This thesis is on Cognitive Science of Religion (CSR) and its relevance for the rationality of religious beliefs. An epistemical model for rationality is developed according to which: a person (or group of persons) is rational to hold a certain belief a) if this belief can be assumed to have been generated by one or more reliable cognitive mechanisms, b) applies whether or not she is aware of what these mechanisms are, but c) only as long as it does not exist or arise some reasons (defeaters) to question the belief; if they occur, she must d) reflect on it and find other reasons or grounds to hold the belief in question.      Two different positions are examined, namely: 1) negative relevance: the findings and theories in CSR undermines the rationality of religious beliefs; 2) positive relevance: religious beliefs need not be irrational in the light of CSR, in fact CSR may actually support the rationality of religious beliefs.      Two lines of argument can be distinguished among those who argue for a negative relevance: a) the natural explanations that are provided by CSR are preferable; and b) religious beliefs are irrational because they are caused by unreliable cognitive mechanisms.      Among those who argue for positive relevance two arguments can be distinguised: a) religious beliefs seem to come naturally to humans and therefore are probably true; and b) CSR confirms empirically that we are equipped with a "divine mechanism" that there are reasons to believe is reliable.      The conclusions are: CSR has negative relevance to beliefs in "finite supernatural agency", but not for the faith of "infinite supernatural agency". First, the first type of beliefs is easier to explain by being generated by unreliable cognitive mechanisms; secondly they are difficult to integrate with what we otherwise know about the world. A category that falls outside the scope of CSR and thus not even potentially can be affected, is beliefs in "supernatural non-agency". / The Impact of Religion – Challenges for Society, Law and Democracy

In this work, we are interested in Growth of Galton-Watson trees under two different models: (1) Galton-Watson (GW) forests with lifetimes and/or immigrants, and (2) Galton-Watson forests with mutation, which we call Galton-Watson-Clone-Mutant forests, or GWCMforests. Under each model, we study certain consistent families (Fλ)λ≥0 of GW/GWCM forests and associated decompositions that include backbone decomposition as studied by many authors. Specifically, consistency here refers to the property that for each μ ≤ λ, the forest Fμ has the same distribution as the subforest of Fλ spanned by the blue leaves in a Bernoulli leaf colouring, where each leaf of Fλ is coloured in blue independently with probability μ/λ. In the first model, the case of exponentially distributed lifetimes and no immigration was studied by Duquesne and Winkel and related to the genealogy of Markovian continuous-state branching processes (CSBP). We characterise here such families in the framework of arbitrary lifetime distributions and immigration according to a renewal process, and show convergence to Sagitov’s (non-Markovian) generalisation of continuous-state branching renewal processes, and related processes with immigration. In the second model, we characterise such families in terms of certain bivariate CSBP with branching mechanisms studied previously by Watanabe and show associated convergence results. This is related to, but more general than Bertoin’s study of GWCM trees, and also ties in with work by Abraham and Delmas, who study directly some of the limiting processes.

In this thesis, we study the existence of pathwise random periodic solutions to both the semilinear stochastic differential equations with linear multiplicative noise and the semilinear stochastic partial differential equations with linear multiplicative noise in a Hilbert space. We identify them as the solutions of coupled forward-backward infinite horizon stochastic integral equations in general cases, and then perform the argument of the relative compactness of Wiener-Sobolev spaces in C([0, T],L2Ω,Rd)) or C([0, T],L2(Ω x O)) and Schauder's fixed point theorem to show the existence of a solution of the coupled stochastic forward-backward infinite horizon integral equations.

