A multiple baseline design was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of a sibling training package including modeling, role-play, and feedback on play and engagement between children with autism and their siblings. The results of two experiments suggest that, following training, siblings of children with autism correctly implemented all trained interaction components. Additionally, Experiment II assessed and programmed generalization to other materials and a non-training setting. The results showed that some unprogrammed generalization to non-trained toys occurred. Conversely, siblings engaged in trained skills in a non-training setting (home) only following the experimenter's instructions to generalize. In both experiments, the siblings' overall engagement and physical proximity of play in training sessions increased significantly above baseline. This study extends previous research in that it includes additional stimulus and response generalization measures.

Evolution of a Smart Girl is a collection of short stories that chronicles the evolution of the modern American female. The stories are arranged in three parts: "Dirty Barbie & Breakable Boys" focuses on adolescent relationships between boys and girls; "Some Things Can't Be Unbroken" centers on Maggie and Charlie Copper's marriage after Maggie is diagnosed with ovarian cancer at the age of twenty-five; and "Of Apples and Broken Scabs" presents four stories about four very different women who experience heartbreak in love, friendship, and lust. This work explores the ways in which a girl's interactions with others shape her into the young woman she becomes. Through same-sex friendships, romantic relationships, and sibling rivalries, the women in these stories experience intellectual and sexual awakenings.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender os efeitos psicológicos da cardiopatia congênita do irmão em crianças saudáveis. A análise da literatura revelou que pouca atenção tem sido dada a esse tema, ainda que se saiba que os irmãos sadios sofrem sentindo-se excluídos e isolados das relações familiares, bem como do tratamento de crianças com doenças crônicas. Foram avaliadas cinco crianças, com idades entre três e onze anos, cujos irmãos, no momento da coleta de dados, estavam internados para tratamento da cardiopatia congênita. A pesquisa foi realizada através de análise qualitativa com referencial psicanalítico de dados colhidos durante entrevista semidirigida com os pais e observação de hora lúdica com as crianças. Foram encontrados temas comuns na vivência desses irmãos saudáveis como alteração na rotina familiar, com acréscimo de responsabilidades e conhecimento e interesse a respeito da doença e tratamento do irmão. Os irmãos saudáveis manifestaram sentimentos preponderantemente de empatia e solidariedade para com a dor e desconforto da criança cardiopata, apresentando comportamentos de cuidado para com o irmão e a família e, de forma encoberta, ciúme e rivalidade. A hora lúdica teve um caráter, além de diagnóstico, interventivo para essas crianças. Atualmente a literatura aponta para a necessidade de intervenções com essa população. A partir dos resultados desta pesquisa, espera-se ter contribuído na produção de conhecimento sobre esses irmãos saudáveis e na criação de propostas para intervenções com o intuito de prevenir ou minimizar possíveis efeitos adversos do convívio com um irmão cardiopata / This study aimed to understand the psychological effects of congenital heart of siblings in healthy children. The literature review revealed that little attention has been paid to this issue, although it is known that the healthy siblings suffer from feeling excluded and isolated from family relationships and the treatment of children with chronic diseases. We evaluated five children, aged between three and eleven, whose siblings, at the time of data collection, were hospitalized for treatment of congenital heart disease. The research was conducted through qualitative analysis with psychoanalysis reference of semistructured interview with parents and observation play therapy hour with children. We found common themes in the experience of healthy siblings as change in family routine, with increased responsibilities and interest in and knowledge about the disease and treatment of their siblings. The healthy siblings predominantly expressed feelings of empathy and solidarity with the pain and discomfort of the child with heart disease, presenting behaviors of care for their siblings and family and, covertly, jealousy and rivalry. The play therapy hour had a interventional character for these children. Currently, the literature points to the need for interventions with this population. From the results of this research is expected to have contributed in knowledge about this healthy siblings and to create proposals for interventions in order to prevent or minimize possible adverse effects of living with a sibling with heart disease

Den här uppsatsen handlar om emotionella eskaleringar, vilket är en utveckling av konflikteskaleringar. I uppsatsen bryts eskaleringen ner till audiovisuella element för att identifiera dessa, hur det kopplas till narrativet och hur det påverkar. Uppsatsen undersöker därmed ljudets och bildens användning i eskaleringen, sambandet mellan dem och skapandet av eskaleringen med hjälp av dem för att se hur eskaleringen kan användas. Uppsatsen beskriver eskaleringens funktion, utifrån emotioner, som är att framhäva en viss upplevelse av händelse. Med eskalering menar vi inom ramen för den här uppsatsen en audiovisuell förändring som med filmskaparens medvetenhet avser att styra åskådarens känsloupplevelse av händelser i film.

The poetics of space is a very interesting field, which has been so far marginalized from the theoretic point of view in comparison with other types of the poetics of literary work. Fragmentary information devoted to this theme has often been hidden in theoretic works that applied the poetics of space to some specific literary works. To be able to start focusing myself on the poetics of space in fairy tales, I had to lay the basis for the poetics of space in the first part of my thesis. The basis is built by the chapters in which I was concerned with the poetics of literary work and where I collected, organized and made transparent actual theoretic information about the poetics of space and its parts, space and place. I used these chapters for the specification of the terms used in my thesis. That specification enabled me to focus on the poetics of space in the fairy tales in the second part of thesis. As my research material I chose Grimms' fairy tales and eight Erben's fairy tales. I used this material to verify the relevance of particular hypotheses. In terms of my research I concerned on topics such as the poetics of space from the wider and the closer point of view, the boundaries of the fairy tales' space, the description and the layout of the space, the main and the side character in the...

