Os números naturais parciais são informações parciais sobre números naturais e w. As propriedades matemáticas do domínio de números naturais parciais e de funções que envolvem este domínio são estudadas via o use da teoria dos domínios de Scott. A manipulação formal de naturais parciais é estudada mediante a utilização de um calculo-ג tipado com constantes. Relações com a teoria da recursão são estudadas. É mostrado como funções continuas entre naturais parciais podem representar processos interativos, possivelmente perpétuos. / Partial natural numbers are informations about natural numbers and w. Mathematical properties of the domain of partial natural numbers and functions involving this domain are investigated with the aid of Scott domain theory. A typed ג-calculus is introduced for investigating formal manipulation of partial natural numbers. Relations with recursion theory are investigated. It is shown how continuous functions on natural numbers can represent (possibly perpetual) interactive processes.

Ces travaux de thèse portent sur la physico-chimie de l'interface fibre/matrice appliquée aux composites Carbone/Carbone. La surface des fibres de carbone est modifiée par divers traitements de surface (voie gazeuse et voie humide). L'impact de ces différents procédés sur l'état de surface des fibres a été évalué par chromatographie gazeuse en phase inverse à dilution infinie, MEB, AFM, MET, RAMAN… Suite à ces caractérisations, des traitements de surface ont été retenus pour la réalisation de composite C/C. Les propriétés notamment mécaniques des matériaux composites à interfaces modulées (force de la liaison fibre/matrice) ont pu être évaluées. Finalement, il a pu être établi une relation entre modifications de surface des fibres de carbone et comportement macroscopique des composites C/C. / This work focuses on the physical chemistry of the fiber/matrix interface applied to composites carbon/carbon. The surface of carbon fibers was modified by various surface treatments. The carbon fibers surface variation was evaluated by inverse gas chromatography at infinite dilution, SEM, AFM, TEM, Raman... After these characterizations, surface treatments were selected for the realization of C/C composites. The mechanical properties of composites at modulated interfaces (fibers/matrix bonding) were evaluated. Finally, a correlation between surface modification of carbon fibers and macroscopic behavior of composite C/C was established.

Nous proposons une technique de dépliage pour vérifier les systèmes concurrents infinis bien structurés. Certaines propriétés d'intérêt comme la bornitude, la couverture et la terminaison sont décidables grâce à la bonne structure de ces systèmes. D'autre part, le dépliage réduit efficacement l'explosion combinatoire en exploitant l'ordre partiel entre les événements des systèmes concurrents. Nous proposons une modélisation par structure d'événements pour des systèmes bien structurés élémentaires, tels les compteurs et les files de communication. Le dépliage d'un réseau de structures d'événements étant une structure d'événements, nous proposons ensuite une approche hiérarchique à la modélisation et à la vérification des systèmes, qui préserve la bonne structure. Enfin, nous proposons une technique d'élimination des événements redondants. La mise en œuvre de notre approche dans l'outil ESU nous permet de conclure à son efficacité. / We propose an unfolding technique for verifying concurrent infinite-state systems that are well-structured. Some properties of interest such as boundedness, coverability and termination are decidable thanks to the well-structure of these systems. Moreover, the unfolding effectively reduces the combinatorial explosion by exploiting the partial order between events of concurrent systems. We propose a modelization using event structures for basic well-structured systems, such as counters and communication channels. As the unfolding of a synchronized product of event structures is an event structure, we obtain a hierarchical approach to modeling as well as to verifying systems, which preserves the well-structure. Finally, we propose a technique for eliminating redundant events. The implementation of our approach in the ESU tool allows us to conclude on its efficiency.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea de Davide Ratto Morelli.pdf: 720847 bytes, checksum: f67ae12322be10f9bae642d62c44bd21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-15 / This study aims to gather information on some types of pathological organizations of the personality, using psychoanalytic knowledge. Several authors underlie it, starting with Sigmund Freud, Melanie Klein, Joan Riviere, Wilfred Bion, Herbert Rosenfeld, Hanna Segal and getting to John Steiner, Donald Meltzer, Frances Tustin, Judith Mitrani and James Grotstein, whose works in these areas are discussed more deeply. Efforts are made to understand and identify points of convergence, divergence and/or intersection among concepts like claustrum, psychic retreats, autistic capsules and adhesive pseudo-object relations. Discussion of the importance of continence and the development of schizo paranoid and depressive positions, permeate all the work and are fundamental to the approach of the clinical material presented. Analyst's psychic continence is questioned in face of difficulties as the claustrum seduction, attraction of adhesive pseudo-object relations, embarrassment of tenderness and struggles for dominate or exclusion of the analyst. Facing the difficulties of handling complex defensive systems, such as pathological organizations, confidence in the existence of unconscious need of psychic truth remains encouraging and cherishing, both to continue the trajectory of psychoanalytic exercise, and to achieve the needs of patients / Este estudo tem por objetivo recolher informações sobre alguns tipos de organizações patológicas da personalidade, utilizando conhecimentos psicanalíticos. Vários autores embasam-no partindo de Sigmund Freud, Melanie Klein, Joan Riviere, Wilfred Bion, Herbert Rosenfeld, Hanna Segal e chegando a John Steiner, Donald Meltzer, Frances Tustin, Judith Mitrani e James Grotstein, cujos trabalhos nessas áreas são discutidos mais profundamente. Esforços são realizados para compreender e identificar pontos de convergência, divergência e/ou intersecção entre conceitos como claustros, refúgios psíquicos, cápsulas autistas e pseudorrelações objetais adesivas. Discussões da importância da continência e da elaboração das posições esquizoparanoides e depressivas perpassam todo o trabalho e são fundamentais para a abordagem do material clínico apresentado. A continência psíquica do analista é questionada em face de dificuldades como a sedução dos claustros e a atratibilidade de pseudorrelações objetais adesivas, o embaraço diante da ternura e lutas por dominar ou excluir o analista. Diante da dificuldade de manejo com sistemas defensivos complexos, como os das organizações patológicas, a confiança na existência da necessidade inconsciente da verdade psíquica permanece estimulante e acalentadora tanto para continuar a trajetória do exercício psicanalítico, quanto para alcançar as necessidades dos pacientes

Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e as análises de técnicas de controle aplicadas a uma base de movimento de um simulador de vôo. Nos primeiros capítulos são abordados aspectos relacionados com a simulação de movimentos. Uma breve descrição da dinâmica da aeronave e o desenvolvimento do algoritmo de movimento (washout filter) são apresentados. O modelo dinâmico da base de movimento é desenvolvido baseado num manipulador paralelo de seis graus de liberdade chamado de plataforma de Stewart acionado eletricamente. As equações de movimento do atuador eletromecânico são incluídas no modelo dinâmico da plataforma. O controle baseado na dinâmica inversa é uma alternativa para abordar o controle de sistema mecânicos não lineares como a plataforma de Stewart. Porém, essa técnica considera o conhecimento exato do modelo dinâmico do sistema, portanto, a dinâmica não modelada, as incertezas paramétricas e as perturbações externas podem degradar o desempenho do controlador. Além disso, o custo computacional pago pelo cálculo do modelo dinâmico realizado online é muito alto. Nesse contexto, duas estratégias de controle foram aplicadas na malha externa da estrutura de controle baseada na dinâmica inversa para o controle de aceleração na presença de incertezas paramétricas e da dinâmica não modelada, os quais foram introduzidas intencionalmente no processo de aproximar o modelo dinâmico com o objetivo de simplificar a implementação do controle baseado na dinâmica inversa. Na primeira estratégia, o termo robusto de controle foi projetado, provando a estabilidade do sistema linearizado por meio da teoria de estabilidade de Lyapunov. Este controle apresenta o fenômeno conhecido como chattering e então foi adotada uma função de saturação para substituir a lei de controle. Na segunda estratégia, o termo robusto de controle foi projetado considerando um problema de rejeição de distúrbio via controle H \'INFINITO\', onde o controlador considera as incertezas como distúrbios afetando o sistema linearizado resultante da aplicação do controle baseado na dinâmica inversa. Finalmente, três tipos de testes foram realizados para avaliar o sistema de controle: função descritiva, limiar dinâmico e algumas manobras da aeronave calculadas a partir do modelo dinâmico e transformadas através do algoritmo de movimento. As duas estratégias de controle foram comparadas. / This work presents the development and analysis of control techniques applied to a flight simulator motion base. The first chapters deal with subjects related to motion simulation. A brief description of the aircraft dynamic model and the development of the motion algorithm (washout filter) are presented. The motion base dynamics is derived based on a six degree of freedom parallel manipulator driven by electromechanical actuators. The six degree of freedom parallel manipulator is called Stewart platform. The motion equations of the electromechanical actuators are included in the motion base dynamics. Inverse dynamics control is an approach to nonlinear control design, nonetheless, this technique is based on the assumption of exact cancellation of nonlinear terms, therefore, parametric uncertainty, unmodeled dynamics and external disturbances may deteriorate the controller performance. In addition, a high computational burden is paid by computing on-line the complete dynamic model of the motion-base. Robustness can be regained by applying robust control tecniques in the outer loop control structure. In this context, two control strategies were applied in the outer loop of the inverse dynamics control structure linearized system for robust acceleration tracking in the presence of parametric uncertainty and unmodeled dynamic, which are intentionally introduced in the process of approximating the dynamic model in order to simplify the implementation of this approach, the inverse dynamic control. Both control strategies consist of introducing an additional term to the inverse dynamics controller which provides robustness to the control system. In the first strategy, the robust control term was designed proving the stability of the linearized system in the presence of uncertainties, using the Lyapunov stability theory. This control term presents a phenomenon known as chattering. Therefore, a saturation function was adopted to replace the control law. In the second strategy, the robust term was designed for a disturbance rejection problem via H \'INFINITE\' control, where the controller considers the uncertaities as disturbances affecting the linearized system resulting from the application of the inverse dynamic control. Finally, describing function, dynamic threshold and some maneuvers computed from the washout filter were used to evaluate the performance of the controllers. Both approaches were compared.

