Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elton Frederick Souza.pdf: 880420 bytes, checksum: fee7ec7f2a3ffe4b646599c40b6e98b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-14 / This research Bolivarism and Chavism: similarities, mystification and paradoxes intend to make a rescue of the political thought of Simon Bolivar in order to examine how the president of Venezuela, Hugo Chavez, appropriates the legacy of The Liberator . The symbolic expression of Bolivar is analyzed in the light of a reflection on the role of political myths in modern societies. Despite a presumed rationalization of contemporary political life, the myths still present themselves as powerful instruments for the maintenance of consensus and, as in the case of Hugo Chavez, to legitimize and give substance to an alleged proposal to break. Beyond this symbolic dimension, the research aims to answer whether there is indeed a material correspondence between the Bolivarian ideas and the political project undertaken by the Venezuelan president. The hypothesis is that the mythical legacy of Bolivar plays a key role in the Chavez project, but the relationship between Simon Bolivar and Hugo Chavez does not end only in the symbolic plan. Finally, it reflects the relationship of both with the people , indicating that there is, in this particular aspect, a paradoxical component: Chavez subverts the impressions of Bolivar on the masses for supposedly implement the Liberator Hispanic American unfinished project / A pesquisa Bolivarismo e Chavismo: aproximações, mitificação e paradoxos se propõe a fazer um resgate do pensamento político de Simón Bolívar para analisar de que forma o presidente da Venezuela, Hugo Chávez, se apropria do legado do Libertador. A expressão simbólica de Bolívar é analisada à luz de uma reflexão sobre o papel desempenhado pelos mitos políticos nas sociedades modernas. A despeito de uma presumida racionalização da vida política contemporânea, os mitos ainda se apresentam como vigorosos instrumentos para a manutenção de consensos e, como no caso de Hugo Chávez, para legitimar e dar substância a uma suposta proposta de ruptura. Além desta dimensão simbólica, a pesquisa se propõe a responder se há, efetivamente, uma correspondência material entre o ideário bolivariano e o projeto político levado a cabo pelo presidente venezuelano. A hipótese deste trabalho é que o legado mítico de Bolívar desempenha um papel determinante no projeto chavista, mas que a relação entre Simón Bolívar e Hugo Chávez não se encerra no plano exclusivamente simbólico. Por fim, reflete-se sobre a relação de ambos com o povo , apontando que há, neste aspecto particular, um componente paradoxal: Chávez subverte as impressões de Bolívar acerca das massas para, supostamente, pôr em curso o projeto inacabado pelo Libertador da América hispânica

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:53:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elton Frederick Souza.pdf: 880420 bytes, checksum: fee7ec7f2a3ffe4b646599c40b6e98b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-14 / This research Bolivarism and Chavism: similarities, mystification and paradoxes intend to make a rescue of the political thought of Simon Bolivar in order to examine how the president of Venezuela, Hugo Chavez, appropriates the legacy of The Liberator . The symbolic expression of Bolivar is analyzed in the light of a reflection on the role of political myths in modern societies. Despite a presumed rationalization of contemporary political life, the myths still present themselves as powerful instruments for the maintenance of consensus and, as in the case of Hugo Chavez, to legitimize and give substance to an alleged proposal to break. Beyond this symbolic dimension, the research aims to answer whether there is indeed a material correspondence between the Bolivarian ideas and the political project undertaken by the Venezuelan president. The hypothesis is that the mythical legacy of Bolivar plays a key role in the Chavez project, but the relationship between Simon Bolivar and Hugo Chavez does not end only in the symbolic plan. Finally, it reflects the relationship of both with the people , indicating that there is, in this particular aspect, a paradoxical component: Chavez subverts the impressions of Bolivar on the masses for supposedly implement the Liberator Hispanic American unfinished project / A pesquisa Bolivarismo e Chavismo: aproximações, mitificação e paradoxos se propõe a fazer um resgate do pensamento político de Simón Bolívar para analisar de que forma o presidente da Venezuela, Hugo Chávez, se apropria