Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2008, 2009, and 2010 to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate combined with other broadleaf herbicides on herbicide-resistant and -susceptible weeds in Illinois. In the field, the addition of lactofen or fomesafen to glyphosate provided the greatest consistency and control of problematic target weeds including common waterhemp and giant ragweed. Applications of glyphosate tank-mixtures at EPOST provided 10% greater control of giant ragweed compared with the same treatments at POST. The addition of a tank-mix herbicide with glyphosate provided the greatest impact on weed control when applied to glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp with control increasing by 67% compared with glyphosate applied alone. The addition of a tank-mix herbicide with glyphosate had little impact on control of PPO-resistant and herbicide-susceptible common waterhemp. Generally, the addition of an adjuvant to herbicide mixtures with glyphosate did not influence weed control 14 DAT compared with no additional adjuvant. However, the addition of PO-HSOC and SO-HSOC to glyphosate tank-mixtures containing fomesafen and cloransulam increased annual morningglory control compared with no additional adjuvant. In the greenhouse, PPO-inhibiting herbicides (fomesafen, lactofen, flumiclorac, fluthiacet) applied with glyphosate resulted in additive and antagonistic responses depending on the PPO-inhibitor used and the common waterhemp biotype. Generally, glyphosate tank-mixtures applied to PPO-resistant and herbicide-susceptible common waterhemp biotypes resulted in a greater frequency of antagonism than that of a glyphosate-resistant biotype. The efficacy of glyphosate tank-mixtures was also influenced by environmental conditions shortly before and after the herbicide application. Glyphosate tank-mixtures usually resulted in greater efficacy on common waterhemp when applied at 24 C with 75% RH than at 32 C with 40% RH, regardless of tank-mix herbicide or common waterhemp biotype. Although this research supports an improvement in control of glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp with the addition of PPO-inhibiting herbicides to glyphosate, the overall herbicide efficacy was still somewhat variable with evidence for environmental conditions that may alter efficacy of the tank mixtures. Thus, the use of preemergence, soil residual herbicides are still justified to reduce reliance on these postemergence herbicide mixtures for weed control in soybean and ultimately deter further selection of common waterhemp populations resistant to glyphosate and PPO-inhibiting herbicides.

x, 30 leaves ; 28 cm Notes Typescript Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 1983 Includes vita and abstract Bibliography: leaves 28-30 Another copy on microfilm is located in Archives

Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Bibliography: Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-99). Description: xii, 99 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm. / Blood oxygen carrying capacity, myoglobin levels and LDH isozyme compositions in the heart, gastrocnemius and pectoralis muscles were determined in Common Murre adults and during maturation of the chick at sea. Oxygen stores in the chick (hemoglobin, hematocrit, muscle myoglobin) increased significantly with growth. High levels of the aerobic isozyme, LDH 1, were maintained throughout maturation in the heart. All five LDH isozymes were maintained at similar levels in the gastrocnemius muscle. The pectoralis showed an increase in LDH 1, 2, 3, and 4, yet retained relatively high levels of LDH 5 throughout maturation. Upon leaving the nesting colony, metabolic capacities in the heart and gastrocnemius of the chick are similar to those of adults. The chick pectoralis tissue, however, gains aerobic capacities with maturation which is concomitant with the needed capacity for aerial and aquatic flight upon fledging.

