This research is designed to explore the ever-building international image of Taiwan by reviewing the news reports about Taiwan affairs from the American elitist publications. With the unprecedented advancement of communications and media developments, many people in the world has realized foreign affairs through media broadcasting. In the meantime, the perspectives about national images held by average people are greatly influenced by media reports, especially international news. The forming of Taiwan¡¦s image is no exception. Any piece of news about Taiwan has affected the projected image on the world stage one way or another. This study applies the methodology of content analysis to the news reports, letters, editorials and column reviews about Taiwan in the American elitist newspapers of The New York Times and The Washington Post, ranging from 1986 to 2005. The research acquires the samples form LEXIS-NEXIS database and analyzes the theme, main covered area, US-related content, independence-related content, leadership-related content, direction (strength) category and statement category from every sample. The researcher tries to investigate the distribution, important issues of different news themes, strength of content reports and the ever-constructing Taiwan international image. This research reveals: 1. In terms of themes and main covered area, nation-wide reports are the major. 2. In terms of US-related content, it is stressed on themes about foreign affairs, economy and trade, cross-strait relations and national defense technology. It shows these news themes are the very issues about Taiwan the US is most focused on. 3. In terms of Taiwanese leadership-related content, politics and cross-strait relations reports take up the most proportion. This shows political and cross-strait relations reports were what Taiwanese leaders were most involved during the two decades. 4. Among the themes of the news, neutral reporting is the major, positive reporting the second, negative the least. However, Constitution Reform in the politics category, Foreign Policies and Relations in the foreign affairs category, Literature, Art and Recreations in the education, science and culture categories mostly appear positive reporting. Only foreign spot news, society and laws, accidents and disasters are the few with more negative reporting than positive. Besides, in light of the quantitative ratio of news report samples, among all the news themes the most three categories are cross-strait relations, national defense and domestic politics. If we combine the small items broken down from the big categories, the category of cross-strait relations makes up the most proportion, followed by politics, foreign affairs, national defense and economy. The category of cross-strait relations totally takes up 38.09% and becomes the spotlighted issue of news reporting outstandingly. Finally, based on the sample statistics gathered from The New York Times and The Washington Post, the top five accumulated amounts of Taiwan news reports are 2000 (72 items), 2001 (45 items), 1996 (43 items), 1999 (41 items) and 2004 (35 items). 2000 tops the list of reporting on Taiwanese affairs; it¡¦s mainly because the second general election in Taiwan occurred on 2000. Chen Sui Bian and Liu Xiou Lien were elected as president and vice president. It was the first regime change ever in Taiwan¡¦s history and the DPP took the reins. On the other hand, the KMT was voted out of office for the first time and became the opposition, which attracted the international media and led to a significant increase on reporting. In addition, owing to the first regime change, the DPP that was generally perceived as pro-independence came into power and made China highly concerned, which contribute to the increase on news about cross-strait relations and policies, national defense and independence-related issues in this year.

This study aims to contribute to the understanding of ideology conveyed by lexical items and framing of texts. Since ideology is embedded in language the frames used in newspapers construct a narrow ideological perspective for the readers to interpret subjects and events through. On the basis of editorials from The Washington Post and The Washington Times that cover President Barack Obama, the study examines how the editorials differ in their framing of Obama and which discourses and keywords occur unusually frequently in each newspaper. Findings suggest that when it comes to framing, The Washington Post allows for a relatively balanced perspective on Obama as they both support and criticise him, while The Washington Times overwhelmingly condemns and attacks Obama. A keyword analysis points to unusually frequent discourses on race, conservatives and reforms in The Washington Post, and spending, unemployment and political institutions in The Washington Times. Because of their ideological differences the newspapers construct a reality where the subject, Obama, is presented in very different ways.