[pt] A presente dissertação de mestrado procurou investigar a relação de Gilles Deleuze com a teoria psicanalítica mais tradicional e a conseqüente repercussão de seu pensamento sobre ela. A partir da leitura das obras de Deleuze e de S. Freud viabilizou-se uma comparação de dois pensamentos divergentes. O pensamento freudiano, fundado em grande parte numa lógica transcendente, e o pensamento deleuziano numa lógica imanente. Fez-se necessária, inicialmente, uma incursão pela obra deleuziana visando fundamentar suas críticas ao campo psicanalítico; para isso, analisou-se sua contraposição ao pensamento representacional, dual, e sua proposta de criticá-lo a partir um sistema aberto às singularidades e às multiplicidades. Procurou-se ainda analisar algumas proposições clássicas da teoria psicanalítica - como o desejo e o inconsciente - que na perspectiva deleuziana estariam presas a coordenadas universais e dadas a priori. Por fim, o trabalho debruçou-se sobre a formulação do plano de imanência para pensar a possibilidade de uma psicanálise renovada, mais viva e mais criativa. / [en] This Master`s Grade dissertation aimed at studying Gilles Deleuze`s relation to the mainstream traditional psychoanalytic theory and his thought`s repercussion on it. From the reading of Deleuze`s and Freud`s works a comparison between two divergent thinking could be made, Freudian thinking grounded for it`s most part on a transcendent logic and the Deleuzian on an immanent logic. At first, an incursion in Deleuze`s works was necessary, aiming at substantiating his critics to the psychoanalytic field; for that, we analyzed his opposition to the dual, representational, thinking and his proposal to criticize it from the standpoint of a system opened to uniqueness and the multiplicities. We still intended to analyze some classical propositions of psychoanalytic theory, as the wish and the unconscious, which, from Deleuzian perspective, would be tied to universal and a priori coordinates. Finally, the work scrutinized the formulation of an immanence plan for thinking the possibility of a renewed psychoanalysis, livelier and more creative.

O principal objetivo deste trabalho é estudar diversas aplicações de combinatória infinita em espaços de funções contínuas, definidas em espaços compactos Hausdorff. Usando combinatória infinita para uma álgebra de Boole, por meio da dualidade de Stone, obtemos um espaço compacto Hausdorff. Com certas propriedades na álgebra de Boole é possível analisar propriedades analíticas no espaço de funções contínuas definidas em tal espaço. Especificamente, analisamos a propriedade de Grothendieck. Também analisamos a relação entre o espaço de funções contínuas e o espaço compacto Hausdorff sobre o qual é definido. Apresentamos um resultado que permite obter diversos resultados conhecidos de uma maneira uniforme (só usando fatos de topologia e teoria de conjuntos), dotando o espaço de funções contínuas de uma ordem peculiar. Finalmente, estudamos um pouco de jogos topológicos mediante diversos exemplos. / The main purpose of this work is to study some infinite combinatorics applications in spaces of continuous functions, defined in Hausdorff compact spaces. Using infinite combinatorics in Boolean algebras, through Stone duality, we obtain a compact Hausdorff space. With certain properties in Boolean algebras it is possible to analyze analytic properties in the space of continuous functions defined in such space. Specifically, we analyze the Grothendieck property. We also analyze the relationship between the space of continuous functions and the compact Hausdorff space on which it is defined. We present a result that allows to obtain several known results in a uniform way (only using facts of topology and set theory), giving the space of continuous functions a peculiar order. Finally, we study some topological games through several examples.

