Aim: This thesis aims to investigate the varying needs and perceptions of employees in different positions within a single organization in Brazil with regard to flexiblework arrangements. Methodology: The study selected eight employees from diverse positions within the organization through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The datacollection process employed a semi-structured interview approach, using an interview guide exploring the perception and needs of the employees regarding flexible work arrangements. The primary objective of the interviews was to offer valuable insights into employees' experiences and viewpoints, which aids in understanding the workforce's needs and requirements. Findings: The analysis found that employees across the different hierarchies in the organization exhibited a shared inclination towards remote work due to its advantages. However, the choices made by the employees were influenced by the team and managerial dynamics, client demands, and peak periods of activity. The findings disclosed that the advantages of flexible working arrangements are multifaceted encompassing work-life balance, quality of life, and cost savings. Conversely, challenges in the form of limited communication and relationship building opportunities, hierarchical complexities, and the high commuting costs incurred by hybrid workers were identified. The findings, therefore, emphasized the importance of fostering support, collaboration, and a positive work environment. Conclusion: Overall, the organization actively promotes adaptability to remote work, offering incentives and the necessary equipment to facilitate work-from-home arrangements. This research, therefore, underscores the need to embrace remote work and advocate for an enabling environment that addresses the diverse needs and challenges encountered by employees engaging in flexible work practices.

L'objectif général de cette recherche est d'élaborer un processus d'apprentissage d'accompagnement au piano jazz, dans le but de concilier mes deux instruments : le piano, de formation classique, et ma voix, entraînée au style jazz principalement. Elle fait état de mon parcours dans ma quête vers la synthèse de mes connaissances et le développement de ma personnalité artistique à travers la création jazz contemporaine. Celle-ci m'a menée vers l'étude de pianistes chanteurs modèles dont j'ai écouté et transcris la musique. Je me suis interrogée à savoir en quoi la transcription de chanteurs pianistes accompagnateurs peut influencer ma relation voix et piano à travers mes créations. Je suis allée plus loin dans ma compréhension grâce à l'étude de manuels théoriques, de cours maître/élève et de tutoriels. De là, j'ai pu déceler certains types de jeux majeurs en jazz pour l'accompagnement au piano de chanteurs. J'ai réuni ces types d'accompagnement en une typologie qui m'a servie tout au long de mon parcours de création. Dans ma pratique quotidienne, j'ai utilisé la recherche-action, qui se traduisait comme un processus itératif de développement - réflexion - correction. La relation entre mes deux instruments est devenue de plus en plus fusionnelle, créant ainsi un contrepoint polyphonique. Au fil des répétitions quotidiennes, j'ai apporté des modifications à mes créations comme le contrepoint entre la voix piano évoluait en un contrepoint polyphonique circulaire. En groupe, j'ai pu parfaire l'ensemble de mes œuvres, comptant cinq compositions et cinq arrangements originaux. Finalement, des similitudes qui unissent mes œuvres sont apparues, faisant émerger les caractéristiques de ma personnalité artistique. Cette recherche est une invitation aux vocalistes à s'auto-accompagner.

L'objectif général de cette recherche est d'élaborer un processus d'apprentissage d'accompagnement au piano jazz, dans le but de concilier mes deux instruments : le piano, de formation classique, et ma voix, entraînée au style jazz principalement. Elle fait état de mon parcours dans ma quête vers la synthèse de mes connaissances et le développement de ma personnalité artistique à travers la création jazz contemporaine. Celle-ci m'a menée vers l'étude de pianistes chanteurs modèles dont j'ai écouté et transcris la musique. Je me suis interrogée à savoir en quoi la transcription de chanteurs pianistes accompagnateurs peut influencer ma relation voix et piano à travers mes créations. Je suis allée plus loin dans ma compréhension grâce à l'étude de manuels théoriques, de cours maître/élève et de tutoriels. De là, j'ai pu déceler certains types de jeux majeurs en jazz pour l'accompagnement au piano de chanteurs. J'ai réuni ces types d'accompagnement en une typologie qui m'a servie tout au long de mon parcours de création. Dans ma pratique quotidienne, j'ai utilisé la recherche-action, qui se traduisait comme un processus itératif de développement - réflexion - correction. La relation entre mes deux instruments est devenue de plus en plus fusionnelle, créant ainsi un contrepoint polyphonique. Au fil des répétitions quotidiennes, j'ai apporté des modifications à mes créations comme le contrepoint entre la voix piano évoluait en un contrepoint polyphonique circulaire. En groupe, j'ai pu parfaire l'ensemble de mes œuvres, comptant cinq compositions et cinq arrangements originaux. Finalement, des similitudes qui unissent mes œuvres sont apparues, faisant émerger les caractéristiques de ma personnalité artistique. Cette recherche est une invitation aux vocalistes à s'auto-accompagner.