In the American press, news publishers and advertisers have enjoyed a close relationship well before the birth of our nation. When Benjamin Franklin bought The Pennsylvania Gazette in 1729, he became the owner of a communications platform and printed both information and advertisements. Today, news publishers and tech companies like Facebook and Twitter do the same—they publish and distribute news and commercial messages. Organizations like The New York Times and Washington Post produce more than news stories. News outlets have new departments—branded content studios, product marketing teams, and innovation teams—that are dedicated to creating and placing marketing messages beneath our gaze as we turn the physical page of a paper or scroll, click, and tap our screens throughout the day. This dissertation examines how advertisers aim to invisibly inject their messages into and alongside news stories by investigating the relationship between the business and newsroom side of various news publications. The research methodology is qualitative and draws upon over 125 interviews with people who work at news organizations, ad agencies, media and tech companies. This dissertation has a simple premise: compare the words of CEOs, executive leadership, and mission statements with the actions of news organizations to identify where discrepancies exist between the core tenets of journalism and its practice.

Deep Throat is one of the most famous anonymous newspaper sources in American journalism. He is known for helping Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein uncover the Watergate scandal that led to President Richard Nixon's impeachment and resignation in 1974. Deep Throat's identity was a source of curiosity until he was revealed in 2005 as the former number two figure at the FBI, William Mark Felt. This thesis will show that, despite Felt's notoriety, Deep Throat was not an indispensable part of Woodward and Bernstein's Watergate coverage, speaking with Woodward 16 times about Watergate during the reporters' coverage. Deep Throat was important to the Watergate story because he kept it alive. Deep Throat inspired numerous publications, which all served to create his mythic status. Many attempted to guess his true identity, although Woodward and Bernstein refused to confirm most guesses. An enduring Deep Throat legacy is that his nickname has become synonymous with deep background - a source that cannot be quoted or named. There was no clear consensus as to how people felt about Felt's role as Deep Throat. There were many negative and positive reactions when he revealed himself. His family sided with him; Nixon associates were unhappy with him. However, more than 30 years after the Watergate scandal, Deep Throat was still big news. No matter what people thought about him, they paid attention and they knew the story.

This study conducted a framing research that analyzed coverage of the bird flu (avian flu) in China by two major American newspapers that are influential in China (The New York Times and Washington Post). The goal was to examine how these two prestigious newspapers frame the bird flu epidemic in China and how they represent the country in this international health crisis. This study employed textual analysis regarding the way bird flu news articles were framed in terms of problem definition, causal explanation, moral evaluation and solution recommendations in both newspapers. The study found the epidemic was framed as more than just a public health crisis. Multiple news frames were found in both newspapers' coverage of bird flu, depicting the event as a cultural, social and political crisis to the nation and to the world.

On March 19, 2003, the United States military led a "pre-emptive" strike on Iraq, thrusting media into a heightened responsibility to keep the American public informed. By May 1, 2003, President George W. Bush had officially declared the war over, but at the time of this study, Spring 2005, violence prevailed in Iraq.Throughout the Iraq War, different styles of print media coverage appeared between the United States and German presses – reflective of each country's stance on the Iraq war. As influenced by numerous factors, U.S. and German newspapers covered the Iraq conflict in different ways. Several predictions resulted from considerations of nationality and political stance on the Iraq war.To assess the accuracy of those predictions, a content analysis was conducted. Two independent variables were named--the German newspaper, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ) and the U.S. newspaper, the Washington Post.The results gleaned from the analysis were examined with a chi-square, and most were found to be significant: As hypothesized, both U.S. and German newspapers overwhelmingly featured official sources. This meant that the media did not fulfill its watchdog function, but instead, allowed officials to frame the story of war.Although each country was viewing the war through official sources, those sources accentuated different aspects of the war and often carried strong positive or negative tones. The Washington Post carried more neutral sources, whereas the Frankfurt Allgemeine Zeitung carried more negative sources. With a clear sentiment against the war, German newspapers more often featured sources who weren't active players in the war and non-American, non-Iraqi sources in their articles, thus attempting to offer more balanced reporting. This study may offer an explanation as to why the United States and Germany shared such opposing opinions about the Iraq War–each country's citizens experienced the news from different perspectives. / Department of Journalism