Ce travail porte sur la régulation de la sortie des systèmes aux paramètres distribués. Pour ce faire, un simple contrôleur proportionnel intégral est utilisé, puis la stabilité du système en boucle fermée est démontrée à l'aide d'une fonction de Lyapunov. La principale contribution de ce travail est la construction d'un nouveau type de fonction de Lyapunov qui s'inspire d'une méthode bien connue dans le cadre des systèmes non-linéaires : le forwarding.Dans une première partie, le système est établi avec des opérateurs dont les propriétés sont données dans le cadre des semigroupes, puis la problématique de la régulation par contrôleur P-I est posé. Grâce à cette construction de Lyapunov, on peut répondre à cette problématique sous certaines hypothèses. Le lien est alors fait avec les résultats existants dans ce contexte. Dans la seconde partie, la problématique de la régulation est posée pour un système composé de n × n équations hyperboliques linéaires où l'entrée et la sortie se situent sur les conditions aux frontières des EDPs. Sous certaines hypothèses, le résultat permet de réguler n'importe quel vecteur de sortie composé linéairement des conditions aux frontières du système. Cela généralise de nombreux travaux portant sur les systèmes composés d'équations hyperboliques et l'utilisation de contrôleur P-I. Enfin dans le dernier chapitre, les vibrations mécaniques dans les tiges de forage sont étudiées comme cas d'application. Dans un premier temps, le comportement de solutions issues de différents modèles utilisés pour l'étude de ces déformations est détaillé. Dans un second temps, il est montré que la nouvelle fonctionnelle de Lyapunov permet de prendre en compte des modèles plus complexes et d'obtenir la régulation de la vitesse de la tige au fond du forage en ne mesurant que la vitesse en haut du puits. A la fin du chapitre, de nombreuses simulations numériques viennent illustrer nos résultats théoriques / This monograph is devoted to the output regulation of some distributed parameters systems. To reach this objective, a simply proportional integral controller is implemented. Then the stability of the closed loop is proved using a Lyapunov functional that can be built given a Lyapunov functional for the open-loop system. The main contribution of this work is the method to build the Lyapunov functional, it is inspired by a well-known method in non-linear system theory : the forwarding. In a first part, the system studied is an abstract Cauchy problem and the problematic is stated using semigroup theory. Thanks to the Lyapunov employed, the regulation can be guaranteed providing some assumption on the systems operators. The second part detailed how the output regulation can be obtain for all linear outputs when the system is a n × n systems of linear balance laws in one space dimension. The result is given in the case where inputs and outputs act on the PDE’s boundary conditions and for open-loop stabilizable system. It generalize many contribution in the topic of output regulation for systems of linear balance laws. Last but not least, a part is devoted to the study of mechanicals vibrations in a drill pipe. In a first time, the behavior of the solutions for different kind of models use to model the drill pipe is detailed. Then, it is shown that the new Lyapunov functional allow to take into account complex, infinite dimensional model and to regulate the drill pipe velocity at the bottom of the wellbore by only measuring the surface velocity and with a P-I controller. At the end, some simulations are given that illustrate the result

O principal objetivo deste trabalho é estudar diversas aplicações de combinatória infinita em espaços de funções contínuas, definidas em espaços compactos Hausdorff. Usando combinatória infinita para uma álgebra de Boole, por meio da dualidade de Stone, obtemos um espaço compacto Hausdorff. Com certas propriedades na álgebra de Boole é possível analisar propriedades analíticas no espaço de funções contínuas definidas em tal espaço. Especificamente, analisamos a propriedade de Grothendieck. Também analisamos a relação entre o espaço de funções contínuas e o espaço compacto Hausdorff sobre o qual é definido. Apresentamos um resultado que permite obter diversos resultados conhecidos de uma maneira uniforme (só usando fatos de topologia e teoria de conjuntos), dotando o espaço de funções contínuas de uma ordem peculiar. Finalmente, estudamos um pouco de jogos topológicos mediante diversos exemplos. / The main purpose of this work is to study some infinite combinatorics applications in spaces of continuous functions, defined in Hausdorff compact spaces. Using infinite combinatorics in Boolean algebras, through Stone duality, we obtain a compact Hausdorff space. With certain properties in Boolean algebras it is possible to analyze analytic properties in the space of continuous functions defined in such space. Specifically, we analyze the Grothendieck property. We also analyze the relationship between the space of continuous functions and the compact Hausdorff space on which it is defined. We present a result that allows to obtain several known results in a uniform way (only using facts of topology and set theory), giving the space of continuous functions a peculiar order. Finally, we study some topological games through several examples.