Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree in Master in Technology: Marketing, Technikon Natal, 2003. / Managed care is defined by Chetty (1999: 1) as "the practice of evidence based medicine with an approach to managing both the quality and cost of medical care". Managed care was introduced into South Africa in the last decade due to increasing cost of healthcare. All forms of managed care represent attempts to control costs by modifying the behaviour of general practitioners. / M

Financial analysis and methods, intercompany comparison, recomendation for management

Thesis - Marketing Communications in Pharmaceutical Industry - consists of two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part presents the various attributes of marketing communication, together with the marketing mix. In detail, the work will focus on the 4P - product, price, distribution and marketing communication. Each of these attributes will be related to the specific environment of the pharmaceutical industry. In this section we outline the history of the pharmaceutical industry and learn the basic information about the State Institute for Drug Control. We describe the mission and activities of these organizations - Czech Association of Pharmaceutical Companies, Association of the Innovative Pharmaceutical Industry. The practical part focuses on the relationship between the pharmaceutical industries and medical experts. The aim is to determine compliance with codes of ethics of pharmaceutical companies, including ethical aspects of advertising / promotion in the Czech Republic.

Purpose: To investigate possible connections between an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) system, such as Predix, and data driven Lean practises. The aim is to examine if an IIoT platform can improve existing practises of Lean, and if so, which Lean tools are most likely influenced and how this is.Design/Methodology: The paper follows a phenomenon-based research approach. The methodology contains of a mix of primary and secondary data. The primary data was obtained through “almost unstructured” interviews with experts, while the secondary data comprises of a comprehensive review of existing literature. Moreover, a model was developed to investigate the connections between the concepts of IIoT and Lean.Findings: Findings derived from expert interviews at General Electric (GE) in Uppsala have led to the conclusion that Predix fulfils the necessary requirements to be considered an IIoT platform. However, the positive effects of the platform on the selected Lean tools could not be found. Only in one instance improved Predix the effectiveness of a Lean tool. Overall, data analytic efforts are performed and let to better in-process control. However, these efforts were independent from the Lean efforts carried out. There was no increase in data collection or analytics due to the Lean initiative and Predix is not utilised for data collection, storage, or analysis. It appears that the pharmaceutical industry is fairly slow in adapting new technologies. Firstly, the high regulatory requirements inherent within the pharmaceutical industry limit the application of cutting edge technology by demanding strict in-process control and process documentation. Secondly, the sheer size of GE itself slows down the adoption of new technology. Lastly, the pragmatic approach of the top management to align the digital strategies of the various industries and thereof resulting allocation of resources to other more technologically demanding businesses hinders the use of Predix at GE in Uppsala.

This thesis focuses on the comparison and evaluation of two entry strategies of international pharmaceutical company Fagron on the Czech and Brazilian market. In the theoretical part the internationalization of companies and possible approaches to international business is summarized. I closely describe the most significant forms of entering foreing markets with emphasis on selected impacts of FDI to the receiving economy. Then I describe the basic analyses required to enter foreing market together with specifics of B2B markets and the specific scope of business of the company -- pharmaceutical compounding. After the introduction of company Fagron and its expansion strategy Buy-and-Build I proceed with the analyses of particular entry strategies on the selected markets with the emphasis on their strategic goals, specific impacts and meeting the goals. This part draws from carried out in-depth analyses of the selected markets, which were moved to the appendices due to the limited scope of work. In the last chapter the above-mentioned market entries are compared, with the focus on the most important similarities and differences, and subsequently evaluated.

The goal of this Masters Thesis is to analyze three selected industry sectors in the Czech Republic and in Germany. Concretely the industries in focus are engineering, motor vehicle manufacturing and finally pharmacy along with bio- and nanotechnology. Furthermore, factors limiting but also supporting the industry development are identified and described in the Thesis. In the Thesis, analytical instruments will be used, especially the SWOT analysis and benchmarking. The Thesis is mainly intended for managers, employees, consultants and all other direct or indirect interest groups of both Czech and German industry companies and their suppliers but also for potential investors who are deciding whether to enter a market in the CEE region.