do legado do Libertador. A expressão simbólica de Bolívar é analisada à luz de uma reflexão sobre o papel desempenhado pelos mitos políticos nas sociedades modernas. A despeito de uma presumida racionalização da vida política contemporânea, os mitos ainda se apresentam como vigorosos instrumentos para a manutenção de consensos e, como no caso de Hugo Chávez, para legitimar e dar substância a uma suposta proposta de ruptura. Além desta dimensão simbólica, a pesquisa se propõe a responder se há, efetivamente, uma correspondência material entre o ideário bolivariano e o projeto político levado a cabo pelo presidente venezuelano. A hipótese deste trabalho é que o legado mítico de Bolívar desempenha um papel determinante no projeto chavista, mas que a relação entre Simón Bolívar e Hugo Chávez não se encerra no plano exclusivamente simbólico. Por fim, reflete-se sobre a relação de ambos com o povo , apontando que há, neste aspecto particular, um componente paradoxal: Chávez subverte as impressões de Bolívar acerca das massas para, supostamente, pôr em curso o projeto inacabado pelo Libertador da América hispânica

A formação de águas profundas na Antártica afeta diretamente o clima global, uma vez que este processo conecta os ramos superior e inferior da circulação termohalina global (MOC). Avaliar os impactos das mudanças climáticas nestes processos é importante para compreensão do transporte global de calor pelos oceanos e para realização de projeções climáticas. Aplicando a forçante interanual Coordinated Ocean-Ice Reference (CORE), foi realizada uma simulação de 60 anos (1948-2007) utilizando o ROMS com módulos de gelo marinho e plataforma de gelo ativos. Uma rodada preliminar de 100 anos foi realizada com forçante do ano normal CORE, para gerar campos estáveis de inicialização da rodada interanual. Para ambos os experimentos adotou-se uma grade circumpolar periódica com resolução variável, alcançando cerca de 5 km na borda sul. Para investigar as massas de água foi aplicada a Análise Multiparamétrica Ótima - OMP. As principais massas de água do Mar de Ross foram identificadas: Água de Superfície Antártica (AASW), Água Circumpolar Profunda (CDW), Água de Fundo Antártica (AABW) e Água de Plataforma (SW), posteriormente separadas em Água da Plataforma de Gelo (ISW) e Água de Plataforma de Alta Salinidade (HSSW). Os resultados são consistentes com observações prévias (Bergamasco, 2002; Orsi & Wiederwohl, 2009; Budillon, 2011). A simulação interanual sugere que o Oceano Austral vem sofrendo um processo de aquecimento e diminuição de salinidade. Houve um aumento do calor advectado pela CDW e uma diminuição da salinidade das águas de plataforma e da AABW, consistente com as observações de Johnson & Doney (2006). A capacidade do modelo regional ROMS de reproduzir as águas de plataforma ISW, HSSW e a AABW é uma importante contribuição para estudos climáticos, visto que os modelos globais não conseguem representar tais processos. A inclusão de parametrizações explícitas dos processos de gelo marinho e plataforma de gelo capacita o ROMS para reproduzir os processos associados a criosfera, possibilitando a obtenção de projeções mais realísticas. / Dense water formation around Antarctica is recognized as a significant process that significantly impacts the global climate, since that\'s where the linkage between the upper and lower limbs of Global Thermohaline Circulation takes place. Assessing whether these processes may be affected by rapid climate changes and all the eventual feedbacks is crucial to fully understand the ocean heat transport and to provide quality future climate projections. Applying the Coordinated Ocean-Ice Reference (CORE) interannual forcing we have run a 50-year simulation (1948-2007) using ROMS with a new sea ice/ice shelf thermodynamics module. Another 100-year simulation forced with CORE normal year was previously run to provide stable starting fields. The normal year consists of single annual cycle of all the data that are representative of climatological conditions over decades and can be applied repeatedly for as many years of model integration as necessary. The 60-year forcing has interannually varying data from 1948 to 2007, which allows validation of model output with ocean observations. Both experiments employed a periodic circumpolar variable resolution grid reaching less than 5 km at the southern border. By applying the OMP water masses separating scheme, we were able to identify the main Ross Sea water masses: Antarctic Surface Water (AASW), Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) and Shelf Water (SW), further separated