Operads are objects that model operations with several inputs and one output. We define such structures in the context of graphs, namely oriented trees. Then we generalize operads to properads and modular operads by taking general graphs with, or without, orientation. Further we construct the cobar complex of operads and properads and illustrate the construction on the examples of the associative operad Ass and the Frobenius properad Frob. Algebras over the cobar complex of operads correspond to certain homotopy algebras, for our example of Ass it is A1. We find its Maurer-Cartan equation and convert it from coderivations to derivations. Similarly we find the Maurer-Cartan equation for cobar complex of Frobenius properad. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy Candidate: Sabina Tanková Supervisor: PharmDr. Daniela Hulcová, PhD. Title of diploma thesis: Alkaloids of the genus Narcissus and their biological activity. Key worlds: Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. cv. Dutch Master, Amaryllidaceae, alkaloids, AChE, BuChE, POP, GSK-3β, biological activity. Alkaloid extract obtained from bulbs of Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. cv. Dutch Master was extracted by ethanol and was purified by liquid-liquid extraction and fractionated by column chromatography to individual fractions. At the end, were obtained 11 pooled fractions, which were used to isolate pure alkaloids. The ND 3-5 / 7 fraction was processed by preparative thin layer chromatography followed by crystallization of pure substances. In total, 5 alkaloid substances of ST1D2, ST1D3, ST2A, ST2B1 and ST3C were obtained from this fraction in various amounts. These substances were determined by GC-MS analysis, NMR analysis and optical rotation. Subsequently, the obtained data were compared with the NIST library spectra and the literature. Isolated substances have been identified as caranine, O-ethyllycorenine, narwedine, pluviine and N-demethylhomolycorine. The alkaloids obtained in sufficient amounts were subsequently subjected to...

Puskásová Dominika: Alkaloids of the Amaryllidaceae family and their biological activity I. Diploma thesis 2019. Charles university in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmacognosy. The aim of this thesis was to isolate alkaloids from herbal extract, which was obtained from Narcissus pseudonarcissus 'Dutch Master' plant. The preparation and column chromatography of the extract were performed by PharmDr. Daniela Hulcová, Ph.D. as a part of her doctoral study. Using the preparative TLC method, 2 alkaloids marked as No.2.1 and 2.2.2 were isolated from the fraction No.4. Their structure was determined by using the NMR, GC-MS analysis and optical rotation. After comparing the data obtained with literature, the compounds were identified as (+)-homolycorine and (+)-masonine. Both homolycorine and masonine were subsequently subject to testing of inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), prolyloligopeptidase (POP) and glycogensynthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β). The activity was expressed as IC50 and was compared to IC50 of the reference substances. Galanthamine (IC50 AChE = 1,7 ± 0,1 μM, IC50 BuChE = 42,3 ± 1,3 μM) and huperzine A (IC50 AChE = 0,033 ± 0,001 μM, IC50 BuChE > 500 μM) were used as standards to compare the inhibitory activity...

Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Pharmacognosy (16-16180) Author: Štefan Kosturko Supervisor: PharmDr. Marcela Šafratová, Ph.D. Advisor: PharmDr. Daniela Hulcová, Ph.D. Thesis title: Alkaloids of the family Amaryllidaceae and their biological activity II. Key words: Narcissus pseudonarcissus dutch master; bulbs; alkaloidal extracts; GC/MS analysis; biological activity; acetylcholinesterase; butyrylcholinesterase. The main aim of the thesis ‚,Alkaloids of the family Amaryllidaceae and their biological activity II.'' was the isolation of alkaloids, as a pure substances, in sufficient quantities to identify their structure and to test their biological aktivity in vitro. Alkaloids were separated from subfraction number 82 - 97 of weigh 2,3268 g. This subfraction was a part of the total plant extract, which was prepared by PharmDr. Daniela Hulcová Ph.D., as a part of her dissertation thesis and who also performed primary extraction and separation work. A total and concentrated alkaloid extract weighing 58 g, which included the aforementioned subfraction, was obtained. The already mentioned alkaloid subfraction, was divided by preparative thin-layer chromatography into five separates, which were subjected to further phytochemical work, and five pure...