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_milena_santos.pdf: 1331398 bytes, checksum: 4acb223fbc8b51470d225d8dffe317f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-11-11 / nenhum / This term deals with an investigation about students conceptions of a math course taking into accont concepts related to the convergence of the numerical sequencies. The individuals in this research had already had contact with the limit notion, but they hadn´t studied numerical sequencies yet. The goal is to investigate the student s resistency in disassociate the limit conception of a physic movement, of an approximation, once its definition is static. It s also intender to discuss the conceptions presented by the students concerned with: have a limit and being limited , numerical sequencies, sequencies convergence and the difference between the representation of a set with n elements and of another with infinite arouse by Caraça are discussed. In order to get to investigate such conceptions, a sequency of five activities was developed to be given to these students. The study was based on a term about the epistemological obstacles related to the concept of limit carried out by Anka Sierpinska and on the research of Aline Robert, whose theme is related to the matter of infinite presented by Bento de Jesus Caraça in his book entitled: Fundamental concepts of Mathematics . With the analisys of the results it was possible to realize that even discussing different kinds of convergence and non-convergence sequencies, monotonous and non-monotonous, the students, many times, resist in disassociate the convergency concept of a physic movement, that is translated by the descriptions that appeal to the fact that the students have written with their own words, the explanation of their understanding both in algorithms, and in the definition represented in algebraic language and geometrical representations, sowed that the procedure adopted was effective to rise to the surface multiple reactions facing the dealed concepts. / Este trabalho trata de uma investigação sobre concepções de alunos de um curso de Matemática quanto a conceitos relacionados à convergência de seqüências numéricas. Os sujeitos da pesquisa já tinham tido contato com a noção de limite, mas não tinham estudado seqüências numéricas. O objetivo é investigar a resistência dos estudantes em desassociar a concepção de limite de um movimento físico, de uma aproximação, já que sua definição é estática. Pretende-se também discutir as concepções apresentadas pelos alunos quanto a: ter limite e ser limitado , seqüências numéricas, convergência de seqüências e a diferença entre a representação de um conjunto com n elementos e de outro com infinitos, o que inclui estudar o significado de uma variável n natural. Além disso, discute se dois tipos de infinito levantados por Caraça. Para que se conseguisse investigar tais concepções, foi desenvolvida uma seqüência de cinco atividades para ser aplicada a esses alunos. O estudo foi embasado num trabalho sobre os obstáculos epistemológicos relativos ao conceito de limite realizado por Anka Sierpinska e na pesquisa de Aline Robert, cujo tema está relacionado à aquisição do conceito de convergência de seqüências numéricas, bem como, em conceitos matemáticos relativos à questão do infinito apresentados por Bento de Jesus Caraça em seu livro intitulado: Conceitos Fundamentais da Matemática . Com a análise dos resultados foi possível perceber que, mesmo discutindo diferentes tipos de seqüências convergentes e não-convergentes, monótonas e não-monótonas, os alunos, muitas vezes, resistem em desassociar o conceito de convergência a um movimento físico, que é traduzido pelas descrições que recorrem ao fato de que se n tende a infinito, a seqüência se aproxima do seu limite. No entanto, o fato de os alunos terem escrito com suas próprias palavras a explicação do seu entendimento tanto nos algoritmos, quanto nas definições expressas na linguagem algébrica e representações geométricas, mostrou que o procedimento adotado foi eficaz para trazer à tona múltiplas reações frente a conceitos trabalhados

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luizmeirelles.pdf: 467053 bytes, checksum: dd3f6164b6d3a07da72cec7ae1b8c115 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-03 / nenhum / This dissertation presents the idea of Justice at the Enrique Dussel s work , by highlighting your own analectic method of destruction of the history of the Ethic, which begins from the recuperation of the ethics content existing at the high-cultures, previous to the Hellenistic world, reaches the Classical Greece, the medieval period, the myth of the Modernity and the Contemporary world, always in view of the responsibility for the Other, which is the basis of the Ethics of the Liberation and of the Justice. In the final part it presents Dussel s proposal for a association founded at the love-of-justice from the basal categories humans, Erotic, Pedagogical and Political, the deflections than those categories have suffered throughout the centuries, the need of their restructuration and the possible ways for ranging