into Ice Shelf Water (ISW) and High Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW). Results are consistent with previous observational studies (Bergamasco, 2002; Orsi & Wiederwohl, 2009; Budillon, 2011). The interannual simulation indicates that the Southern Ocean is becoming warmer and less salty. The CDW poleward heat transport increased while shelf waters salinity as well as the AABW salinity decreased during the simulation period, consistent with Johnson & Doney (2006), who have reported the export of less dense AABW. ROMS capability to represent ISW, HSSW and AABW is an important contribution to climate studies, since IPCC class models seem unable to provide reliable representations of such important processes, which may lead to projections of more realistic scenarios. This is significantly improved in this study by including more explicit sea ice/ice shelf parameretization. ROMS is able to reproduce cryosphere-linked mechanisms of dense water formation around Antarctica.

La cellulose est un biopolymère naturel et très abondant. Selon son origine et son mode d’extraction, elle présente des propriétés de cristallinité et de longueur de chaînes variables. Les interactions hydrogène entre les chaînes de cellulose sont en grande partie responsables de son organisation et forment un réseau très dense qui limite sa solubilité. Sa dissolution, complète et non-dégradante, est donc compliquée et dépend de la capacité du solvant à rompre ces liaisonshydrogène intermoléculaires. L’analyse de la cellulose par chromatographie d’exclusion stérique (SEC) pour suivre l’évolution des distributions de masses molaires (DMM) au cours des procédés de transformation est donc toujours problématique. Le système de solvant le plus commun estactuellement le chlorure de lithium/N,N-diméthylacétamide (LiCl/DMAc) qui est extrêmement toxique. L’objectif de ce travail est le développement d’une méthode d’analyse des DMM de la cellulose dans des conditions moins toxiques et adaptée à tous les types de cellulose. Parmi les nombreux systèmes de solvant décrits dans la littérature, 3 systèmes, plus verts et nondérivatisants, ont été sélectionnés afin d’identifier un système de solvant permettant la dissolution,sans dégradation, d‘échantillons de cellulose de cristallinité et de masse molaire moyenne variables afin de remplacer LiCl/DMAc. Les analyses thermogravimétriques et les mesures viscosimétriques ont permis d’évaluer et de comparer les modifications de 4 échantillons de cellulose dissous dans ces 3 systèmes et dans le LiCl/DMAc. LiCl/DMAc dégrade les celluloses de plus haute masse molaire (-cellulose et Vitacel), réduisant de 50 % les longueurs de chaîne après dissolution. Le système tétrabutylammonium/diméthylsulfoxide (TBAF/DMSO) permet une dissolution rapide des 4 échantillons de cellulose sans dégradation ou modification majeure. Le système TBAF/DMSO a, par la suite, été privilégié pour la caractérisation des échantillons en SEC. Du fait d’interactions possibles entre les groupements aromatiques composant la phase stationnaire et les molécules de TBAF, le système complet n’a pas pu être utilisé comme éluant. L’éluant choisi a donc été le DMSO mais qui, seul, ne solubilise pas les échantillons cellulosiques. Les molécules de TBAF sont cependant indispensables au mécanisme de dissolution et laconcentration en TBAF dans le DMSO a dû être adaptée en fonction des échantillons. Pour les échantillons cellulosiques de faible masse molaire, une concentration en TBAF de l’ordre de 1 %(m/v) est suffisante et permet de réaliser une analyse des masses molaires satisfaisantes. Pour les échantillons de plus haut poids moléculaire, cette concentration n’est plus suffisante pour les dissoudre convenablement. Or, avec des concentrations plus élevées, des phénomènesd’agrégation provoque l’élution d’une partie importante des macromolécules dans le volume mort, comme observé avec l’analyse de standards de pullulane. / Cellulose is a very abundant natural biopolymer. According to its origin and to its extraction mode, it presents various cristallinity rate and molar mass. Its organization relies mainly on intermolecular hydrogen bonds that form a strong network and thus limitating cellulose solubility. Complete andnon-degradative dissolution is then complicated and depends on the solvent ability to disrupt these hydrogen bonds. Analysis of the molar mass distribution (MMD) of cellulose by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) of cellulose is consequently problematic while the study of the evolution of cellulose molar mass during transformations could be extremely useful in many