A obesidade e a perda dental são importantes problemas de saúde pública mundial e ambas as condições ocasionam desfechos adversos à saúde. Em estudos prévios, a existência de associação entre essas condições tem sido observada; no entanto, evidências ainda são inconclusivas, embora muitos estudos indicam que fatores de risco comuns estão relacionados com ambos os problemas. O objetivo principal foi avaliar a associação entre o índice de massa corporal e a perda dental em uma população adulta. O método utilizado baseou-se em dados transversais que foram coletados através de questionários autopreenchíveis e medidas antropométricas foram aferidas em 3.930 funcionários tecnicoadministrativos de uma universidade no Rio de Janeiro, participantes da Fase 1 (1999) do Estudo Pró-Saúde. Perda dental autorreferida (4 categorias) foi o desfecho de interesse e obesidade foi a variável de exposição principal. Os dados sobre os aspectos da dieta, acesso e utilização dos serviços de saúde, fatores socioeconômicos, hábitos e comportamentos de saúde e dados demográficos foram utilizados como covariáveis. Em comparação com aqueles com IMC< 25 kg/m², as pessoas com sobrepeso (IMC≥ 25 e <30 Kg/m²) e obesidade (IMC≥ 30 Kg/m²) apresentaram uma maior chance de perda dental, OR = 1,6 (IC 95% 1,4-1,9) e OR = 2,1 (IC 95% 1,8-2,5), respectivamente. Ajustando por potenciais fatores de confusão, os indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesidade tiveram um OR estatisticamente não significativo para perda dental, respectivamente OR=0,8 e OR=0,9. Os resultados são consistentes com a hipótese de que a associação entre obesidade e perda dental resulte de fatores de risco comuns. / Obesity and tooth loss are important public health problems worldwide, and both conditions cause adverse health outcomes. In previous studies, an association between these conditions has been observed; however, evidence is still inconclusive, although many studies indicate that common risk factors are related to both problems. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the association between overweight/obesity and tooth loss in adults. Cross-sectional data was collected through and self-administered questionnaires and anthropometric measurements in 3,930 civil servants at a university in Rio de Janeiro, participants in Phase 1 (1999) of the Pró-Saúde Study. Self-reported tooth loss (4 categories) was the outcome of interest, and obesity was the main independent variable. Data on aspects of diet, access and utilization of health services, socioeconomic factors, health habits and behaviors as well as demographic data were used as covariates. Compared with those with BMI< 25 kg/m², overweight people (BMI≥ 25 and <30 kg/m²) and obesity (BMI≥ 30 kg/m²) had a greater chance of tooth loss, OR=1.6 (95% CI 1.4-1.9) and OR=2.1 (95% CI 1.8-2.5), respectively. Adjusting for potential confounding factors, overweight and obese participants showed no statistically significant higher odds for tooth loss, respectively, OR=0.8 and OR=0.9.The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the association between obesity and tooth loss is the result of common risk factors.

This tesis is focused on a comparison of the major elements of territorial systems. That means an existing state before planned comprehensive land consolidation and expected state after comprehensive land consolidation. This was followed by evaluation of the links between the elements. These are erosions measures, regional system of ecological stability, road network, and water management measures. After selecting the area of interest I made detailed field research and I evaluated the condition of the road network and the hydric skeleton of the landscape. The evaluation was mainly focused on technical condition of roads and watercourses. Then I dealed with the proposed measures, in which I reviewed whether they are sufficient for the given area. Finally I discussed the possibilities of extending the proposed measures, especially the perspective of comprehensive land consolidation.

The aim of this study is to compare the differences between of projected proposals and implemented elements of the common facilities within the complex land consolidation in South Bohemian Region. For this study we selected these test KPU: Smetanova Lhota, Řípec, Žíšov and Ratibořské Hory. On these k.ú. conducted a detailed analysis of the plan joint projects and after-terrain reconnaissance. Based on this reconnaissance was found that most of the proposed measure has not yet been realized. This applies mainly honorary networks. Another problem is that it often leads to the neglect of conservation.

Master of Science / Department of Agricultural Economics / Amanor-Boadu, Vincent / Beans play a major role in addressing malnutrition and poverty in Africa. Hence, several studies have been conducted over the last two decades on beans attributes in various African countries, including Zambia. The similarity of these studies is their emphasis on the importance of including consumer preferences in the beans supply chain. This study attempts to contribute to informing the bean supply chain about bean attributes and consumer characteristics influencing beans consumption so that downstream stakeholders can effectively seize the embedded opportunities in the bean supply chain. Data used in this study were obtained from 900 surveyed households in Lusaka, Zambia and analyzed using a logit model. The study evaluated three attributes of beans: gravy quality; cooking time; and grain size. In addition, it assessed the price of beans associated with these attributes. The study sought to determine how these attributes influenced consumer preference for specific color beans. Results show that gravy quality, cooking time and price are important bean attributes influencing consumer preference for purple, mixed yellow and yellow bean while grain size has no statistically significant effect. The study also found that gender, education, and employment status of the household head or person purchasing food for the household, as well as the household’s child dependency ratio, dual household income, residential area and perception of the bean food group’s importance to consumers’ nutritional security were statistically significant in their effect on preference for purple, mixed yellow and yellow beans. The study’s results contribute to downstream stakeholders’ efforts to improve their own decisions in identifying the market segments to engage in. For example, bean breeders, producers, and traders might optimize limited resources available for their activities by investing in products that promise large markets to use volume to overcome any price disadvantage regarding profitability. Similarly, they may also invest in high-value low volume products that could also provide them with acceptable profitability. The option used would depend on their location and their own resource situation.