Die Unterschiede zwischen der Klavierfassung von Zemlinskys Opus 13 Nr. 1 nach einem Gedicht Maurice Maeterlincks und der Fassung für Orchester sind darauf zurückführbar, dass der Komponist in extremer Weise auf die klangfarblichen und ästhetischen Ansprüche der jeweiligen Genres reagiert. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, welche Eigenschaften des Orchestersatzes ein emphatisches Gattungsverständnis transportieren. Mit seiner Orchestration gehört das Lied einer Gattung an, die, als die Lieder Nr. 1–4 des Zyklus’ in dem ›Wiener Skandalkonzert‹ 1913 uraufgeführt wurden, auf der Höhe der Zeit stand. Nach 1918, mit den in ihrer Existenz bedrohten Riesenorchestern der Vorkriegszeit, ging das ästhetische Interesse an Orchesterliedern mehr und mehr verloren (vgl. Bork 2004). Zemlinsky vertrat mit der Orchesterfassung dezidiert die Position symbolistischen Komponierens am Fin de Siècle. Bevor Ähnliches in Besetzungen der Wiener Schule üblich wurde, fügte er der gewöhnlichen Orchesterbesetzung Instrumente wie das Harmonium und das Klavier hinzu. Mit der Harfe bilden diese einen eigenen Strang akkordfähiger Orchesterinstrumente. Dieser Strang offeriert drei unterschiedliche Einzelfarben und drei Weisen ihrer Kombination: Sämtliche oder je zwei von ihnen lassen sich verbinden. Die Koloristik bietet neue dramaturgische Möglichkeiten. Die drei Orte des Textes – Wald, Meer und Stadt – werden als drei Zeiten gefärbt: Mit jeweils anderem Instrumentarium schreibt Zemlinsky der Zukunft eine relative Nähe, der Vergangenheit Ferne und der Gegenwart vieldeutigen Rausch zu. Untersucht werden im Detail die Begleittexturen, die Zemlinsky für die Orchesterfassung des Liedes neu erfand, warum er Abschnitte der Singstimme oktavierte und ergänzte und welchen Sinn die mehrtaktigen Passagen erzeugen, die er hinzufügte. So vermittelt das neue Vorspiel mit den leeren Flageoletten der hohen Streicher eine Ahnung davon, wie exquisit der Tod ist, dem Maeterlincks drei Schwestern zustreben. / The differences between the piano version of Zemlinsky’s Opus 13 No. 1, based on a poem by Maurice Maeterlinck, and the orchestral version can be traced back to the fact that the composer responded in an extreme way to the timbral and aesthetic demands of the respective genres. This contribution examines which properties of the orchestral set convey an emphatic understanding of the genre. With its orchestration, the song belongs to a genre which was at its peak as the songs nos. 1–4 of the cycle were premiered in ›Vienna’s Skandalkonzert‹ in 1913 but lost its aesthetic interests with the existence of gigantic orchestras of the pre-war period after 1918 being at stake (cf. Bork 2004). Zemlinsky, with his orchestral composition, determined the position of symbolistic composing at fin-de-siècle. Before similar things even became customary in the orchestral settings of the Viennese school, he added the usual scoring instruments such as the harmonium and the piano. With the harp, they form an individual strand of orchestral instruments capable of playing chords. This strand offers three different individual colors and three modes of their combination: all or two of them can be connected. The colorfulness offers new dramatic possibilities. Three places in the text – the forest, the sea and the city – are colored as three times: with different settings in each case, Zemlinsky gives the future a relative closeness, the past a distance, and the present an ambiguous intoxication. This paper will explore in detail the accompaniment textures, which Zemlinsky reinvented for the orchestral version of the song: specifically, why he octavated and supplemented some sections of the singing voice and what the sense is of the multiple bars of passages he added. Thus, the new prelude with the empty harmonics of the high strings conveys an inkling of how exquisite death is to which Maeterlinck’s three sisters strive.