processes. The most common solvent used in SEC is lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc), which is extremely toxic. The aim of this PhD study is then to develop a new analytical method to characterize cellulose MMD using safer solvents and adapted to all kinds of cellulosic sample. Among the numerous non-derivatizing solvent systems described in the literature, three of themhave been selected. Greener and less toxic than LiCl/DMAc, their ability to dissolve cellulosic sample of various cristallinity and average molar mass without degradation was then tested. Thermogravimetric analyses and viscosimetric studies allowed to evaluate and to compare the modifications involved by the dissolution for four different cellulosic samples. LiCl/DMAc degraded the samples of higher molar mass (-cellulose and Vitacel) decreasing their degree ofpolymerization by 50 % after dissolution. Tetrabutylammonium/dimethylsulfoxide (TBAF/DMSO) system allows rapid dissolution of the 4 cellulose samples, without major degradation or modification. TBAF/DMSO system was then studied as solvent for SEC analysis of these cellulose samples. Due to the interactions between the aromatic groups composing the stationary phase with TBAF molecules, the complete system could not be used as eluant. Chosen eluant was then DMSO alone. However, as the TBAF molecules are mandatory for the dissolution of cellulose, TBAF concentration was adapted according to the cellulose nature for the preparation of the samples. For low molar mass cellulose samples, a TBAF concentration of 1 %(w/v) was sufficient and allowed to performed correctly the chromatographic analysis. For the samples of higher molar mass, this concentration was not high enough to complete the dissolution. Using, higher concentrations caused aggregation phenomena resulting in the elution of a large amount of the macromolecules in the dead volume, as observed with the analysis of pullulan standards.

O trabalho aqui apresentado utiliza dados da fugacidade de CO2 (fCO2) coletados por onze cruzeiros oceanográficos no Oceano Atlântico Sudoeste (OAS) que fazem parte do banco de dados do SOCAT para analisar a variabilidade espacial da fCO2 e as principais variáveis relacionadas a suas variações. Foram utilizados dados do satélite AQUA para se estudar a fCO2 sobre os campos médios mensais de temperatura da superfície do mar (TSM) e concentração de clorofila. Também foram utilizados dados de reanálise para descrever os campos de vento e pressão atmosférica em superfície durante o período de cada cruzeiro. Através dos dados de vento em superfície foram calculados os campos de bombeamento de Ekman. Os resultados demonstram que a principal variável responsável pelas variações da fCO2 foi a TSM (em geral com coeficiente de correlação r>0,8) e que as distintas massas d'água na região apresentam diferentes fCO2, sendo que as massas d'água mais quentes apresentam valores mais elevados que as mais frias. As águas da Pluma do Rio da Prata apresentam uma fCO2 que chega a ser ate 1,5 vezes maior que as outras massas d'água. Descreve-se, pela primeira vez no OAS, a importância de se considerarem os padrões de vento em superfície (através do bombeamento de Ekman) e não somente os valores de TSM e concentração de clorofila para uma melhor análise da fCO2 em relação às massas d'água no OAS. / The work presented here uses CO2 fugacity data (fCO2) collected by eleven oceanographic cruises in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SAO) that are part of the SOCAT database to analyze the spatial variability of the fCO2 and the main variables related to its variations. AQUA satellite data were used to study the fCO2 over the monthly averaged sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll concentration fields. Reanalysis data were also used to describe the wind and surface atmospheric pressure fields during the period of each cruise. Through the surface wind data, the Ekman pumping fields were calculated. The results show that the main variable responsible for fCO2 variations was SST (in general with a correlation coefficient r> 0.8) and that the different water masses in the region present different fCO2, with the warmer water masses presenting higher values than the cold ones. The waters of the La Plata Plume present a fCO2 that is up to 1.5 times higher than the other water masses. It is described for the first time in OAS the importance of considering the surface wind patterns (through Ekman pumping) and not only the values of SST and chlorophyll concentration for a better analysis of fCO2 in relation to the water masses in the OAS.