The agile working methods have been developed to meet the needs of flexibility, innovation and increased competitiveness of companies. These methods are characterized by a dynamic and self-directing approach to team management. After covid-19, hybrid work has become an established way of working, this means a combination of remote work and work in the office. Despite this, there is a lack of understanding of the challenges these methods can bring to communication within agile teams. The scrum master can be seen as a project manager within agile teams that work with the scrum methodology. One of the scrum master's most important tasks is to be responsible for communication within agile teams. The purpose of this study is thus to deepen the understanding of the communication challenges that scrum masters can face in a hybrid work environment where team members work from home as well as the office. Through semi-structured interviews with scrum masters, this study delves into experiences of communication challenges and how they deal with these challenges. Based on collected empirical evidence, conclusions can be drawn that scrum masters experience communication challenges linked to, spontaneous communication, digital tools, trust, community and problem solving. The overall conclusion in relation to the study's results is that the scrum masters are well aware of the challenges hybrid work entails and what measures they need to take to deal with them. Although the increasing trend of agile teams working within a hybrid context is relatively new, our results indicate that the scrum masters have undergone a learning process to deal with the communication challenges that have arisen. They have identified challenges with the hybrid way of working and implemented a range of measures to address these challenges. / The agile working methods have been developed to meet the needs of flexibility, innovation and increased competitiveness of companies. These methods are characterized by a dynamic and self-directing approach to team management. After covid-19, hybrid work has become an established way of working, this means a combination of remote work and work in the office. Despite this, there is a lack of understanding of the challenges these methods can bring to communication within agile teams. The scrum master can be seen as a project manager within agile teams that work with the scrum methodology. One of the scrum master's most important tasks is to be responsible for communication within agile teams. The purpose of this study is thus to deepen the understanding of the communication challenges that scrum masters can face in a hybrid work environment where team members work from home as well as the office. Through semi-structured interviews with scrum masters, this study delves into experiences of communication challenges and how they deal with these challenges. Based on collected empirical evidence, conclusions can be drawn that scrum masters experience communication challenges linked to, spontaneous communication, digital tools, trust, community and problem solving. The overall conclusion in relation to the study's results is that the scrum masters are well aware of the challenges hybrid work entails and what measures they need to take to deal with them. Although the increasing trend of agile teams working within a hybrid context is relatively new, our results indicate that the scrum masters have undergone a learning process to deal with the communication challenges that have arisen. They have identified challenges with the hybrid way of working and implemented a range of measures to address these challenges.

Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Melanie F. Klein / Non-profit organizations seeking to expand their facilities are often met with difficult challenges. Oftentimes, funds are spent maintaining the grounds and facilities of the organization, reserving little or no funds for future expansions, marketing, or emergencies. Instead, these organizations rely on volunteers and donors. Without the guidance of design professionals, expansions may be developed without the direction of a coherent master plan. Circulation networks may need to be reconfigured, and newly constructed buildings may relate poorly to one another and to existing amenities. Camp Wood is one camp facing these dilemmas. Located in the Flint Hills Region of Kansas, between Wichita and Topeka, Camp Wood is a YMCA organization and primarily functions as a summer youth camp for kids ages 7-17. It is the only camp in America located in the tallgrass prairie. The Flint Hills hold many ecological features that can be seen and experienced. There are also several man-made features that could be implemented to save energy, water, and other resources. With a coherent master plan, these natural and man-made features can help teach ecological concepts to campers. A master plan can organize vehicular and pedestrian networks to unify existing facilities and proposed future developments for Camp Wood. The proposed master plan for Camp Wood is largely guided by a set of desired experiences that each camper will experience during their stay at Camp Wood. There are multiple site factors that influence each of these experiences. Once the program is defined and the program needs are determined, the site factors can be used to determine the most suitable location for the desired program elements. An in-depth analysis for each program element guides each program element’s location and design, allowing for each of the desired experiences to be achieved.