The majority of the academic discourse surrounding Dostoevsky and his epic, The Brothers Karamazov, has been directed toward the philosophic and religious implications of his characters. Largely overlooked, however, is the theme of laceration. In the greater scope of laceration stands the topic of self-laceration. Self-laceration refers to the practice of causing harm to the self in a premeditated and specifically emotionally destructive fashion. The cause of this experience is varied and expressed in as many ways as there are individuals. The struggle in the Russian psyche between viewing the world as fatalistic or as more of an existential experience finds resolution through self-laceration. By consciously choosing actions that will lead to an abject state, the characters take fate into their own hands. This thesis will explore the themes of self-laceration in a number of characters’ narratives and demonstrate that by utilizing emotional self-destruction they find a modicum of control.

Sibling relationships are an important, yet under investigated aspect of foster care research. Despite the fact that between 65-85% of children in care have brothers and sisters, only recently have child welfare researchers begun to explore the complex and dynamic nature of sibling relationships in substitute care settings. Although cross-sectional and longitudinal studies suggest differences in placement stability and permanency outcomes for siblings placed together versus those placed separately, the conditions under which sibling relationships influence placement stability, permanency, and well-being in foster care settings remain unknown. This dissertation investigated how family dynamics and home setting characteristics influenced the likelihood of a foster care placement change for a sample of children who participated in a sibling relationship enhancement intervention (SIBS-FC) study. A conceptual model was proposed to help explain the circumstances which lead to foster care placement change, and the moderating effects of family living composition on the odds of placement change over an 18-month period were examined. Two multivariate statistical approaches were used in this investigation. The first approach involved examining the effects of a child's report of positive home integration, sibling relationship quality, caregiver's reported impact of child behavior, sibling living situation, kinship caregiver status, number of placements prior to study entry, and receipt of the SIBS-FC intervention on the odds of placement change. Results suggest that children in kinship care were 58% less likely to experience placement change than those who lived in non-relative care, and youth who lived apart from their siblings were 70% more likely to experience placement change than those who lived together. In the second statistical approach, living composition categories were constructed to understand the moderating effects of different living situations on the odds of placement change. Living composition categories included youth who lived in kinship care with their siblings, youth who lived in kinship care without their siblings, and youth who lived in non-relative care with their siblings, with youth in non-relative care who lived apart from their siblings serving as the referent category. Findings support a moderation effect for different categories of living composition, as well as a trend level effect for sibling relationship quality and odds of placement change. Living with one's sibling in kinship care decreased the odds of placement change by 75%, as compared to living apart from one's sibling in a non-relative foster home. A post-hoc analysis determined that all living composition categories were statistically different from one another in relative odds of a placement change. This dissertation provides additional evidence concerning the protective nature of kinship care and sibling co-placement on reducing the odds of experiencing a foster care placement change, and provides support for practices and policies prioritizing kinship care and the co-placement of siblings when making substitute care placement decisions. Future studies of siblings in foster care should explore the experiences of youth across the different forms of foster care living composition, examine the relationship between placement stability and permanency outcomes, and examine the relationship between placement stability, permanency, and child well-being.

Parental differential treatment (PDT), the within-family differences in parenting experienced by siblings (Rivers & Stoneman, 2008), has been linked to detrimental adjustment outcomes for children (e.g., Conger & Conger, 1994). The primary goal of this research was to more closely examine how differential treatment in two domains of parent-child relations-displays of warmth and hostility- were associated with child outcomes. A secondary data analysis was conducted on a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) of a parent training intervention. Participants in this sample were high risk children and families, and they were randomly assigned to one of three groups: an intensive parent training program, the parent training program plus a sibling intervention, or the community control group. Data were collected by multiple methods and from multiple reporting agents. Using baseline data from children (both older and younger siblings), mothers, observers and teachers, this study examined PDT agreement across two or more informants and whether PDT agreement was linked to child outcomes and also explored the extent to which these PDT domains were associated with both older and younger sibling's antisocial behavior. Using data collected at baseline and conclusion of the intervention from multiple informants, the study investigated whether the parenting intervention moderated the effect of PDT and the extent to which PDT was malleable. Agreement across two or more reporting agents of high PDT, especially for PDT-Hostility, was associated with worse outcomes for those children compared to children in the more egalitarian group. This research replicated previous studies in demonstrating that PDT is associated with negative child outcomes in some circumstances even when controlling for other child factors. The results from exploratory analyses in this study do not provide support for the idea that PDT is altered after participation in a parenting intervention; however, the findings do provide some evidence that the intervention moderates PDT. Specifically, negative PDT directed at the older sibling was more likely to be associated with negative outcomes in the absence of the intervention. Potential explanations for these findings are presented, and implications for future research are discussed.

I argue that Guillermo Del Toro is a modern day storyteller, writing his film script as Ovid, The Grimms, or even Baum would pen their tales. I expand the idea of intertextuality to include not only conversations, thoughts, architecture, emotions, bodily activity, sounds, and innumerable other signifiers, but also analyzing the film "inter-imagically." By considering the film in this way it encourages a world conversation that can influence socio-political transformations in our world. I use the stories and images in myth, fairy tale and children's literature to support the importance of agency, agency in regard to finding your own voice, determining your own path and taking action by making choices that can ultimately result in transformations that are not only personal, but political ramifications in the world. In Echo and Narcissus, I explore issues surrounding the self-realization and loss of agency through Ofelia's refusal to follow someone else's path, allowing others to silence her voice or her potential. Using Little Red Riding Hood, I assert that Ofelia is the modern Little Red, refusing to take the path of her mother, defining her own way. Using The Wizard of Oz, I highlight the labyrinth of choice and the determination to return, restore or transform Ofelia's world. I further proclaim Del Toro is a master storyteller along the lines of Ovid, Grimm and Baum and that through his film, he inspires adults to get back in touch with the childhood disobedience and questioning in order to spark a world conversation that just may transform the world around us.

No description available.