that aim / A presente dissertação apresenta a idéia de Justiça na Filosofia da Libertação, de Enrique Domingo Dussel. Considerando que para aquele filósofo a Filosofia se faz a partir da história, a introdução consta de um breve histórico, tanto do filósofo, como da Argentina, os caminhos que levaram o autor deste trabalho a decidir-se pela pesquisa de Enrique Dussel, bem como a exposição da tese levinasiana sobre Outro metafísico e sua influência na teoria de dusseliana. Apresenta, ainda, o sentido e método da destruição a que Enrique Dussel se refere em suas obras, destacando seu método analético de destruição da história da Ética, o qual parte do resgate dos conteúdos de eticidade existentes nas altas-culturas, anteriores ao mundo helenístico, atinge a Grécia Antiga, o medievo, o mito da Modernidade e a contemporaneidade, sempre tendo em vista a responsabilidade diante do Outro, fundamento da Ética da Libertação e da Justiça. Aborda principalmente a crítica dusseliana a Sócrates, Platão e Aristóteles, na Grécia Antiga; Agostinho de Hipona e Tomás de Aquino no medievo; Descartes, Kant e Hegel, no período Moderno; Heidegger, Rorty, Habermas, Taylor e Apel do período contemporâneo.Na parte final apresenta sua proposta para uma sociedade fundada no amor-de-justiça, a partir das categorias humanas fundamentais, Erótica, Pedagógica e Política. Seguindo o método analético de destruição, apresenta a leitura dusseliana de cada uma dessas categorias ao longo dos séculos, indica os pontos críticos de cada período que levam à injustiça e vitimação da periferia e ressalta os desvios que essas categorias têm sofrido ao longo dos séculos, a necessidade de reestruturação e os caminhos possíveis para alcançar esse fim

Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude du modèle d’accrochage en environnementfaiblement corrélé. Le modèle d’accrochage s’applique à de multiples situationstelles que la localisation d’un polymère au voisinage d’une interface unidimensionnelle,la transition de mouillage ou encore la dénaturation de l’ADN, le pointcommun étant la présence d’une transition entre une phase localisée et une phasedélocalisée.Nous commençons par donner un aperçu des résultats disponibles sur lescourbes et exposants critiques pour le modèle homogène puis pour le modèledésordonné lorsque le désordre est une suite de variables aléatoires indépendanteset identiquement distribuées (i.i.d.). Dans ce dernier cas, nous donnons égalementune borne sur la courbe critique quenched à haute température, dans un régimeoù le désordre est dit pertinent.Nous étudions ensuite le modèle d’accrochage désordonné dans le cas où ledésordre est gaussien et les corrélations ont une portée finie, à l’aide de la théoriedes processus de renouvellement markoviens. Nous donnons dans ce cas une expressionde la courbe annealed à l’aide de la plus grande valeur propre d’une matricede transfert ainsi que l’exposant critique annealed. Nous généralisons ensuite lescritères de pertinence et de non pertinence du désordre prouvés dans le cas i.i.d.Nous nous intéressons ensuite à des désordres dont les corrélations ont uneportée de corrélation infinie. Dans un premier temps, nous généralisons la démarcheutilisée dans le cas d’une portée de corrélations finie et obtenons le comportementcritique annealed dans le cas d’un désordre gaussien sous des hypothèses dedécroissance forte des corrélations. Nous utilisons pour cela les propriétés spectralesdes opérateurs de transfert pour des décalages sur des suites d’entiers etdes potentiels à variations sommables. Dans un deuxième temps, nous donnonsquelques résultats dans le cas où le désordre est donné par une chaîne de Markov. / In this dissertation we study the pinning model with weakly correlated disorder.The pinning model applies to various situations such as localization of a polymernear a one-dimensional interface, wetting transition and DNA denaturation, whichall display a transition between a localized phase and a delocalized phase.We start by giving a survey of the available results concerning critical pointsand exponents, first for the homogeneous setup and then for the inhomogeneousone, in the case when disorder is given by a sequence of independent and identicallydistributed (i.i.d.) random variables. In the latter case, we also provide a hightemperaturebound on the quenched critical curve in a case of relevant disorder.We then study the random pinning model when disorder is gaussian and hascorrelations with finite range, using the theory of Markov renewal processes. Weexpress the annealed critical curve in terms of the largest eigenvalue of a transfermatrix and we give the annealed critical exponent. We then generalize the criteriafor disorder relevance/irrelevance that were proved for the i.i.d. case.Next we are interested in disorder sequences with infinite range correlations.At first we generalize the method used to deal with finite range correlations andobtain the annealed critical behaviour in the case of gaussian disorder assumingfast decay of correlations. We use to this end the spectral properties of transferoperators for shifts on integer sequences and potentials with summable variations.Secondly we provide some results when disorder is a Markov chain.