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人類進入21 世紀，原本應是強調多元、協調、和平、進步的氛圍，但竟然就 在連第一個十年的一半都尚未結束，就爆發了即使是戰亂頻繁的20 世紀也難 得一見的大規模戰爭─伊拉克戰爭；當然，伊拉克戰爭有著基督教世界與回教 世界對抗的歷史遠因，也有著美國遭受911 恐怖攻擊的近因，但其所造成的影 響可能會牽動21 世紀。 伊拉克戰爭自然是眾所矚目的重大國際新聞事件，過去一向遭質疑國際觀不夠 的台灣媒體並沒有在報導此重大新聞中缺席，甚至，許多媒體還派出記者親赴 戰區傳回第一手新聞，加上新傳播科技的助力，從統計分析來看，台灣主要報 紙媒體在報導21 世紀頭一場戰爭中的表現，較過去為醒目。但本研究分析國 內3 大主要報紙媒體有關伊拉克戰爭的報導，並在相同的基礎上對比美國專業 新聞標竿與輿論領導品牌Washington Post，再納入事件行銷概念，希望能以更佳的高度、廣度、和深度上，探究國內報紙媒體報導國際重大新聞事件的作為。 / As it ushered in the 21st century, the world was supposed to enter an atmosphere that focused on peace, diversity, harmony and progress. However, in less than half of the first decade of the century, the United States waged a war on Iraq. The large scale of the war was even rarely seen in the 20th century that was frequently troubled by wars and turmoil. Of course, the centuries-old conflict between Christianity and Islam is one reason, while the terrorists attacks on the United States on Sept. 11, 2001 is another. The Iraq war could have a profound impact on the rest of the 21st century. The Iraq war received the attention of the media worldwide, including those in Taiwan that had often been criticized for the lack of sufficient international news coverage. Many media outlets even assigned reporters to the war zone in Iraq for the first-hand reporting with the use of new technologies. Statistics collected for this paper show that major newspapers in Taiwan have provided improved coverage for the first war in the 21st century than previous wars. This paper’s analysis focuses on Iraq war-related reports in three major Chinese-language newspapers in Taiwan and compares them with those reports in the Washington Post, a leading and influential U.S. newspaper. To provide a wide-scope and in-depth analysis, this paper also aims to discuss the role of the concept of event marketing in the coverage of major international events by news media in Taiwan.

To minimize devastation and maximize opportunities provided during a corporate crisis, public relations professionals should collaborate with lawyers on crisis response strategies. The purpose of this study was to examine coverage of the Ford Motor Co. and Bridgestone/ Firestone, Inc. tire recall from May 2000 through May 2001 to determine whether there was a difference between the strategies used by each company and whether Ford Motor Co. and Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc. used more traditional public relations than traditional legal strategies during each crisis stage.A content analysis was conducted of articles covering the crisis from The Wall Street Journal and The Washington Post containing sentences attributed to each company's spokespeople. The search yielded 234 usable articles with 2,192 sentences.Coders identified strategies as traditional public relations, traditional legal, mixed, diversionary, or other. A chi-square was used to test the hypotheses.The first hypothesis, which said there would be no significant difference between strategies used by each company, was rejected. The second and third hypotheses, which said Ford Motor Co. and Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc. used significantly more traditional public relations than traditional legal strategies during each time period, were accepted. / Department of Journalism

This study examines the coverage of serial killers David Berkowitz, Richard Ramirez, and Dennis Lynn Rader in the Chicago Tribune and the Washington Post. The 30-day period following the arrest of each killer was studied using a content analysis to identify whether the coverage focused on crime prevention, as suggested by the public health model. The study also sought to identify whether the themes of coverage changed over time. The content analysis indicated that there was a change in the themes of coverage over time, and that more attention was paid to the history of the case than to crime prevention. / Department of Journalism