Hydropower maintains its position as the most important source of renewable electric energy in the world. The efficiency of large hydropower plants is unsurpassed, and after more than hundred years of development, the technology is mature and highly reliable. While new hydro resources are currently being developed in Asia and South America, most European countries go through a phase of intense refurbishment and upgrading of existing plants. Challenges faced by the hydropower industry include a knowledge transfer to new generations and the adaptation of unit designs to meet new operational requirements. As with all branches of engineering, the use of computerized design tools has revolutionized the art of hydropower plant design and the analysis of its performance. In the present work, modern tools like coupled field-circuit models and semi-analytic permeance models are used to address different aspects of electromagnetic analysis of generators in large hydropower plants. The results include the presentation of a mathematical model that uses concepts from rotating field theory to determine the air-gap flux density waveform in a hydroelectric generator. The model was succesfully used to evaluate armature voltage harmonics and damper bar currents at no-load and load conditions. A second study is concerned with the importance of losses due to rotational fields in core loss calculations. It is found that dynamic and rotational effects typically increase the total core loss estimates with about 28% in large hydroelectric generators. In a third study, linear models for the calculation of salient pole shoe form factors at an arbitrary level of magnetic loading are presented. The effect of the damper winding configuration on the damping capability of salient-pole generators is then evaluated in a separate study. The predicted impact of the coupling between damper cages on adjacent poles on the damping torque production is verified in a set of experiments.

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Gravity gradient tensor (GGT) data contains the second derivatives of the Earth’s gravitational potential in three orthogonal directions. GGT data can be measured either using land, airborne, marine or space platforms. In the last two decades, the applications of GGT data in hydrocarbon exploration, mineral exploration and structural geology have increased considerably. This work focuses on developing new interpretation techniques for GGT data as well as pseudo-gravity gradient tensor (PGGT) derived from measured magnetic field. The applications of developed methods are demonstrated on a GGT data set from the Vredefort impact structure, South Africa and a magnetic data set from the Särna area, west central Sweden. The eigenvectors of the symmetric GGT can be used to estimate the position of the causative body as well as its strike direction. For a given measurement point, the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue points approximately toward the center of mass of the source body. For quasi 2D structures, the strike direction of the source can be estimated from the direction of the eigenvectors corresponding to the smallest eigenvalues. The same properties of GGT are valid for the pseudo-gravity gradient tensor (PGGT) derived from magnetic field data assuming that the magnetization direction is known. The analytic signal concept is applied to GGT data in three dimensions. Three analytic signal functions are introduced along x-, y- and z-directions which are called directional analytic signals. The directional analytic signals are homogenous and satisfy Euler’s homogeneity equation. Euler deconvolution of directional analytic signals can be used to locate causative bodies. The structural index of the gravity field is automatically identified from solving three Euler equations derived from the GGT for a set of data points located within a square window with adjustable size. For 2D causative bodies with geometry striking in the y-direction, the measured gxz and gzz components of GGT can be jointly inverted for estimating the parameters of infinite dike and geological contact models. Once the strike direction of 2D causative body is estimated, the measured components can be transformed into the strike coordinate system. The GGT data within a set of square windows for both infinite dike and geological contact models are deconvolved and the best model is chosen based on the smallest data fit error. / Felaktigt tryckt som Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 730

