians, on the battlefields and in the cities where some were brought for treatment. A concentrated mass of combatants and support personnel in any military camp requires order and discipline. However, desertion, cowardice, insubordination, murder, fights, robbery, assaults, violations and other crimes were frequent and profusely documented. I analyze not only the hunger and epidemics, but the function of Military Justice during the War of Paraguay in a Brazilian army camp and in an imperial armada where the necessary disciplinary rules were often disregarded, according to sources such as the memoirs of combatants (both officers and conscripts) and in daily order records in public and private archives. I investigate the origins of the battalions of soldiers and sailors destined for the battlefields as well as the recruiting efforts and strategies for resistance, analyzing the consequences of such throughout the years of the war. I strive to demonstrate that the direct penalties were the hunger and the illness that flourished in the army camps and on the imperial naval ships thus affecting, in a crucial manner, the outcome of the war.

Conhecida como Guerra do Paraguai, Guerra da Tríplice Aliança e Guerra Grande, foi o conflito bélico de grande repercussão na história latino-americana quer quanto à mobilização, quer quanto à perda de homens. A longa duração da guerra, de dezembro de 1864 a março de 1870, analisada através de corpus documental expõe, de maneira brutal o tratamento dado aos soldados e demais participantes que lutavam não contra o inimigo comum paraguaio e sim pela sobrevivência nos campos de batalha: sem água e alimentos suficientes e adequados, sem instrumental médico-cirúrgico preparados para enfrentar as grandes batalhas que produziam milhares de feridos. Na capital do Império do Brasil e em outros portos das duas capitais aliadas como Buenos Aires e Montevidéu soldados recém-convocados, feridos e doentes transitavam sem qualquer orientação sobre cuidados sanitários e vacinação, disseminando, dessa forma, doenças muitas delas incubadas, que logo seriam transmitidas a milhares de outros soldados e civis nos campos de batalha e nas cidades para onde eram levados para tratamento. A concentração de grande massa de combatentes e não combatentes de um acampamento militar exigiu a necessidade de garantir a ordem e a disciplina. As deserções, os atos de covardia e de insubordinação, os homicídios, as brigas, os roubos, os atentados contra a propriedade, as violações e outros delitos estavam longe de serem raros, muito pelo contrário, eram bastante frequentes e constam numa profusa documentação. Analiso, além da fome e das epidemias, o funcionamento da Justiça Militar durante a Guerra do Paraguai em um acampamento do exército brasileiro e em navios da armada imperial onde se vivia sob indispensáveis regras disciplinares, muitas vezes quebradas, privilegiando fontes como memória de combatentes (oficiais e praças) e ordens do dia, entre muitas outras, em arquivos públicos e particulares. Investigo a origem dos batalhões de soldados e marinheiros destinados aos campos de batalhas, bem como o seu recrutamento e estratégias de resistência, analisando também as consequências que isso acarretou em todos os anos que durou a guerra. Procuro demonstrar que as penalidades eram resultantes diretas da fome e das doenças que grassavam nos acampamentos do exército e nos navios da esquadra imperial, interferindo, de maneira crucial, nos resultados da guerra. / Variously known as the War of Paraguay, the War of the Triple Alliance and the Big War, this bellicose conflict inflicted a significant repercussion on Latin American history in both logistics and in human mortality. The long duration of the war, from December of 1864 to March 1870, is analyzed through a body of documented works that brutally expresses the treatment of soldiers and other participants in the war. These people struggled not against a common enemy, but for survival on the battlefields. They faced shortages of water and food as well as the necessary medical-surgical supplies to support the thousands of wounded from the ferocious battles. In the capital of the Brazilian Empire as well as in the two allied capital cities of Buenos Aires and Montevideo, recently conscripted soldiers, the wounded and the sick, passed without any orientation regarding sanitation or vaccination. As a result, diseases, many of them in various stages of incubation, were transmitted to thousands of other soldiers and civilians, on the battlefields and in the cities where some were brought for treatment. A concentrated mass of combatants and support personnel in any military camp requires order and discipline. However, desertion, cowardice, insubordination, murder, fights, robbery, assaults, violations and other crimes were frequent and profusely documented. I analyze not only the hunger and epidemics, but the function of Military Justice during the War of Paraguay in a Brazilian army camp and in an imperial armada where the necessary disciplinary rules were often disregarded, according to sources such as the memoirs of combatants (both officers and conscripts) and in daily order records in public and private archives. I investigate the origins of the battalions of soldiers and sailors destined for the battlefields as well as the recruiting efforts and strategies for resistance, analyzing the consequences of such throughout the years of the war. I strive to demonstrate that the direct penalties were the hunger and the illness that flourished in the army camps and on the imperial naval ships thus affecting, in a crucial manner, the outcome of the war.