Musiktheorie und Komposition' – so lautete das Leitthema des XII. Jahreskongresses der Gesellschaft für Musiktheorie (GMTH), der vom 5. bis 7. Oktober 2012 an der Folkwang Universität der Künste in Essen stattfand. Damit ist eine Schnittstelle bezeichnet, die im musiktheoretischen Diskurs immer von großer Bedeutung war. Die hier versammelten Beiträge sind an dieser Schnittstelle angesiedelt. Insgesamt 38 Autorinnen und Autoren erörtern Aspekte der Theoriebildung im Bezug auf zeitgenössische Musik, prüfen historische Kompositionslehren auf ihre Relevanz für den Musiktheorieunterricht, stellen aktuelle kompositionspädagogische Ansätze vor und loten die Potenziale des Instrumentierens, Arrangierens und Bearbeitens von Musik aus. Dabei spiegeln die Beiträge einen bewusst weit gefassten Kompositionsbegriff wider. Vor allem aber vermitteln sie einen Eindruck von der Breite und Vielfalt aktueller Musiktheorie und der auf sie bezogenen Didaktik.

Au XXᵉ siècle, des compositeurs non-guitaristes commencent à composer des œuvres pour la guitare mais avec des lacunes dans leur compréhension des spécificités techniques de l'instrument. Certains consultaient un guitariste pour obtenir des conseils techniques, mais d'autres publiaient des œuvres souvent techniquement maladroites, voire impossibles. Un exemple notable en est Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco (1895-1968). Au départ, il composa de la musique pour guitare en collaboration avec Andrés Segovia (1893-1987), puis en collaboration avec d'autres guitaristes. Ses dernières œuvres pour guitare furent publiées à titre posthume sans avoir été révisées par un guitariste, par exemple Platero y yo, op.190 pour guitare et narrateur, l'une de ses œuvres pour guitare les plus importantes. Cette recherche documente mon processus d'adaptation de Platero y yo dans lequel je me suis efforcé de trouver un équilibre entre la fidélité à la partition originale, le contexte narratif et l'efficacité technique et sonore des différentes solutions que j'ai expérimentées. / In the 20ᵗʰ century, non-guitarist composers began composing solo works for the guitar but lacked a sufficient understanding of the instrument's technical specificities. Some would consult with a guitarist for technical guidance, but others would publish works that are often technically awkward or even impossible. A notable example of this is Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco (1895-1968). Initially, he wrote music for the guitar in collaboration with Andrés Segovia (1893-1987), then in collaboration with other guitarists. His late works for the guitar were posthumously published without having been revised by a guitarist. A notorious example of this is Platero y yo, op.190 for guitar and narrator, one of Castelnuovo-Tedesco's major guitar compositions. This research documents my adaptation process of Platero y yo in which I strived to find a balance between faithfulness to the composer's score and to the narrative context, and the technical and sonic effectiveness of the different solutions I experimented with.

The South African Revenue Service has in the past had difficulty in applying debt forgiveness in cases of corporate and business rescues. Taxation legislation was drafted to counter innovative section 311 schemes of arrangements where the sole purpose was to obtain maximum taxations benefits in relation to entities in financial difficulties. This approach was only concerned with the interests of the Revenue authorities. The central theme of this study focuses of the procedures now available to tax authorities and debtors alike when compromises were and are considered in South Africa in terms of income tax and company legislation. The South Africa Revenue Service’s approach the corporate rehabilitation is examined which is vital for investors, creditors and debtors alike. A comparative study with similar procedures in England is undertaken to establish how valid the procedures are in establishing a viable corporate rescue environment in South Africa in the future. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Procedural Law / unrestricted

