The motivation for this study is based on the inclusion of social marketing actions in the business model of small businesses. Whether these initiatives arise from social scrutiny or leaders¿ commitment, they provide a return by improving positioning, reinforcing customer service and, in short, boosting sales. Without doubt, both academic and business literature has recognized such policies and the returns provided for large companies. Swayed by this, some small retailers have willingly adopted similar policies, carrying out actions recognized by some stakeholders that have a positive influence on their buying decision. This study discusses the strategic and social model's key levers as encouragement for the rest of the companies in the non-adopting group which keep on operating at the mercy of consumer trends monopolized by category leaders. / La motivación del estudio se fundamenta en la incorporación de las acciones de marketing social -o responsabilidad social corporativa en el ámbito comercial y de marketing- en los modelos de negocio y en la comunicación del pequeño comercio por ser aquéllas beneficiosas para la comunidad y para la empresa. Se trata de un homenaje a un colectivo en ocasiones desamparado, a merced del entorno y a las tendencias de un consumo acaparado por los líderes de categorías. Un colectivo en el que la subsistencia familiar dificulta genuinamente una profesionalización por justificar. Para ello, partimos de la definición más amplia de la responsabilidad social corporativa y de planificación y gestión empresarial. Concretamos nuestra investigación en el apartado de la gestión de empresas de grandes y pequeños correspondiente al marketing estratégico, donde deberían residir los aspectos comerciales de la RSC, el marketing social. Analizamos el estado de situación del pequeño comercio catalán a través de las magnitudes económicas, empresariales y de responsabilidad social, incorporando la discusión sobre los factores y limitaciones que afectan a la adopción heterodoxa de iniciativas de marketing estratégico con causa social. El consenso literario sobre la bondad de incorporar y comunicar este tipo de acciones en los modelos de negocio contrasta con la irregular y apocada adopción en los pequeños. Sean aquéllas fruto del escrutinio social o por iniciativa de las personas de vértice, existe retorno a través de la notoriedad, se afianza el posicionamiento, repercute en el servicio al cliente y, en definitiva, se incrementan las ventas. Y cada vez más los consumidores discriminan positiva o negativamente su consumo de las marcas según la aptitud de su marketing social. La sociedad lo reclama y la extensa literatura ratifica su impacto comercial positivo, siempre que se comunique. Sin embargo, por ausencia de recursos económicos, por desconocimiento o por falta de compromiso, su adopción en el pequeño comercio es abrumadoramente tímida. Centramos nuestra atención en un segmento de la pequeña y mediana empresa, el pequeño comercio, la tienda o grupo de tiendas de barrio que en suma no sobrepasen los 49 trabajadores, con aspectos de gestión comunes a los medianos pero con una idiosincrasia única ligada a la personalidad del propietario. Apuntamos al comercio de barrio -acotándolo geográficamente en Cataluña- en base al propósito de exhortar al pequeño a la inclusión de políticas sociales en sus modelos de negocio que han sido incontestables para los grandes tanto en la literatura académica como empresarial. Para ello, escogemos una muestra de juicio de 150 comercios catalanes en distintas categorías del comercio cotidiano y con página web. Exploramos cualquier indicio de acción sobre marketing social que realice. Los comercios que cuentan con página web comunican su misión, sus acciones sociales, su identidad, su oferta. Los que no cuentan con página web refuerzan la tesis y corroboran la literatura existente. La ausencia de comunicación se aproxima a la ausencia de adopción, por cuanto es la sociedad quien debe percibir los beneficios sin perjuicio de determinados impactos blandos en la implementación de acciones sociales. Posteriormente, realizamos entrevistas personales a aquellos comercios más intensivos en responsabilidad social. Sobre los resultados, discutimos las palancas clave del modelo de negocio estratégico-social del segmento que dispone de RSC voluntariosa aunque poco estandarizada, como apostolado para el colectivo -mayoritario- de pequeños comercios no adoptantes