La recherche d'une compactification de l'ensemble des métriques Riemanniennes à singularités coniques sur une surface amène naturellement à l'étude des "surfaces à Courbure Intégrale Bornée au sens d'Alexandrov". Il s'agit d'une géométrie singulière, développée par A. Alexandrov et l'école de Leningrad dans les années 1970, et dont la caractéristique principale est de posséder une notion naturelle de courbure, qui est une mesure. Cette large classe géométrique contient toutes les surfaces "raisonnables" que l'on peut imaginer.Le résultat principal de cette thèse est un théorème de compacité pour des métriques d'Alexandrov sur une surface ; un corollaire immédiat concerne les métriques Riemanniennes à singularités coniques. On décrit dans ce manuscrit trois hypothèses adaptées aux surfaces d'Alexandrov, à la manière du théorème de compacité de Cheeger-Gromov qui concerne les variétés Riemanniennes à courbure bornée, rayon d'injectivité minoré et volume majoré. On introduit notamment la notion de rayon de contractibilité, qui joue le rôle du rayon d'injectivité dans ce cadre singulier.On s'est également attachés à étudier l'espace (de module) des métriques d'Alexandrov sur la sphère, à courbure positive le long d'une courbe fermée. Un sous-ensemble intéressant est constitué des convexes compacts du plan, recollés le long de leurs bords. A la manière de W. Thurston, C. Bavard et E. Ghys, qui ont considéré l'espace de module des polyèdres et polygones (convexes) à angles fixés, on montre que l'identification d'un convexe à sa fonction de support fait naturellement apparaître une géométrie hyperbolique de dimension infinie, dont on étudie les premières propriétés. / If we look for a compactification of the space of Riemannian metrics with conical singularities on a surface, we are naturally led to study the "surfaces with Bounded Integral Curvature in the Alexandrov sense". It is a singular geometry, developed by A. Alexandrov and the Leningrad's school in the 70's, and whose main feature is to have a natural notion of curvature, which is a measure. This large geometric class contains any "reasonable" surface we may imagine.The main result of this thesis is a compactness theorem for Alexandrov metrics on a surface ; a straightforward corollary concerns Riemannian metrics with conical singularities. We describe here three hypothesis which pair with the Alexandrov surfaces, following Cheeger-Gromov's compactness theorem, which deals with Riemannian manifolds with bounded curvature, injectivity radius bounded by below and volume bounded by above. Among other things, we introduce the new notion of contractibility radius, which plays the role of the injectivity radius in this singular setting.We also study the (moduli) space of Alexandrov metrics on the sphere, with non-negative curvature along a closed curve. An interesting subset is the set of compact convex sets, glued along their boundaries. Following W. Thurston, C. Bavard and E. Ghys, who considered the moduli space of (convex) polyhedra and polygons with fixed angles, we show that the identification between a convex set and its support function give rise to an infinite dimensional hyperbolic geometry, for which we study the first properties.

Cette thèse est une contribution à l’étude de problèmes de contrôle optimal dont le caractère non linéaire se traduit par la présence, dans les équations d’état, d’un terme bilinéaire relativement à l’état et au contrôle. Malgré les difficultés liées à la non linéarité, nous obtenons des propriétés spécifiques au cas bilinéaire. L’introduction générale constitue la première partie. La seconde partie est consacrée à l’étude des équations d’état ; ce sont des équations aux dérivées partielles d’évolution. Nous établissons des estimations a priori sur les solutions à partir des inégalités de Willett et Wong et nous démontrons que les équations d’états sont bien posées. Dans le cas où les contrôles subissent une contrainte liée aux états, ces estimations permettent de déduire l’existence de solutions dans le cadre des inclusions différentielles. Les troisième et quatrième parties de ce mémoire sont dévolues à la démonstration de l’existence de contrôles optimaux, puis à l’analyse de la sensibilité relative à une perturbation qui intervient de façon additive dans l’équation d’état. Le caractère bilinéaire permet de vérifier des conditions suffisantes d’optimalité du second ordre. Nous fournissons sur des exemples, une formule explicite des dérivées directionnelles de la fonction valeur optimale / This thesis is devoted to the analysis of nonlinear optimal control problems governed by an evolution state equation involving a term which is bilinear in state and control. The difficulties due to nonlinearity remain, but bilinearity adds a lot of structure to the control problem under consideration. In Section 2, by using Willet and Wong inequalities we establish a priori estimates for the solutions of the state equation. These estimates allow us to prove that the state equation is well posed in the sense of Hadamard. In the case of a feedback constraint on the control, the state equation becomes a differential inclusion. Under mild assumptions, such a differential inclusion is solvable. In Section 3, we prove the existence of solutions to the optimal control problem. Section 4 is devoted to the sensitivity analysis of the optimal control problem. We obtain a formula for the directional derivative of the optimal value function. This general formula is worked out in detail for particular examples