A dissertação é uma pesquisa dos fundamentos filosóficos para o Direito Ambiental. Propondo-se, no primeiro capítulo, a nomear o bem comum ambiental como o fundamento e seus pressupostos antropológicos, políticos e jurídicos, a saber, o antropocentrismo harmônico, o cosmopolitismo e a teoria da justiça realista como instâncias complementares. Por contraste, dialogaremos com os pressupostos rivais: o antropocentrismo individualista, a soberania e o normativismo. O segundo capítulo tratará da aplicabilidade dos conceitos trabalhados anteriormente segundo três casos globais: o Protocolo de Quioto, a distribuição de água e os créditos de carbono. A metodologia aplicada é a análise conceitual dialética. / The dissertation is a research of the philosophical foundations for the Environmental Law. Intending, in this first chapter, to nominate the environmental well being as a fundament and its anthropological presuppositions, political and juridical to know, the harmonic anthropocentrism, the cosmopolitism and the theory of the realistic justice as complemented instances. In contrast, we will dialogue with the presupposed rival: the individualistic anthropocentrism, the sovereignty and the normativism. The second chapter will treat of the applicability of the concepts worked previously according with the three global cases: the Protocol of Kyoto, the distribution of water and Coal credits. The applied methodology is the conceptual dialectics analysis.