134f. / Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-09T13:31:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Raquel O Silva.pdf: 3688910 bytes, checksum: 3e0135b4a0a355ed282dd9fa9e48b09c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela (anapoli@ufba.br) on 2013-10-30T17:46:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Raquel O Silva.pdf: 3688910 bytes, checksum: 3e0135b4a0a355ed282dd9fa9e48b09c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-30T17:46:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Raquel O Silva.pdf: 3688910 bytes, checksum: 3e0135b4a0a355ed282dd9fa9e48b09c (MD5) / FAPESB / O objetivo dessa pesquisa é investigar a atuação dos Comitês Populares Democráticos dos bairros de Salvador, enquanto componentes da política de massas do PCB (Partido Comunista do Brasil), de 1945 a 1947, procurando analisar o desenvolvimento dos mesmos na capital baiana, em meio a um contexto de pós-guerra e de redemocratização. Foi realizada uma comparação dos programas dos Comitês Populares Democráticos dos bairros de Salvador, no intuito de verificar o nível de autonomia entre esses núcleos, variação nas reivindicações entre os organismos e o grau de independência partidária e ideológica, pretendida pelos comunistas. Também se conferiu a maneira pela qual os comunistas procuraram organizar a população dos bairros soteropolitanos, nos Comitês Populares Democráticos, em defesa das necessidades imediatas da população nos locais de moradia. E, finalmente, foram abordadas as campanhas financeiras empreendidas pelos Comitês e o modo pelo qual esses organismos se situaram dentro da linha política de ―ordem e tranquilidade‖, adotada pelo PCB.This research aimed to investigate the performance of the Popular Democratic Committees of the districts of Salvador, as components of the PCB (Brazilian Communist Party) actions among the masses during the years 1945-1947, searching to analyze their development in the capital of the state of Bahia, amid a context of post-war and democratization. A comparison of the programs of the Popular Democratic Committees of the districts of Salvador was made, in order to evaluate the level of autonomy between these nuclei, variation in claims between organisms and the degree of political and ideological independence, sought by the Communists. Attention was also paid to the way by which the communists attempted to organize the population of the districts of Salvador into the Popular Democratic Committees to fight for the immediate needs of the population in its places of residence. Finally, we have discussed the financial campaigns undertaken by the Committees and the way by which these organisms were included within the policy line of "order and tranquility," adopted the PCB in those years. / Salvador

Mass/360 is computer music in the sense that the audio tape was realized with a computer language for digital synthesis. This tape is combined with traditional choral and instrumental forces, and demonstrates only one technique available for the use of computers in composition. The work displays a number of elements which afford both unity and contrast. The arch span of the whole is supported by timbral, melodic, rhythmic, and textural parameters. Recurring events include tone clusters, chant-like melodies, angular melodies, and counterpoint. Special vocal effects are found in all movements, and the large scale tonicizing effect of the movement from f to b-flat gives the composition a sense of direction over a long temporal span. The single pitch (doubled unison/octave) arises as the major event in the work, and other events are generated from this element. The use of different formal designs within each movement corresponds to the natural textual divisions found in the liturgy, and affords a contrast from one movement to the next. The relationship of the Gloria/Qui Tollis to the Sanctus/Benedictus, which is not a mirror relation, contrasts with the chiastic design of the whole. Traditional contrapuntal devices juxtaposed against contemporary vocal techniques and the use of diversified timbres from movement to movement add variety to the composition. Controlling parameters in the Mass are timbral, harmonic, textural, and formal. Rhythmic and melodic parameters are of surface importance, and not considered in the higher structural levels of the composition. This particular handling of musical parameters as elements of unification and diversification is the foremost structural force at work in Mass/360.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:33:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-03-24. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:47:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000825926.pdf: 7141282 bytes, checksum: 32bb0e8b499321c636f40eef71e9f402 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) / FAPESP: 2009/54672-4 / FUNDUNESP: 1214/2010-DFP