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Telemetry format descriptions and engineering unit conversion calibrations are generated in an assortment of formats and numbering systems on various media. Usually this information comes to the central telemetry receiving/processing system from multiple sources, fragmented and disjointed. As present day flight tests require more and more telemetry parameters to be instrumented and processed, standardization and automation for handling this ever increasing amount of information becomes more and more critical. In response to this need, the Telemetry Definition and Processing (TDAP) system has been developed by the Air Force Development Test Center (AFDTC) Eglin AFB, Florida. TDAP standardizes the format of information required to convert PCM data and MIL-STD-1553 Bus data into engineering units. This includes both the format of the data files and the software necessary to display, output, and extract subsets of data. These standardized files are electronically available for TDAP users to review/update and are then used to automatically set up telemetry acquisition systems. This paper describes how TDAP is used to standardize the development and operational test community’s telemetry data reduction process, both real-time and post-test.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study concerns itself with two issues, (i) quality concerns about the MBA and (ii) increasing importance of knowledge management, especially tacit knowledge in the business world. The MBA course of study was established as a measure to prepare individuals aspiring to be managers for leadership positions and was originally targeted at the cream of employees. There are several expectations placed on employees when they are sent by their employers to do an MBA. Among these expectations are that employees are expected to tap into the experience of fellow students while on the program, improve their leadership and management skills, get exposure to knowledge on other fields and to acquire practical business solutions. It is said, though, that the MBA study programme is currently not meeting the desired expectations of the business world, which has, hence, led to the devaluation of this programme as a premier business education course. Conversely, knowledge management has gained significant importance in the recent past, owing to the subsequent empowerment of individuals and organisations to then create a competitive advantage over their rivals. In particular, it has been found that the increasing of tacit knowledge is most crucial for success in this regard. Tacit knowledge resides in the minds of individuals and is acquired after many years through both professional and general life experiences. This valuable knowledge, which is hard to capture, is lost whenever experienced employees leave an organisation, for anyone of various reasons, which may include retirement, change of jobs and/or restructuring . Organisations are, therefore, faced with the challenge of capturing tacit knowledge and then creating an environment where this is freely shared with others within that organisation, to reap the reward and beat any rivals. The objective of this study is to shed more light on tacit knowledge sharing within the MBA study programme and reveal how this action will address concerns relating to the quality of MBA training. In this regard, in this research study an attempt will be made to discover ways of harnessing the tacit knowledge found among the students, to then better the quality of the MBA and increase the value of this study programme. The results of this study did indicate that tacit knowledge is shared among the students in the MBA programme and that it is valuable to the students; that industry related knowledge and professional experience, closely followed by general life experiences, are the most valuable kinds of knowledge gained from fellow students. The sharing of such knowledge usually occurs during group/syndicate activities, with one's fellow students providing the greatest source of the knowledge that one gains. Tacit knowledge is shared equally across the different subject groupings in the MBA study programme, despite prior MBA tacit knowledge being most useful in LeadershiplHR and Strategy courses than in any other. The MBA environment is generally supportive of tacit knowledge sharing. However, a minority of students, mostly women, owing to other students' negative attitudes, find the environment intimidating. Students who participate in the MBA programme possess sufficient prior MBA work experience and higher education qualifications, indicating a wealth of tacit knowledge. The results suggest that business schools must continue to target students who are adequately experienced and who