Com um quinto da água doce do planeta, o sistema fluvial da Amazônia apresenta um enorme potencial para piscicultura. De acordo com a FAO, em função das suas condições geográficas, o Brasil é um dos poucos países que tem condições de atender à crescente demanda mundial, podendo tornar-se um dos maiores produtores de peixes do mundo. A observação desse potencial amazônico motivou o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa que se debruça sobre a questão da competitividade da cadeia produtiva de Arapaima gigas, o pirarucu da Amazônia brasileira. As pesquisas de campo levaram ao mapeamento de duas cadeias: a cadeia extrativista e a piscicultura. A abordagem sistêmica permitiu a verificação das características dos atores e as bases sob as quais as transações se estabelecem. À luz da teoria das restrições foram identificados os gargalos que impedem a competitividade do sistema, inclusive alertando para os recursos com restrição de capacidade. Comprovou-se que a falta de uma cadeia produtiva devidamente organizada pode provocar graves prejuízos a determinados elos, enquanto outros membros aproveitam-se de ações oportunistas para ampliar suas margens de lucro. Da mesma forma, a ausência de uma cadeia produtiva completa impede a fixação do valor gerado na região de origem das matérias-primas. No entanto, também foi possível comprovar que há possibilidade de desenvolver o extrativismo atribuindo valor econômico aos recursos naturais e gerando renda para a comunidade local. Além de apresentar o panorama do setor na região delimitada, este estudo culminou em reflexões capazes de orientar políticas públicas para o desenvolvimento de cadeias produtivas completas na região da Amazônia brasileira. / With roughly a fifth of the planet\'s fresh water, Amazon fluvial system has a huge potential for fish farming. According to FAO, Brazil is one of the few countries that is able to meet the growing global demand and could become one of the world\'s largest fish producer. This research was motivated by the acknowledge of this huge potential. The focus of analysis is related to the competitiveness of the Arapaima gigas productive chain, a large fish called the \"pirarucu of Brazilian Amazon\". Field research led to the mapping of two distinct chains: the extractivism-based chain and fish farming chain. The systemic approach allowed the researcher to gain knowledge on players individual characteristics and on the ground under which the transactions are established. In light of the theory of constraints it were identified some bottlenecks that hinder system competitiveness, including a warning against some resources with capacity constraint. It was found also that the lack of a properly organized production chain can cause serious damage to certain links, while other members take opportunistic advantage. Likewise, the absence of a complete production chain prevents locals to properly accrue all value generated in the region of origin of the raw materials. However, it was also possible to demonstrate that it is possible use the economic potencial of Amazonian Region delivering economic value to local community. In addition, this study also contributes ellaborating some reflections to support public policies concerned with the development of a complete production chain in Brazil\'s Amazon region.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:10:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernanda.pdf: 756095 bytes, checksum: d71d2fe80fb4ed12bd1db79e4ca8e398 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-30 / This paper presents a mathematical model and a computational algorithm based on the Theory of Constraints (TOC), using techniques of discrete event simulation by a tooling production, achieving a reduction of the production cycle, allowing better use of equipment. This work demonstrates that the application of TOC in a manufacturing environment simulated using discrete event techniques is feasible for companies such as study, when these schedule changes proposed by the software to improve their production processes. The work demonstrates a mathematical model for the task and its algorithm. It is an experimental, quantitative, with the goal of an applied nature explanatory and deductive methods. The system helps improve the solutions continuously to exhaust the possibility of eliminating bottlenecks. One major benefit is the reduction of risk of erroneous changes made without the simulation. Random variables are used to simulate time and product waste. The work shows the results in production orders four different scenarios that simulate real, obtaining improvements in processing time. It also presents a statistical study showing how the simulator presented is efficient in terms of results. At the end concludes that the proposed model is feasible for the environment studied, limited to one cycle of analysis