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-19T12:59:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BARTOLOMEU JORGE DA SILVA - TESE (PPGEP) 2012.pdf: 6329226 bytes, checksum: ee082ac88e7b97ca751012c45cc0fe2e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-19T12:59:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BARTOLOMEU JORGE DA SILVA - TESE (PPGEP) 2012.pdf: 6329226 bytes, checksum: ee082ac88e7b97ca751012c45cc0fe2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-22 / Atualmente o setor produtivo de cerâmica vermelha utiliza dois ciclos de queima, lento e rápido. No entanto, o ciclo lento, o mais utilizado pelos ceramistas brasileiros, chega muitas vezes a períodos de 24 a 48 horas de duração, acarretando demora na produção e, consequentemente, maior consumo de energia térmica, mais demanda de combustíveis e a geração de resíduos e poluentes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influencia da taxa de aquecimento sobre a microestrutura e propriedades de peças obtidas a partir de massas empregadas na obtenção de produtos da cerâmica vermelha. Para tanto, foram utilizadas matérias-primas provenientes de olarias dos Estados da Paraíba e do Rio Grande do Norte. As massas foram beneficiadas e posteriormente submetidas às seguintes caracterizações: físicas, químicas, mineralógica, granulométrica e térmica. Os corpos de prova foram conformados por extrusão, em seguida submetidos a queima em temperaturas de 800, 900 e 1000 ºC e taxas de aquecimento de 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 30ºC/min, permanecendo na temperatura máxima durante 1 hora. Por fim foram avaliadas as seguintes propriedades: densidade aparente, retração linear, absorção de água e resistência à flexão, também foi avaliada a cor de queima. As massas cerâmicas apresentaram teores de óxidos e plasticidade de acordo com as utilizadas para a produção de produtos da cerâmica vermelha. As peças obtidas com a massa contendo menores teores de óxido de ferro e óxidos alcalinos, quando submetidas às taxas de aquecimento mais rápidas apresentaram melhor estabilidade e propriedades tecnológicas. Através da analise mineralógica dos pós, após a etapa de queima pode-se observar picos característicos das fases quartzo, mulita, anortita, hematita e mica. As superfícies de fratura das peças queimadas apresentaram morfologias caracterizadas por texturas rugosas, presença de poros interconectados e isolados, trincas e partículas de quartzo. Para as maiores taxas de aquecimento foi possível observar a presença de poros maiores e regiões com aspecto esponjoso, característico da presença do defeito denominado “coração negro”. / Currently the production of red ceramic industry uses two firing cycles, slow and fast. However, the low rate is more used in traditional ceramic, periods often reached 24-48 hours, causing delay in the production and therefore increased consumption of thermal energy. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of heating rate on the microstructure and properties of parts obtained from masses used to obtain products of red ceramic. For this purpose, it was used clay masses provided by two red ceramics industries from the state of Paraíba and one from the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The masses were humidified, until reaching the adequate plasticity, remained in rest for 24 hours, and then were submitted to the process of extrusion. Then they were sintered in a laboratory electrical oven, at temperatures of 800, 900 and 1000oC, with different heating rates: 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30oC/min. After the sintering stage it was determined the following properties: water absorption, linear shrinkage, apparent porosity and mechanical bending resistance in three points. The color after firing also was evaluated. The oxide contents and plasticity presented in the ceramic masses are consistent with the ones used for the production of red ceramics. Parts obtained from the mass containing smaller amounts of iron oxide and alkali oxides, when subjected to heating rates faster showed better stability and technological properties. It can be observed for the three temperatures, the presence of characteristic peaks for quartz, mica anorthite, illite, hematite and mullite. The fracture surfaces of the parts were characterized by rough textures, presence of isolated and interconnected pores, cracks and quartz particles. For higher heating rates was possible to observe the presence of larger pores and regions with spongy characteristic.