possess higher education qualifications as they are the individuals who possess a wealth of tacit knowledge, which proves to be valuable to all concerned . Additionally, after the value of tacit knowledge in the MBA has been recognised , activities that enhance its sharing are encouraged. The breadth of student experience is crucial to tacit knowledge sharing and, as such, calls for the student recruitment process at business schools to be adjusted accordingly. In addition there is need for the undesirable behaviour of certain students to be kept in check, that valuable tacit knowledge sharing is not missed as a result of intimidation. It is worthwhile noting that, through attraction of students with adequate prior work experience, a higher quality tacit knowledge would be tapped, thereby meeting part of the requirements of the business world for a high quality MBA study programme. In Chapter 1 a general presentation of this subject is presented, and the approach and rationale of the study are explained. In Chapters 2 & 3 an overview of literature relevant to the topic of tacit knowledge management, as well as that of MBA training , is presented. In Chapter 4 the methodology and data gathered are discussed. In Chapter 5 the summary and conclusions of this study are presented and suggestions for future research areas are made. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie handel oor twee sake, naamlik (i) vrae oor die gehalte van die MBA en (ii) die feit dat kennisbestuur al hoe belangriker word, veral ten opsigte van algemene kennis in die besigheidswereld. Die MBA-studiekursus het tot stand gekom om mense wat bestuurders wil wees voor te berei vir leierskapsposisies. Die kursus was oorspronklik gemik op net die beste werknemers. Daar was verskeie verwagtinge ten opsigte van werknemers wat deur hul werkgewers aangesê is om 'n MBA te loop. Daar was die verwagting dat werknemers tydens die kursus uit die ervaring van hul medestudente sou leer, dat hulle hul leierskaps- en bestuursvaardighede sou verbeter, dat hulle blootstelling aan kundigheid uit ander velde sou kry, en dat hulle praktiese oplossings vir besigheidsprobleme sou vind. Daar word beweer dat die MBA-studieprogram nie tans meer aan die verwagtinge uit die besigheidswerêld valdoen nie, en daartoe lei dat die program nie meer as een van die voorste besigheidsopleidingskursusse beskou word nie. Voorts is kennisbestuur deesdae baie belangriker, aangesien sekere persone onlangs bemagtig is, en maatskappye graag 'n mededingende voordeel oor hul konkurrente wil behou. Die feit dat algemene kennis aan die toeneem is, is veral ook belangrik vir suksesvolle kennisbestuur. Algemene kennis is kundigheid wat mense opdoen na baie jare se besigheids- en algemene lewenservaring. Die kennis is waardevol, maar dit is moeilik om vas te lê, en daarom gaan sulke kennis verlore wanneer ervare werknemers 'n maatskappy verlaat, ongeag of dit vanweë aftrede, bedanking of afdanking is. Maatskappye sukkel dus om algemene kennis te behou. Die uitdaging is om 'n omgewing te skep waarin sulke kennis vryelik met ander mense binne die maatskappy gedeel word. Dit is vir die maatskappy voordelig wanneer algemene kennis gedeel word, want dit gee die maatskappy 'n voorsprong oor sy konkurrente. Die doelwit van hierdie studie is om lig te werp op die manier waarop algemene kennis in die MBA-studieprogram gedeel word en te bepaal in watter mate kennisdeling mense se siening oor die gehalte van MBA-opleiding kan verbeter. Die doel van hierdie navorsingstudie is dus om maniere te vind waarop die algemene kennis wat studente het, te benut op 'n wyse wat die gehalte van die MBA verbeter en die waarde daarvan verhoog. Die uitslag van hierdie studie dui aan dat algemene kennis wel deur studente in die MBA-program met mekaar gedeel word en dat dit vir studente nuttig is, dat veral bedryfsverwante kennis en besigheidservaring, maar ook algemene lewenservaring, die waardevolste soort kennis is wat van medestudente verkry word . Sulke kennis word gewoonlik tydens groeps- of sindikeringsaktiwiteite gedeel, en die meeste kennis wat tydens so 'n sessie verkry word, kom trouens van medestudente. Dieselfde hoeveelheid algemene kennis word in al die MBA-studieprogram se vakgroeperings gedeel, hoewel algemene kennis oor die MBA self in die leierskaps-/mensehulpbron- en strategiekursusse belangriker is as in die ander. Die deling van algemene kennis word deur die MBA-omgewing aangehelp. 