Master of Science / Department of Apparel, Textiles, and Interior Design / Joy Kozar / This study examines colonization, development, and globalization in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) with respect to the garment industry, the main industry of the islands. A broad-reaching analysis examined population, gender, economic factors, and import/export data in order to explore the repercussions of garment industry development and subsequent decline on the CNMI. A quantitative analysis was conducted utilizing data from the United States Census Bureau, the CNMI's Department of Commerce, and the U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Textiles and Apparel. This research illustrates how the effects of the garment industry in small developing nations are dramatically impacted by a trade arrangement, the Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA), which was a protectionist measure used to restrict manufacturing of certain product through a quota system. In addition, this study reveals the economic implications and societal outcomes for the CNMI after the collapse of the garment industry as a result of the 2005 MFA phase-out. Garment production orders shifted to large producer nations once quota restrictions were no longer in place. Factory closures, lost business revenue, and a loss of manufacturing positions affecting predominantly women plagued the CNMI as well as cost-of-living increases. Federalization of the CNMI took place in 2009 which further complicated the islands’ politics and guest worker population status. Tourism is now the CNMI's chief industry although its growth is dismal and heavily reliant upon world economies. A comparison between Mauritius, another small island nation, concludes the discussion with insight on women's development and future considerations for economic growth as a means of development and dependency in the CNMI.

The crucial role of representation in mathematical and statistical modeling and problem solving as evident in learners' arrangement and representation of statistical data were investigated with focus points data arrangement, data representation and statistical thinking levels. The representation tasks required learners to arrange and represent data through modeling, focusing on spontaneous representations. Successful transnumeration determine the ultimate success of a representation and the ability to organise data is regarded as critical. Arrangement types increased in sophistication with increased grade level and the hierarchical nature of arrangement types became apparent when regarded in the context of an adapted SOLO Taxonomy framework. A higher level arrangement strategy pointed to a higher SOLO level of statistical thinking. Learners in the two tasks produced a rich variety of representations which included idiosyncratic, unsophisticated responses as well as standard statistical representations. The context of the two tasks, the quantitative versus qualitative nature of the data in the tasks, and the statistical tools or representational skills learners have at their disposal, played an important role in their representations. Well-planned data handling activities develop representational and higher order thinking skills. The variety of responses and different response levels elicited in the two tasks indicate that the nature of the tasks rather than the size of the data set play a conclusive role in data tasks. Multiple representations by an individual were an indication of successful modeling, are effective in problem solving and are associated with good performance. The SOLO model which incorporates a structural approach as well as a multimodal component proved valuable in the analysis of responses. Using this model with accompanying acknowledgement of different problem solving paths and the contribution of ikonic support in the concrete symbolic mode, promote the in-depth analysis of responses. This study contributes to the research in the field of data representation and statistical thinking. The analysis and results led to an integrated picture of Grade 4-7 learners' representation of statistical data and of the statistical thinking levels evident in their representations. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Didactics)

This thesis surveys all the found British settings of A. E. Housman's A Shropshire Lad (1896) but concentrates on the period after 1940, which, the author believes, has not previously received critical attention. A new study is timely especially because of a renewed interest among composers in the poet's highly influential lyric collection. The author found about 110 British composers with about 340 settings of individual poems not listed in previous Shropshire Lad catalogues. This number adds more than fifty per cent to the known repertoire. The search was not restricted to art song; it found, in addition, multi-voice settings, settings in popular styles and non-vocal music. Largely because of the work of broadly trained musicians, there is now a much wider range of medium, style and compositional technique applied to A Shropshire Lad. There are also new ways in which words and music relate. Different catalogues in the thesis list settings according to period, genre, poem and composer. The author hopes to broaden the British canon of Shropshire Lad music, which, despite recent commissions and competitions, is still mostly limited to the major composers of the English musical renaissance (the early decades of the twentieth century). Accordingly, the catalogues let performers know how to obtain the settings. In preliminary chapters, the thesis attempts a literary examination of A Shropshire Lad and reviews the already-researched pre-Second World War settings. It then divides the post-1940 period into two parts–a Decline (to c.1980) and a Renewal (since c.1980)–and surveys them. The compositions of this period are placed in three tonal-stylistic streams of development: a mainstream tonal with ultraconservative and atonal tributaries. Then follow detailed literary-musical analyses of post-1940 songs, song cycles, collaborative sets, and multi-voice settings. A final summary draws together the conclusions of the individual chapters, summarizes and evaluates the achievement of the post-1940 composers, and suggests how further research might be carried out. / Art History, Visucal Arts & Music / D. Litt. et Phil. (Musicology)