Orientador: Adilson Fransozo / Coorientador: Fúlvio Aurélio de Morais Freire / Banca: Gustavo Monteiro Teixeira / Banca: Giovana Bertini / Banca: Valter José Gobo / Banca: Rogério Caetano da Costa / Resumo: Não disponível / Abstract: Not available / Doutor

O estudo das estruturas de bandas de energia representa um ponto fundamental no entendimento de alguns fenômenos no âmbito da física do estado sólido, tais como luminescências e transporte, entre outros. Estas estruturas podem ser obtidas de diversas formas: através de medidas experimentais, tais como ARPES,1 ou por modelos teóricos.24 Os modelos teóricos se dividem entre métodos ab initio, como o cálculo DFT,5 e métodos efetivos, como o k.p.6, 7 A abordagem DFT é viável para sistemas que vão de poucos átomos (como por exemplo, materiais bulk ) até centenas de átomos (ou mesmo milhares, com restrições quanto às aproximações necessárias). Para sistemas confinados, por ser necessária uma grande quantidade de átomos, o custo computacional torna-se inviável. No método k.p, por outro lado, as interações são descritas por parâmetros em um Hamiltoniano na forma matricial, geralmente fazendo uso de conceitos de simetria e da Teoria de Grupos. Esses parâmetros, entretanto, são obtidos de forma externa à teoria, através de estruturas de bandas pré-calculadas por outros métodos teóricos ou medidas experimentais. A literatura, porém, não apresenta um método de obtenção dos parâmetros k.p para qualquer estrutura cristalina, inviabilizando a construção de novos Hamiltonianos k.p. Outro detalhe é que, mesmo para os Hamiltonianos existentes, a literatura não apresenta parâmetros para todos os materiais, limitando o número de sistemas que podem ser estudados aos materiais cujos parâmetros foram publicados. Neste trabalho propomos um método geral para obter os parâmetros k.p, que consiste em realizar um fitting entre funções originadas na equação secular do Hamiltoniano e combinações das energias provenientes das estruturas de bandas pré-calculadas. Aplicamos o método a estruturas de bandas calculadas via DFT para o GaAs na fase zinc blende e para o InAs na fase wurtzita, obtidas por meio de colaborações. Utilizamos o GaAs zinc blende para testar o método desenvolvido, comprovando sua eficiência e confiabilidade. Devido aos bons resultados obtidos com o mesmo, aplicamos o método ao InAs wurtzita, que não possui parâmetros k.p na literatura, obtendo-os com sucesso. / The study of energy band structures is a key point in the understanding of some phenomena in solid state physics, such as luminescence and transport, among others. Among the different ways of obtaining the band structure can be determined experimentally by ARPES,1 or by theoretical models.24 The theoretical models are divided into ab initio methods such as DFT calculations,5 and effective methods such as k.p.6, 7 The DFT approach is feasible for systems ranging from few atoms (such as bulk materials) to hundreds of atoms (or thousands, if the necessary approximations are performed). To treat confined systems, as a consequence the large number of atoms required, the computational cost becomes prohibitive. In k.p method, on the other hand, the interactions are described by parameters in a Hamiltonian in its matrix form, usually making use of concepts of symmetry and Group Theory. These parameters are obtained externally to theory using pre-calculated band structures by other theoretical methods or experimental measurements. The literature, however, does not present a method of determination of k.p parameters for a general crystal structure, preventing the construction of new k.p Hamiltonians. Furthermore, even for existing Hamiltonian, the literature has no parameters for all materials, limiting the number of systems that can be studied to the number of materials whose parameters have been published. In this work, we propose a general method to obtain the k.p parameters, which consists in performing a fitting of the functions originating from the secular equation of the Hamiltonian and the combined energies from the pre-calculated band structures. We applied the method to band structures calculated via the DFT for the zinc blende phase GaAs and for wurtzite phase InAs, obtained through collaborations. We use the zinc blende GaAs to test the developed method, proving its efficiency and reliability. Due to the good results, we applied the same stencil to successfully obtain InAs wurtzite k.p parameters, not listed in the literature.

Este trabalho pretende discutir alguns elementos presentes nas figuras de Sócrates e Adolf Eichmann tal como descritos por Hannah Arendt. A aparentemente indecorosa aproximação ganha sentido por meio da noção arendtiana de pensamento, que encontra em Sócrates seu modelo e cuja falta caracteriza Eichmann. Para tanto, reconstruímos a crítica arendtiana à modernidade por meio da ideia de alienação do mundo, que acompanha a modernidade desde seu nascimento passando pelo período do imperialismo e culminando na sociedade de massas, da qual Eichmann pode ser tomado como exemplo concreto. Em contraposição, discutimos Sócrates como exemplo de pensador ainda não marcado pela hostilidade que, segundo Arendt, nossa tradição filosófica estabeleceu contra a política. Por fim, discute-se a inacabada teoria arendtiana do juízo, atividade intimamente relacionada ao pensamento e que certamente permitiria a Eichmann uma resposta mais consistente à pergunta: por que não entrar para a SS? / This work intends to discuss some of the elements concerning Socrates and Adolf Eichmann as described by Hannah Arendt. The apparently inappropriate rapprochement reveals its sense through Arendts idea of thinking, to which Socrates provides a model and the lack of which marks Eichmann. In order to let our point clear, we reconstruct Arendts criticism against modernity focusing on the idea of world alienation, present in modernity since its beginning, through the whole period of imperialism and reaching its peak in modern mass societies, of which Eichmann can be seen as a concrete model. On the other hand, we discuss Socrates as an example of thinker whose activity is still free from the hostility that, according to Arendt, our tradition of political philosophy established against politics. At last, we discuss the Arendts unfinished theory of judgment, activity closely related to thinking and that certainly would provide Eichmann a more consistent answer to the question: Why not join the SS?