O presente trabalho tem como foco o fenômeno das facções criminosas brasileiras surgidas nas últimas décadas. A pesquisa aborda os fatores que garantem a solidariedade e o gregarismo entre os membros desses grupos. O objeto do trabalho, portanto, está nos mecanismos de formação e de coesão das organizações sociais delinqüentes brasileiras. O objetivo central da pesquisa reside na proposição de uma explicação para a formação e para a coesão das facções criminosas brasileiras desde uma óptica interdisciplinar, culminando na elaboração de propostas político-criminais decorrentes dessa proposição. Para tanto, o trabalho tem como corte metodológico uma aproximação entre a realidade das facções e a psicanálise; centra-se a abordagem teórica nos textos sociais de Freud e, sobretudo, em sua obra Psicologia das massas e análise do ego, em que o autor dedica-se a explicar o funcionamento da solidariedade em grupos sociais. Assim, em um primeiro momento, traça-se um panorama de todo o pensamento criminológico a fim de que se faça um inventário das várias abordagens criminológicas sobre a criminalidade de grupo. A seguir, apresenta-se o fenômeno das facções, contextualizando-o na realidade brasileira. Por fim, apresenta-se ao leitor a psicologia das massas freudiana, aplicando-se o ferramental teórico apresentado ao fenômeno das facções. / La présente étude se foque sur la phénomène des factions criminelles brésiliennes surgies au cours des dernières décades. La recherche aborde les facteurs qui garantissent la solidarité et le grégarisme parmis les membres de ces groupes. Lobjet de létude, alors, est situé aux mécanisme de formation et de cohésion des organisations sociales délinquantes brésiliennes. Lobjectif central de la recherche se trouve à la proposition dune explication à la formation et à la cohésion des factions criminelles brésiliennes à partir dune optique interdisciplinaire, arrivant à lélaboration des propositions de politique-criminelles. Pour ça, létude a, comme choix méthodologique, une aproximation de la réalité des factions à la psychanalyse; labordage théorique est centrée aux textes sociaux de Freud et, surtout, à son oeuvre Psychologie des masses et analyse du moi, loeuvre dans laquelle lauteur se dedique à expliquer le fonctionnement de la solidarité dans les groupes sociaux. Donc, dans un premier moment, on trace un panorama de la pensée criminologique afin de faire un inventaire des plusieurs abordages criminologiques sur la criminalité de groupe. Après, on présente la phénomène des factions, en la contextualisant dans la réalité brésilienne. À la fin, on presente au lecteur la psychologie des masses freudienne, en aplicant loutillage théorique presentée à la phénomène des factions.