'n Klein groep studente, veral vroue, beleef die omgewing egter as intimiderend, as gevolg van ander studente se negatiewe houdings. Aangesien studente wat aan die MBA-program deelneem, voldoende MBA-verwante werkservaring en hoëronderwys-kwalifikasies het, kan 'n mens aanneem dat hulle oor heelwat algemene kennis beskik. Die uitslag dui daarop dat sakeskole steeds op studente moet fokus wat voldoende ervaring het en wat oor hoëronderwys-kwalifikasies beskik, aangesien hulle heelwat algemene kennis het, wat vir alle betrokkenes nuttig is. En wanneer sakeskole eers besef watter waarde algemene kennis vir die MBA het, moedig hulle gewoonlik aktiwiteite aan wat die deling van algemene kennis bevorder. As studente nie aan 'n verskeidenheid ervarings blootgestel word nie, sal die deling van algemene kennis daaronder ly, en dit moet in gedagte gehou word wanneer sakeskole oor die werwing van studente besluit. Die ongewenste gedrag van sekere studente moet ook in toom gehou word sodat intimidasie nie daartoe lei dat algemene kennis nie gedeel word nie. Wanneer sakeskole studente werf wat oor voldoende werkervaring beskik, word daar maar algemene kennis gedeel, en dit laat die program voldoen aan die vereistes wat die sakewereld stel vir 'n MBA-studieprogram van gehalte. In hoofstuk 1 word die onderwerp omskryf, en die redes en veronderstellings van die studie word uiteengesit. Hoofstuk 2 en 3 bevat 'n literatuuroorsig oor kennisbestuur van algemene kennis en oor MBA-opleiding. Hoofstuk 4 is 'n bespreking van die metodologie en data wat in die studie versamel is. Hoofstuk 5 beval 'n opsomming en gevolgtrekking van die studie, en voorstelle word gemaak vir toekomstige navorsing.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 1999. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Few lecturers – my mentor is an excellent example of those few – treasure the joy and satisfaction of their students. In order to maximize the joy associated with elective subjects (this should be one of the highlights of the MBA course), a procedure was developed that will schedule electives in such a way that the maximum number of students will be satisfied completely. This procedure harnesses the power of the modern computer and solves the problem with brute force. The computing part of the process takes less than 10 minutes. A very high level of student satisfaction (the highest level possible) is guaranteed with the correct use of this procedure. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Weinig dosente – my mentor is ‘n uitstekende voorbeeld van daardie enkeles – stel die vreugde en bevrediging van hul studente eerste. Ten einde die vreugde uit keusevakke te maksimeer (dit behoort een van die hoogtepunte van die MBA kursus te wees), is ‘n prosedure ontwikkel wat keusevakke so skeduleer dat die maksimum aantal studente daardeur bevredig word. Hierdie prosedure span die krag van die moderne rekenaar in deur die probleem met brute krag op te los (akademiese kragtoerjie??). Die verwerking van die probleem deur die rekenaar duur minder as 10 minute. ‘n Hoë vlak van studentebevrediging (die hoogste vlak haalbaar) word gewaarborg deur die korrekte gebruik van hierdie prosedure.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The University of Stellenbosch Business School integrates environmental, social responsibility and corporate governance teaching in all its MBA courses. In 2012, it also introduced a stand-alone course, Business in Society, to improve students‟ knowledge of these topics and improve their decision-making ability. To enhance the course further, a social engagement project was piloted with the 2013 full-time cohort. The aim of the research paper is to determine the impact that the Social Engagement Project had on the participating students and to make recommendations for improving future engagements. The research method employed was content analysis of the reflective essays that the students wrote on assessing the course. Only essays for which permission was obtained from the students were used in the research. The success of the engagement in terms of experiential learning was firstly determined in relation to the Kolb learning cycle and literature regarding specifically service-learning. The impact on the students was then measured against Bloom‟s taxonomy, specifically focusing on the affective domain. Lastly, the effect the theory of planned behaviour was used to determine the influence the engagement had on the behavioural intentions of the students. From the content analysis it was determined that as an experiential learning engagement the project was a success In terms of Bloom‟s affective learning domain the learning dimension achieved by most students was the organisation dimension. Considering the limited duration of the course, this can be deemed a success. Two of the three independent determinants in the theory of planned behaviour that could be analysed, namely perceived behavioural control and attitude towards behaviour, were both positively influenced by the engagement. From a theoretical point of view, the Social Engagement Project could therefore be deemed a success. Areas for improvement that were however identified relate to students original motivations for choosing their projects that were not met. The main reason for this was very high initial expectations that were never congruent with the time available for projects. This factor can have a negative effect on the future behavioural intentions of the students, and the writer therefore proposes that the expectations of students be managed in order to obviate these shortcomings. The analysis of student recommendations revealed three main themes requiring attention, i.e. appropriate project identification, better time allocation, and improved support from faculty. Using these themes and the information learnt from the content analysis, final recommendations were made.