Measuring masses of long-period planets around F, G, and K stars is necessary to characterize exoplanets and assess their habitability. Imaging stellar astrometry offers a unique opportunity to solve radial velocity system inclination ambiguity and determine exoplanet masses. The main limiting factor in sparse-field astrometry, besides photon noise, is the non-systematic dynamic distortions that arise from perturbations in the optical train. Even space optics suffer from dynamic distortions in the optical system at the sub-mu as level. To overcome this limitation we propose a diffractive pupil that uses an array of dots on the primary mirror creating polychromatic diffraction spikes in the focal plane, which are used to calibrate the distortions in the optical system. By combining this technology with a high-performance coronagraph, measurements of planetary systems orbits and masses can be obtained faster and more accurately than by applying traditional techniques separately. In this paper, we present the results of the combined astrometry and and high-contrast imaging experiments performed at NASA Ames Research Center as part of a Technology Development for Exoplanet Missions program. We demonstrated 2.38x10(-5) lambda/D astrometric accuracy per axis and 1.72x10(-7) raw contrast from 1.6 to 4.5 lambda/D. In addition, using a simple average subtraction post-processing we demonstrated no contamination of the coronagraph field down to 4.79x10(-9) raw contrast.

Le mouvement des masses molles est à la fois une source d'erreur en analyse cinématique et une source d'information en analyse de la dynamique articulaire. Leur effet sur la cinématique peut être numériquement minimisé et leur dynamique estimée seulement par la simulation car aucune méthode numérique ne permet de distinguer la cinématique des masses molles de celle de l'os. Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire propose de développer une méthode numérique pour distinguer ces deux cinématiques. Une méthode d'optimisation locale a d'abord été utilisée pour évaluer le mouvement des masses molles et comparée à l'os pour valider celle-ci. Les résultats ont montré une inadaptation de la méthode locale à évaluer quantitativement et analyser le mouvement des masses molles. L'incapacité de cette méthode vient du fait qu'elle ne prend pas en compte l'ensemble des composantes du mouvement des masses molles. Un modèle numérique du membre inférieur a été développé dans la seconde étude pour considérer l'ensemble de ces composantes. Ce modèle assure le calcul de la cinématique articulaire du membre inférieur et estime un plus grand mouvement des masses molles à partir du déplacement total des marqueurs. Ce déplacement de marqueur est plus le fait d'une composante à l'unisson que d'une composante propre du mouvement des masses molles. Cette composante à l'unisson induit un mouvement commun des marqueurs par rapport à l'os. Ce mouvement commun permet ainsi de déduire la cinématique des masses molles autour des axes anatomiques des os modélisés. Cette méthode numérique permet ainsi de distinguer la cinématique de l'os de celle des masses molles offre une perspective d'étudier leur dynamique. / The movement of wobbling mass is the major source of error in kinematic analysis and a source of information in joint kinetic analysis. The effect on joint kinematic can numerically be minimized and their kinetic estimated using numerical model because there is no numerical method able to distinguish the wobbling masses kinematic from bones kinematic. The work presented in this thesis aims to develop a numerical method to distinguish those two kinematics. Firstly, a local optimisation method was used to assess the movement of wobbling mass and was compared to the bone in order to validate this numerical method. Results show maladjustment of the local method to assess quantitavely and analyze the movement of wobbling mass. The inability of this method is caused by the fact it cannot take in account all component of the movement of wobbling mass. A numerical model has been developing in the second part in order to consider all these components. This model insure similar joint kinematics, provides a bigger estimate of the movement of wobbling mass from marker displacements. This marker displacements is more induced by an unison component rather a own component of the movement of wobbling mass. The in unison component induce a common displacement of markers relative to the bones. This common movement allows to infer the kinematic of the wobbling mass in regard to anatomical axes of the modelled bones” This numerical method allows to distinguish the kinematic of bones and the kinematic of wobbling mass, and offers a perspective to investigate their kinetic.