This dissertation examines John Rawls’s doctrine of public reason in light of Thomas Reid’s Common Sense philosophy. Chapter 1 introduces the topics of public reason and common sense in order to suggest that Thomas Reid’s philosophy can provide a beneficial contribution to public policy debates. Chapter 2 examines key features of Rawls’s doctrine of public reason. Chapter 3 suggests that there are critical problems with Rawls’s doctrine of public reason. Chapter 4 examines key features of Thomas Reid’s common sense philosophy. Chapter 5 shows Reid’s common sense application in early American history as well as contemporary scholarship. It argues that common sense can provide insight into two test-cases, abortion and same-sex marriage. Chapter 6 concludes the dissertation, summarizing the arguments and providing suggestions for further research.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:42:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 831305 bytes, checksum: 7de0dccf59e4128a858ec0de24b05804 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a crop of great nutritional, economical and social importance. Breeding programs use molecular markers as important auxiliary tools for various types of genetic studies. Different classes of molecular markers have been developed, and among them microsatellites highlight. Microsatellites are DNA simple sequence repeats (SSR) distributed in tandem along the genome, forming highly variable polymorphic sites, enabling their use as molecular markers. SSRs are codominant, multiallelic, and thus can be used in several types of studies, mainly for genetic mapping. Primers flanking microsatellite sequences are commonly developed from genomic libraries, enriched genomic libraries, sequences obtained from databases and, alternatively, from internal simple sequence repeats (ISSR-PCR). Common bean breeding molecular geneticists have developed SSR markers for mapping specific traits of interest. However, a saturated consensus genetic map for common bean has not been established so far that can be used as a reference for the development of specific maps. Therefore, the BIOAGRO/UFV common bean breeding program developed a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) which is suggested to be used to integrate, in one single map, all microsatellite markers that have been developed so far. However, to saturate the map, there must be a great number of markers available. The objective of the present study was to develop and validate primers that amplify microsatellites sequences obtained from enriched genomic libraries and from ISSR sequences. In the first case, two enrichedgenomic libraries for microsatellite sequences, that had been developed in a previous study, were used. In the present study, 207 clones were selected from these two genomic libraries. One hundred and ninety six of these clones (94.68%) were sequenced and 184 (88.89%) of them could be analyzed, 133 clones from library 1 and 51 from library 2. Forty eight redundant clones (26.09%) were detected. Clone analysis led to the identification of 66 (49.62%) microsatellite motifs in library 1 and 20 (39.22%) in library 2, and 56 primer pairs were designed. From the 56 primer pairs developed, 34 were characterized andtested in 20 Mesoamerican and Andean genotypes, including AND277 and Rudá. All the primer pairs were able to generate PCR products and six (17.65%) generated polymorphic DNA bands among the tested genotypes. In the ISSR enrichment methodology, 250 clones were seleted with sizes over 400 bp. From these 250 clones, 168 (67.2%) were sequenced and 103 (41.2%) could be analyzed. Thirty redundant clones (29.13%) were detected. Clone analyses led to the identification of 58 microsatellite motifs (56.31%) and 32 primer pairs were developed. Out of these, 10 were characterized and tested in the same genotypes used in the previous methodology. Out of the 10 primer pairs tested, six were identified as codominant markers and the other four as dominant. The codominant markers revealed no polymorphisms among the tested genotypes. Additionally, microsatellite containing sequences obtained from both methodologies were submitted to BLAST analysis against sequences deposited in public databases. Similarity was identified between the SSR sequences and transcribed and non-transcribed regions, from nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes, and also with retrotransposon sequences. Both methodologies were effective for selecting, in common bean, sequences that contain microsatellites. The results obtained represent an initial effort to select molecular markers that will be mapped in the future RIL's consensus population, contributing for the construction of a satured genetic map for the species. In addition, these primers can be used in different types of genetic studies which are important for common bean breeding programs that use molecular markers. / O feijão-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é uma cultura de destacada importância nutricional, econômica e social. Programas de melhoramento genético do feijoeiro têm utilizado marcadores moleculares como importantes ferramentas auxiliares em diversos tipos de estudos genéticos. Diferentes classes de marcadores têm sido desenvolvidas, dentre as quais se destacam os microssatélites. Os microssatélites (SSR) são seqüências simples repetidas de DNA, que se repetem em tandem ao longo do genoma, formando sítios altamente polimórficos, o que possibilita o seu uso como marcas moleculares. Como marcadores, são codominantes, multialélicos, e aplicáveis em diversos tipos de estudos, principalmente no mapeamento genético. Primers que flanqueiam sequências SSR geralmente são desenhados a partir da construção de bibliotecas genômicas, bibliotecas genômicas enriquecidas, sequências depositadas em bancos de dados e, alternativamente, a partir de seqüências internas simples repetidas (ISSR). Geneticistas moleculares têm desenvolvido marcadores SSR com o intuito de mapear genes que codificam determinadas características de interesse. Entretanto, não existe um mapa consenso saturado para o feijão que sirva como referência para auxiliar na construção de mapas específicos. Nesta perspectiva, o Programa de Melhoramento Genético do Feijoeiro do BIOAGRO/UFV desenvolveu uma população de RIL s que poderá ser usada para integrar, em um único mapa, todos os marcadores SSR já desenvolvidos. No entanto, para a saturação do mapa, há necessidade de um grande número de marcadores. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de desenvolver e validar primers que amplifiquem regiões contendo microssatélites a partir da metodologia da construção de bibliotecas genômicas enriquecidas e a partir de ISSR. Na primeira metodologia, em trabalho anterior, foram construídas duas bibliotecas genômicas enriquecidas para seqüências SSR. No presente trabalho, a partir das bibliotecas genômicas desenvolvidas, foram selecionados 207 clones contendo insertos de tamanho desejado. Destes, foram seqüenciados 196 (94,68%), dos quais 184 (88,89%) puderam ser analisados, sendo 133 clones da biblioteca 1 e 51 da biblioteca 2. Foram detectados 48 (26,09%) clones redundantes. A análise dos clones permitiu identificar 66 (49,62%) motivos SSR na biblioteca 1 e 20 (39,22%) na biblioteca 2, a partir dos quais foram desenhados 56 pares de primers. Destes, 34 tiveram suas condições de amplificação otimizadas e padronizadas e foram testados quanto ao polismorfismo detectado entre 20 genótipos andinos e mesoamericanos, incluindo os genitores AND277 e Rudá. Todos os primers geraram produtos de amplificação e seis (17,65%) amplificaram produtos polimórficos entre os genótipos testados. Em relação à metodologia de enriquecimento por ISSR-PCR foram selecionados 250 clones contendo insertos com tamanho desejado, obtidos a partir da amplificação por ISSRPCR, clonagem dos fragmentos e transformação de células competentes. Dos 250 clones, 168 (67,2%) foram sequenciados e 103 (41,2%) puderam ser analisados. Foram detectados 30 clones redundantes (29,13%). A análise das sequências permitiu identificar 58 motivos microssatélites (56,31%) e foi possível o desenho de 32 pares de primers. Destes, 10 tiveram suas condições de amplificação padronizadas e foram analisados quanto ao polimorfismo detectado entre os mesmos 20 genótipos andinos e mesoamericanos utilizados na metodologia de bibliotecas genômicas enriquecidas. Dos 10 pares de primers testados, seis comportaram-se como marcadores codominantes e quatro como dominantes. Dos codominantes nenhum mostrou-se polimórfico dentre os genótipos testados. Adicionalmente, as sequências contendo motivos microssatélites, obtidas a partir das duas metodologias utilizadas, foram submetidas à busca por similaridade com sequências já caracterizadas em bancos públicos de sequências. Foi identificada similaridade com regiões transcritas e não traduzidas, e com regiões codificadoras de proteínas, a partir do genoma nuclear, mitocondrial e do cloroplasto, e também a partir de sequências advindas de retrotransposons. As duas metodologias utilizadas foram eficazes para a seleção, no feijoeiro, de seqüências contendo microssatélites. Estes resultados representam um primeiro esforço no sentido de selecionar marcadores moleculares que serão futuramente mapeados na população consenso de RILs, além de fornecer marcadores que poderão ser usados nos mais variados tipos de estudos genéticos, contribuindo de fundamental maneira para o aprimoramento dos programas de melhoramento do feijoeiro comum que utilizam marcadores moleculares.