based on TOC, and this application is part of a larger system, outside the context of this. / Este trabalho foi elaborado dentro de uma empresa de desenvolvimento de software na cidade de Manaus. Esta empresa desenvolve sistemas para fábricas em várias cidades do Brasil. O presente trabalho apresenta um modelo matemático e um algoritmo computacional baseado na Teoria das Restrições (TOC), utilizando técnicas de eventos discretos, por meio da simulação da produção de uma ferramentaria, obtendo redução do ciclo de produção, permitindo melhor uso dos equipamentos. O trabalho demonstra que a aplicação da TOC em um ambiente de produção simulada utilizando técnicas de eventos discretos é viável para empresas como a estudada, quando estas programam as alterações proposta pelo software para melhoria de seus processos produtivos. O trabalho demonstra um modelo matemático para a tarefa e seu algoritmo. É uma pesquisa experimental, quantitativa, de natureza aplicada com objetivo explicativo e métodos dedutivos. O sistema ajuda a aprimorar as soluções continuamente até exaurir a possibilidade de eliminar gargalos. Um dos maiores benefícios é a redução dos riscos de alterações equivocadas realizadas sem a simulação. São usadas variáveis aleatórias para simular tempos e produtos refugados. O trabalho evidencia os resultados em quatro ordens de produção que simulam diferentes cenários reais, obtendo melhorias no tempo de processamento. Também é apresentado um estudo estatístico demonstrando quanto o simulador apresentado é eficiente do ponto de vista dos resultados. Ao final conclui que o modelo proposto é viável para o ambiente estudado, limitando-se a um ciclo de análise com base na TOC, sendo que esta aplicação é parte de um sistema maior, fora do contexto deste.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:11:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Claudia Moxoto.pdf: 748499 bytes, checksum: 79ddfb97f7a28eaddce5f2a8804814ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / One of the management decisions more complex and important to the success of the company is determining the mix of products to be sold and manufactured. The product mix directly influences business competitiveness. The information system of management accounting to make the connection between the actions of local managers and profitability. It is necessary that this measure properly the impact of local decisions on the overall performance of the organization. This study aimed to verify the implementation of Accounting Earnings, tool of the Theory of Constraints (TOC), to calculate the result of a financial company in the metallurgical industry, trying to analyze the relevance of it in management decisions. For teaching purposes, the simulations were done through scenarios which examined the various proposed solutions to the problems encountered, such as determining the mix of sales. It is possible that, by accounting earnings, decisions aimed at profitability and profitability of the company and due to the simple understanding by managers of production, can assist in making day-to-day manufacturing. Correctly measure the impact of local decisions on the overall performance / Uma das decisões gerenciais mais complexas e importantes para o sucesso da empresa é a determinação do mix de produtos a ser vendidos e fabricados. O mix de produtos influencia diretamente a competitividade empresarial. O sistema de informação de contabilidade gerencial deve fazer a conexão entre as ações locais dos gestores e a lucratividade da empresa. É necessário que este meça corretamente o impacto de decisões locais no desempenho global da organização. Objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a aplicação da Contabilidade de Ganhos, ferramenta da Teoria das Restrições (TOC), para apuração resultado do financeiro de uma Empresa do ramo metalúrgico, buscando analisar a relevância da mesma na tomada de decisões gerenciais. Para fins didáticos, as simulações foram feitas através de cenários onde se analisou as várias propostas de solução para os problemas encontrados, tal como determinação do Mix de Vendas. Verificou-se que é possível, através da contabilidade de ganhos, a tomada de decisões orientadas para rentabilidade e lucratividade da empresa. Esta ferramenta é de simples entendimento pelos gestores de produção, podendo assim auxiliar em decisões do dia-a-dia da manufatura