Dans le Pacifique sud-ouest, le cheminement des eaux depuis la gyre subtropicale vers l'équateur est réalisé via les courants de bord ouest (WBCs), associés à des changements de température ou de quantité d'eau à di?érentes échelles de temps. La mer des Salomon située au sud de la Pa- pouasie Nouvelle-Guinée est considérée comme une région clé pour étudier les WBCs juste avant qu'ils rejoignent l'équateur. Dans le cadre d'une collaboration internationale, deux campagnes en mer ont été réalisées en mer des Salomon pendant deux périodes contrastées de la saison des alizés (Juillet-Août 2012 et Mars 2014). En Juillet-Août 2012, pendant la saison de forts alizés, les WBCs transportent 36 ± 3 Sv à travers l'entrée sud de la mer des Salomon depuis la surface jusqu'à 1000 m de profondeur, mais seulement 11 ± 3 Sv en Mars 2014 (réduction de 70%) quand les alizés faiblissent. Les WBCs sont associés à des propriétés de masses d'eau distinctes qui subissent d'importantes modifications au cours de leur passage en mer des Salomon. En dessous de 2000 m de profondeur, l'Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) est tracée depuis le bassin de Fidji et la fosse de la Nouvelle-Calédonie avant d'entrer en mer des Salomon, asso- ciée à un transport de masse de 2 à 3 ± 2 Sv. L'étude préliminaire des mouillages au niveau des détroits de sortie a permis d'identifier une modulation de l'intensité et de la structure ver- ticale des WBCs en relation avec la variabilité saisonnière des alizés. Les eaux de thermocline entre les différents mouillages varient généralement de manière cohérente et en phase à l'échelle intra-saisonnière et saisonnière. / The Low Latitude Western Boundary Currents (LLWBCs) of the Southwest Pacific establish a major connection between the subtropics and the equator. They are believed to play a key role in heat and mass budgets of the equatorial Pacific and cross, as a final passage, the Solomon Sea southeast of Papua New Guinea. As part of a France-U.S. collaboration, two oceanographic multidisciplinary cruises were conducted in the Solomon Sea during contrasting trade wind sea- sons, in July-August 2012 and March 2014 to characterize currents, water properties and their modifications. During July-August 2012, the season of strong southeasterly trade winds, an in- tense flow of 36 ± 3 Sv from the surface down to 1000 m is entering the Solomon Sea, that falls by 70% to 11 ± 3 Sv in March 2014 when the winds over the sea are weaker. The LLWBCs are associated with distinct water mass properties across the Solomon Sea that can be tracked along their pathways, and undergo significant modifications between the southern entrance and the northern exits of the sea. Below 2000 m, the Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) has been traced from the New Caledonia Trench and the South Fiji Basin into the Solomon Sea, associ- ated with a volume transport of 2-3 ± 2 Sv. Preliminary analyses of the mooring array in each major exit channel indicate large time variability of the LLWBCs in both =intensity and vertical extent, where thermocline pathways vary in most cases, coherently and in phase at intraseasonal to seasonal time scales.

A vibration isolator is designed to reduce the vibration and structure borne noise transmitted from a vibratory source, such as machinery and equipment, to the supporting structure. The vibration and structure borne noise transmitted depends upon the dynamic properties of the foundation, the source mounting point and the vibration isolator. Therefore knowledge of the frequency dependent dynamic properties of vibration isolators is a necessary part of the acoustic prediction and control/reduction process. Vibration isolators may be characterised by measuring their four-pole parameters. A measurement procedure is proposed that employs the floating mass method, measures the direct forces and corrects for the errors introduced by the direct force measurement. Compared to the basic method, it extends the frequency limits of measurement in both directions. The development of a novel vibration isolator test facility that implements the proposed measurement procedure is described, and its satisfactory operation is experimentally demonstrated. The vibration isolator test facility is capable of characterizing vibration isolators commonly used in industrial and maritime applications, under service conditions. A method is proposed for measuring the four-pole parameters of a uni-directional asymmetrical vibration isolator under static load. The method is called the two masses method, and is suitable for determining the four???pole parameters of active vibration isolators with feedback control. The method is also applicable to uni-directional symmetrical and bi-directional symmetrical and bi-directional asymmetrical vibration isolators. It may be regarded as a universal method for characterising vibration isolators. Experimental data is presented and the method is validated. Modelling of vibration isolators is complicated by the highly non-linear nature of their rubber elements. The notion of an effective rubber cylinder is proposed to account for the barrelling of rubber elements under static load. Consequently, a general static compression model is proposed that applies to vibration isolators having unfilled and filled rubber elements of regular prismatic shapes. The model predicts the dependence of the four-pole parameters on the compression ratio of the rubber element. The predictions derived from the effective rubber cylinder and general static compression model agree excellently with experimental work of this study and other researchers.