Heightened reward associated with palatable food, a construct referred to as hedonic reward, can promote excessive energy intake among adults. However, no known studies have examined the influence of hedonic reward on adolescents' eating behavior and weight status. The present study examined whether there was an association between hedonic hunger and weight status in overweight/obese adolescents and whether dietary behavior (caloric consumption) mediated this association. Baseline measures of body mass index, hedonic food reward, and dietary intake were collected from one hundred overweight and obese adolescents. Data were analyzed using mixture modeling. Mediation at varying levels of hedonic hunger was explored and three heterogeneous sub-classes were identified. Results indicated that for 65% participants there was a positive association between hedonic hunger and zBMI such that one unit of increase in hedonic hunger was associated with a 0.35 unit increase in zBMI. However, no conclusive evidence of caloric intake mediating the association between hedonic hunger and weight-status was found. Overall, our results suggest that exaggerated hedonic responses are associated with higher body mass in adolescents. These results provide a compelling argument that hedonic hunger can potentially override the homeostatic need for energy and may be associated with weight-gain.

This thesis is a documentation of the author's learning journey with the farmers, researchers and development agents in the eastern hills of Nepal.The purpose of the study was to find a solution to the problem of food security faced by the farmers in this area. The basic assumptions underpinning agricultural development in Nepal are that food security can be improved through the application of agricultural technologies and increasing production. The findings of this research question these assumptions.The study demonstrated that external changes which take place in the real world are connected to the internal changes which occur within the individuals and groups involved.An action research methodology was chosen to find alternative strategies to examine the current approaches to addressing the food security situation. The findings revealed three dimensions needing to be addressed to deal with food security at the farming household level. The fact that a collaborative partnership must be established between all the stakeholders involved in order to bring about improvements in the situation was revealed.This called for the conversion of 'experts' into 'co-partners' in the learning process. The learning journey showed that it is possible to initiate change, and the changes achieved indicate a huge potential for researchers and those interested in food security to make a real and lasting difference / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p>Det här examensarbetet utreder sambandet mellan frukost och studieork/studieresultat. Mitt syfte har varit att ta reda på om det finns något samband mellan grundskoleelevers frukostvanor och deras studieork/studieresultat samt hur många procent av eleverna som äter frukost regelbundet och hur en sådan kan se ut. Jag har använt mig av litteraturstudier, djupintervjuer och enkätfrågor för att få svar på mina frågeställningar. Resultatet som framkommer är att om eleven sköter sitt frukostätande på ett bra sätt så påverkas prestationsförmågan i skolan positivt. Om eleven däremot slarvar med frukosten påverkas skolprestationen negativt. Drygt 60 % av eleverna äter alltid frukost. 20 % äter oftast frukost, 10 % äter sällan frukost. I min undersökning är det sammanlagt en elev av 68 som aldrig äter frukost. Den vanligaste förekommande frukosten består av : mjukt bröd med smör, ett glas mjölk/ o´boy, ett glas juice samt entallrik fil med flingor.</p>

Thesis (M.A.I.S.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-97). Also available on the World Wide Web.

The aim of this study was to examine how food deprivation effects food-related and other behavioural systems of red junglefowl (Gallus gallus) and the domesticated White Leghorn layers. If an animal is denied to perform their natural behaviours, like eating, sleeping or preening, the motivation for the behaviour can increase. Behavioural systems may interact and motivation to perform behaviours may be influenced. After being deprived of a certain need the reaction can become exaggerated or abnormal. Food deprivation is often used in ethology research to motivate animals. The hypothesis in this study was that the chickens would become affected by the food deprivation and reallocate their behaviours. They would get more stressed and frustrated. Domestication effects and sex differences were explored. The birds were tested in four standardized behavioural tests; food consumption test, general behavioural test, open field test and novel object test. The results showed that they foraged and explored more, had less comfort behaviours, and less perching the longer they had been without food. They did not show a higher degree of frustration, stress or aggressive behaviours. There were domestication effects, where the Leghorns seem to have lost some of their ability to respond adaptively to food shortage. Differences between the sexes were found, where the females foraged more and the males were more stressed. The conclusion was that the birds do not get more stressed when food deprived, but they forage and explore more which is a desirable effect of food deprivation used in ethology research.

Det här examensarbetet utreder sambandet mellan frukost och studieork/studieresultat. Mitt syfte har varit att ta reda på om det finns något samband mellan grundskoleelevers frukostvanor och deras studieork/studieresultat samt hur många procent av eleverna som äter frukost regelbundet och hur en sådan kan se ut. Jag har använt mig av litteraturstudier, djupintervjuer och enkätfrågor för att få svar på mina frågeställningar. Resultatet som framkommer är att om eleven sköter sitt frukostätande på ett bra sätt så påverkas prestationsförmågan i skolan positivt. Om eleven däremot slarvar med frukosten påverkas skolprestationen negativt. Drygt 60 % av eleverna äter alltid frukost. 20 % äter oftast frukost, 10 % äter sällan frukost. I min undersökning är det sammanlagt en elev av 68 som aldrig äter frukost. Den vanligaste förekommande frukosten består av : mjukt bröd med smör, ett glas mjölk/ o´boy, ett glas juice samt entallrik fil med flingor.