O agronegócio brasileiro é responsável por uma parcela considerável da produção mundial de alimentos, sendo as frutas, especialmente as citrícolas, as que apresentam maior consumo. Neste contexto, as laranjeiras representam 55% da área cultivada de citros. O estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) é o sexto maior produtor nacional de laranja, onde é possível identificar na cadeia produtiva a presença de todos os elos, tais como fornecedores de insumos, produtores de mudas, produtores de frutas, indústrias de produção de suco, dentre outros. Muitos são os gargalos que impossibilitam uma coerência e estruturação na cadeia de produção dessa cultura já que a plantação é predominantemente familiar e desenvolvida em pequenas propriedades e o escoamento é feito em grande parte para os intermediários e não para a indústria. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as principais restrições existentes nos elos da cadeia produtiva da laranja no RS do ponto de vista dos “atores chave” através de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo exploratória descritiva. Os participantes, escolhidos por amostra não probabilística e por conveniência, foram "atores chave" do elo produtivo (produtores rurais), comercialização (intermediários) e processamento (indústrias) da cadeia produtiva da laranja. A coleta de dados foi realizada por entrevista semiestruturada nas propriedades rurais, em feiras hortícolas e nas indústrias processadoras. As entrevistas foram organizadas, analisadas e interpretadas com auxilio do software QDA Miner 4.0. Em conjunto com a análise interpretativa temática, o pesquisador valeu-se também da Teoria das Restrições. A possibilidade de pensar nos problemas de maneira lógica e sistêmica, no qual a teoria das restrições está baseada, reduz a necessidade de adivinhação na interpretação dos resultados, estabelecendo uma coerência no crescimento da cadeia, correlacionado os “atores chave” e identificando os entraves de maior impacto. Conclui-se através da caracterização dos “atores chave” a importância de cada um para a cadeia produtiva da laranja. A partir dos dados primários foram identificadas as restrições - Mercado, Logística, Capacitação e Incentivos Governamentais - que mais obstruem o crescimento na produção da fruta no RS e suas causas. Perceberam-se, também, semelhanças quanto às perspectivas dos “atores chave” na cadeia produtiva da laranja. Portanto, torna-se necessário integrar os atores - agricultores, intermediários, indústria, poder público, órgãos de extensão rural, universidades e centros de pesquisa, para que possam propor e executar ações concretas que venham a modificar o atual cenário da produção de laranja no RS. / Brazilian agribusiness is responsible for a considerable portion of the world food production, and fruits, specially citrus fruits, are those with the highest consumption. In this context, the orange is the main species in citrus culture, corresponding to 55% of the cultivated area. The state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) is the sixth largest producer of orange in Brazil, where is possible to identify in the productive chain the presence of all the links, such as input suppliers, seedling producers, fruit growers, industries of juices, among others. Many are the bottlenecks that preclude consistency and structuring of the orange supply chain, since the plantation is predominantly familiar and developed on small farms, and the flow is made largely for intermediates and not for the industry. The aim of this work was to identify the main restrictions in the production chain of orange in RS from the point of view of the "key players" by means of a qualitative descriptive exploratory research. The participants, selected by non-probabilistic sample and convenience, were "key players" of the productive link (farmers), marketing (intermediate) and processing (industries) of the production chain of orange. Data collection consisted of semi-structured interview conducted in farms, in horticultural fairs and industries. The interviews were organized, analyzed and interpreted with QDA Miner 4.0 software. Along with the thematic interpretive analysis, the researcher also made use of the Theory of Constraints. The possibility to think about the problems in a logical and systemic way, in which the theory of constraints is based, reduces the need for guesswork in result interpretation, establishing coherence in the chain growth, correlating the "key players" and identifying the obstacles of greater impact. We conclude that all the "key players" are of fundamental importance for the productive chain of orange in RS state and by primary and secondary data it was possible to characterize these actors. From the primary data the constraints - Market, Logistics, Training and Government Incentives - that most obstruct the growth in fruit production in RS state and their causes were identified. In light of these questionings, similarities regarding the perspectives of the "key players" in the orange production chain. Thus, it is necessary to involve the actors able to modify this setting - farmers, intermediaries, industry, government, agricultural extension agencies, universities and research centers, so they can propose and execute concrete actions that change the current scenario of the orange production in the state of RS.