Lors de la phonation, des phénomènes complexes mettent en jeu des interactions entre l'écoulement d'air provenant des poumons, les cordes vocales et des résonateurs acoustiques (trachée, conduit vocal et nasal). Cette thèse se focalise sur la validation expérimentale d'un des modèles de cordes vocales les plus utilisés: le modèle à deux masses. Les interactions de ce modèle avec l'écoulement d'air et les résonateurs acoustiques sont d'abord décrites théoriquement. Des outils d'analyses des descriptions théoriques permettant d'en extraire des paramètres pertinents en parole sont explicités. Un banc expérimental, basé sur des maquettes de cordes vocales, est ensuite utilisé pour tester la validité des prédictions théoriques obtenues avec le modèle. Enfin, deux exemples d'applications de l'utilisation du modèle à deux masses et ses interactions sont donnés.

L'intérêt pour la modélisation et la commande des engins volants s'est accru de manière significative au cours de ces dernières années. La complexité et les possibilités des engins volants s'accroissent rapidement et la gamme des missions qu'elles doivent réaliser se développe. Cependant afin que les drones puissent atteindre ce potentiel, certains défis techniques doivent être surmontés, notamment l'étude et l'intégration de la flexibilité structurelle, la prise en compte des phénomènes aérodynamiques, et l'élaboration de stratégies de commandes adaptées. Le travail présenté s'inscrit dans ce cadre et porte spécifiquement sur deux types de drones : -Les plus légers que l'air : Application à la modélisation et commande d'un dirigeable souple. -Les plus lourds que l'air : Application à la modélisation et commande d'un quadrirotor flexible : le XSF. Nous présentons dans un premier temps un modèle global d'engins volants flexibles autonomes. On admet que ces objets volants subissent de grands déplacements et de petites déformations élastiques. Le formalisme utilisé est basé sur l'approche de Newton-Euler, approche souvent utilisée dans le cas d'objets volants rigides. Dans cette étude nous généralisons le formalisme de corps rigides existant en y incluant l'effet de la flexibilité, sans pour autant détruire la méthodologie globale, et ce au moyen d'une technique hybride lagrangienne-eulerienne. La flexibilité apparaît dans le système dynamique global par le moyen d'un nombre réduit de degrés de liberté supplémentaires issus d'une synthèse modale. Cette technique permet de faciliter par la suite l'élaboration d'algorithmes de commande et de stabilisation. Le phénomène des masses ajoutées est également pris en considération. Une méthode originale de traitement analytique de ce phénomène a été établie pour un corps flexible en grands mouvements. Elle est basée sur la notion de potentiel flexible, et sur le développement de l'énergie cinétique du fluide sous l'effet d'un mouvement global du corps flexible. Cette méthode a permis de mettre en évidence le couplage rigide-flexible dans la matrice des masses ajoutées pour un traitement global d'un dirigeable flexible. On présente aussi le modèle dynamique et aérodynamique du quadrirotor flexible XSF conçu au laboratoire IBISC et destiné à un concours interuniversitaire sur les microdrones. Une technique robuste " Backstepping " est réalisée pour la stabilisation du dirigeable flexible au voisinage d'un point cible. Et une stratégie de contrôle de PID a été proposée pour la stabilisation de l'XSF. La stratégie de commande est contrainte par l'impératif d'optimisation du rapport précision/portabilité, pour que les algorithmes développés puissent être intégrés dans l'informatique embarquée de ces engins volants. Une validation numérique est présentée à la fin du rapport.