Orientador: João Eduardo de Moraes Pinto Furtado / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T20:18:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Radaelli_Vanderleia1977-_M.pdf: 1695703 bytes, checksum: b5fb9c7709eec560328997829b830c9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A presente dissertação trata da indústria farmacêutica e das transformações estruturais na sua cadeia de valor, que têm produzido impactos variados entre os atores e instituições que a integram. Centrado na análise das atividades tecnológicas, o trabalho busca entender em quais situações a descentralização rumo a países em desenvolvimento ocorre e em quais a centralização é reforçada. A conclusão ressalta que alguns padrões e condutas consolidados foram sendo alterados de modo a permitir que pequenas empresas passassem a integrar estratégias articuladas de pesquisas. Nesse novo quadro, a oferta e a demanda de conhecimento científico unem agentes com diferentes atribuições e recursos. Estratégias de outsourcing internacional mostram uma flexibilização relativa nas barreiras à entrada, o que possibilita em alguma medida, inserção de pequenas empresas em nichos tecnológicos específicos. No entanto, a pesquisa realizada com grandes empresas farmacêuticas mostra que iniciativas de descentralização de atividades tecnológicas ainda são hesitantes e pontuais. Estados Unidos, Europa e Japão detêm juntos a maior porção desses seletivos investimentos / Abstract: The present dissertation handle deals with to the pharmaceutical industry and the structural transformations in its chain of value, that have produced impacts varied between the actors and institutions that integrate it. Centered in the analysis of the technological activities, the work searchs to understand in which situations the decentralization route the developing countries occurs and in which the centralization is strengthened. The conclusion standes out that some consolidated standards and behaviors had been being modified in order to allow that small companies started to integrate articulated strategies of research. In this new picture, it offers and the demand of scientific knowledge joins agents with different attributions and resources. Strategies of outsourcing international show a relative flexibilization in the barriers to the entrance, what it makes possible in some measure, insertion of small companies in specific technological niches. However, the research carried through with great pharmaceutical companies sample that initiatives of decentralization of technological activities still are hesitates and prompt. United States, Europe and Japan withhold together the biggest portion of these selective invest / Mestrado / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Masters of Science / The role corporate social responsibility (CSR) plays amongst employees is underrated within the pharmaceutical industry, which focuses predominantly on external stakeholders and financial gain. The impact of CSR on these internal stakeholders is thus important in an industry that relies on its employees to deliver on medicine development and accessibility. Aim This study aimed to identify employee perceptions of CSR within the pharmaceutical industry. Method An online quantitative questionnaire was shared via email amongst 80 employees of amultinational pharmaceutical company’s group corporate office. Questions were based on CSR activity influencing employee motivation, impacting employee productivity, and the extent to which CSR allowed for value alignment. Results The 91.7% response rate proved results were credible. Results indicated that 78.8% of employees believed CSR strategies created motivation amongst them, with 57.6% of employees stating CSR motivated them be more productive. Open-ended questions reiterated this, further proving that employees felt inclusive CSR strategies led to a positive impact on productivity. Moreover, 96.9% of employees viewed CSR as an opportunity to align company and employee values, yet only 63.6% thought the pharmaceutical company committed to achieving this. Discussion and Conclusion The findings therefore allow pharmaceutical companies to reanalyse their business models and improve business strategies to consider employee perspectives when implementing CSR. As motivation, productivity and value alignment increases, the workforce within the pharmaceutical industry is positively influenced. The study thus concluded that CSR is a powerful force in bringing about progressive change within the pharmaceutical industry.

The topics of value propositions and service innovation have been highly interesting topics within service-dominant logic. Something that has not been studied in previous research, and the purpose of this thesis, is to investigate; how current value propositions restrict service innovation by restricting digital resource utilization. These restrictions on service innovation could sometimes result in casualties, for example caused by adverse drug reactions, which is one reason why this research question is important. The method used in this thesis is a case study analysis on a pharmaceutical company, which was produced by conducting qualitative interviews and creating a thematic analysis. The analysis is based on empirical material and the literature on value propositions and service innovation. Service innovation is restricted when different practices that constitute the value proposition are restricted in their use of digital resources. The specific restrictions are regulations, inadequate understanding of digital resources' benefits, complexity of implementing digital resources, measuring difficulties, and comfort and protection of current practices. / Ämnena värdeerbjudande och tjänsteinnovation har varit av högt intresse inom tjänstelogiken. Något som inte har studerats i tidigare forskning, och syftet med denna studie, är att undersöka; hur nuvarande värdeerbjudande hindrar tjänsteinnovation genom att hindra utnyttjandet av digitala resurser. Dessa hinder av tjänsteinnovation kan i vissa fall leda till dödsfall vilket är en anledning till att forskningsfrågan är viktig. Metoden i denna uppsats är en fallstudie av ett läkemedelsföretag, som genomfördes genom kvalitativa intervjuer och en tematisk analys. Analysen i uppsatsen är baserad på litteratur om ämnet värdeerbjudande och ämnet tjänsteinnovation. Uppsatsen visar att tjänsteinnovation hindras när företagets värdeerbjudande hindras från att inkorporera digitala resurser. De specifika hindren studien visar är; reglering, bristande förståelse för fördelarna med digitala resurser, komplexitet vid implementering, mätproblem, och bekvämlighet och beskyddande.

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Candidate: Matěj Rücker Supervisor: Ing. Martin Drastík, Ph.D. Title: Stevia rebaudiana - food and pharmaceutical industry applications The first part of this thesis deals with the description of the plant and its substances, the most important are steviolglycosides, especially stevioside and rebaudioside A. In the following chapter, the toxicity and safety are evaluated, which is directly related to the use of stevia and steviolglycosides in food and pharmaceutical practice. In the next part, the utilization in the food industry and connected legislation is described. The harmfulness of the refined sugar is outlined as well. Application in the pharmacy is not so widespread, therefore this chapter deals primarily with the effects of steviolglycosides. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and steviolglycosides have great potential to replace sugar and other sweeteners. Due to their beneficial effects, they are very popular among researchers, so we can look forward to their widespread application in food and pharmaceutical industry in the near future. Key words: steviolglycosides, stevioside, rebaudiosede A, sugar, pharmaceutical industry, food industry