The purpose of accident investigation is the discovery of causal factors, so that they may be remedied, in order to avert the recurrence of accidents (ICAO, 1994). However, experience has shown that the present intuitive methods of analysis do not always achieve this aim. Investigation failure may come about because of failure to discover causal factors, or to devise effective remedies, or to persuade those in a position to act of the need to do so. Each of these types of failure can be made less likely by the use of formal analytical methods which can show whether information gathering has been incomplete, and point to the sources of additional information that may be needed. A formal analysis can be examined by formal logical tests. Also, the use of formal change mechanisms can not only devise changes likely to be effective, but can present these changes in such a way that the case for them is compelling. Formal methods currently available are concerned with what happened, and why it happened. To produce generic remedies which might avert future accidents of similar type, some formal change mechanism is needed. The Theory of Constraints has become widely adopted in business as a way of replacing undesirable effects with desired outcomes. The Theory of Constraints has not previously been used for safety investigation, and a principal object of this thesis is to see whether it can usefully be employed in this area. It is demonstrated that the use of formal methodology can bring to light factors which were overlooked during an official accident investigation, and can ‘tell the story’ in a more coherent manner than is possible with present methods. The recommendations derived from the formal analysis are shown to be generic in nature, rather than particular to the airline involved and the accident studied, and so could have a wider effect in improving safety.

In most of the manufacturing operations, production management staffs usually empirical rules or pilot run experiment results to decide production scheduling. However, the former methodology could go with high risk and uncertainty; the latter might partially verify some schedules and products due to the restricted manufacturing resources, and could easily cause delivery delay. This research performed a design of experimentation by computer simulation tool to develop a micro resistance manufacturing process model and compared the performance measurements among different dispatching rules so as to find the process bottleneck. Meanwhile, this research implemented the TOC (Theory of Constraints) theory to improve the manufacturing process and studied the efficiency of the improved process. This experiment took five performance measurements: product throughout, mean flowing time, mean tardiness time, mean queued job quantity and resources utilization in order to validate the results of the various dispatching rules and its performance simulating the real production process and further expects this model to become a reference scheduling model for batch-typed manufacturing processes. Additional production factors are also included into our experiments. For example, the proportion of product types produced, production timings of orders, manufacturing equipments operation time, numbers of manufacturing equipment and order delivery due date. The experiment results exhibit multi-type products of batch-typed flow shop manufacturing could use different dispatching rules based on product requirements to achieve production optimization and output maximization. TOC and adjustments of bottleneck machines can alleviate manufacturing equipment loading and reduce job queue quantity.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-170). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-170). Also available on the Internet.

Manufacturing organizations are facing fragmented markets and increased demand of variety from consumers. As a result, many of these firms have adopted mass customization manufacturing strategies in an effort to offer their customers the freedom of choice while maintaining operational efficiency. Lean manufacturing strategies have also seen heavy use in manufacturing environments. This study investigates the possibilities of integrating lean manufacturing principles and practices into mass customization environments in order to improve system performance. The feasibility of other manufacturing strategies such as agility, Quick Response Manufacturing and the Theory of Constraints assisting in the application of lean manufacturing for mass customization is also explored with the goal of developing a theoretical framework for the application of these manufacturing systems in different types of mass customization environments. The result of these investigations is tested and verified using a real world case study.

Emergency department (ED) acts as a feeder to many hospitals as it determines a large proportion of admissions. ED also acts as a buffer zone for many patients who cannot get care in other institutions due to insurance issues. Most hospitals are trying to invest heavily on their EDs, but cannot meet patients’ satisfaction in terms of cost and quality of care. There is great need for EDs to understand customers’ expectation given the rising cost of healthcare. The focus of this study is at an ED center in Bowling Green Kentucky, using theory of constraints (TOC) thinking process application tools to capture in detail the core and apply TOC to resolve the problems identified. The research was able to identify the core problems as: Backlog of patients in ED, delay in making dispositions, and patients waits on ED to transfer to another facility. The research was able to address the core issues by answering three questions: What to change? This was answered by the CRT “ED unable to meet patients’ expectation.” What to change to? This was answered by the EC “Positive patient outcomes”. How to change? This was answered by the FRT by using injections that resulted to “ED is able to meet patients’ expectations most of the time."