The purpose of this study is to examine pupils’ and teachers’ perspectives and use of language strategies when speaking English. Questions that will try to be answered are: What are the teachers’ thoughts about language strategies? In the subject English, which strategies do the pupils in 6th grade use? Which strategies to communicate are used most frequently by 6th graders when speaking English unprepared? To answer these questions, interviews with teachers were held. The pupils answered a survey and were observed while talking English. Earlier studies have showed that language learning strategies are an efficient tool for people learning a second language while overcoming their language skills shortcomings that might arise while communicating in a second language. This study concludes that language learning strategies have a significant part to play in the development of a communicative competence. The teachers emphasized the importance of a good learning environment, interaction and pupils’ awareness about the language learning process. The pupils reported that they used strategies such as paraphrasing and body language, which the observation later confirmed.

Master of Arts / Department of Modern Languages / Douglas Benson / The principal objective of this paper is to provide a thematic teaching unit that explores the Aztec, Incan and Mayan cultures of Latin America, designed for a level II Spanish course. It contains theoretical underpinnings for teaching language, culture and literature while incorporating concepts related to the development of communicative competence; processing instruction; the use of scaffolding in the zone of proximal development; target language instruction; and the inclusion of authentic materials and language in the classroom. The classroom management strategies explained and used throughout the unit include pre, during and post-reading activities; small group activities that help to develop communicative competence through negotiation of meaning and interactional feedback; focused tasks and collaborative output tasks; the use of structured input, structured output and information exchange; the PACE approach to grammar teaching; and the incorporation of authentic aural and written texts. Lesson plans for an eighteen day unit consisting of 40 minute classes are outlined; the lesson objective, necessary materials, time needed for each activity, and expected results of each lesson are included. Each lesson activity is made clear through a description of the activity and instructions for the teacher. The daily lesson plans contain authentic and teacher-created materials that can be found in the appendices section. At the end of the thematic unit, students complete cumulative activities that relate indigenous cultures to present-day life in Latin America through investigating the influence of Aztec words on the Spanish and English languages, analyzing a poem about Peru, and reading an article about discrimination against Mayan descendants in Central America, Mexico and the U.S.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leila Cristina Lima dos Santos.pdf: 1081395 bytes, checksum: 3a67bb29b69ffeaf7dcbbf46174a7525 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-29 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The teaching of Portuguese, from the perspective of linguistic education, lined in the development of communicative competence that is enabled by the acquisition of skills of speaking, reading and writing. In this context, teacher education active in the State of São Paulo has a legal reference the National Curriculum and, on this basis, the Course Guide of the State of São Paulo (Project Read and Write). Whereas Educational Linguistics focuses on student learning and also the teacher, which accomplished through training, and continuing, are analyzed in this research, training and performance of the teacher of Portuguese in the early grades, and verify if they meet for teaching concepts of linguistic education. We draw the profile in a group of teachers, of 4th and 5th grades (3rd and 4th grades) operating in the State Education of São Paulo through a questionnaire and a reflection of the group held a meeting on teaching. Introducing the work of two teachers in the teaching of genres in groups of 4th grade (3th grade) and a didactic sequence on the gender workshop, conducted in a class of 4th grade (3 grade) to a self analysis. We found that the initial training courses have not prepared teachers for teaching Portuguese that find out the needs of communicative interaction among students and continuing education courses offered do not prioritize this type of education. In practice, it was shown that the unpreparedness of the professional is not actualized, and this update is only possible from own resources of the teacher / O ensino da Língua Portuguesa, na perspectiva da Educação Linguística, pauta-se no desenvolvimento da competência comunicativa que se efetiva pela aquisição de habilidades da oralidade, da leitura e da escrita. Nesse contexto, o professor atuante na rede de educação do Estado de São Paulo tem como referência legal os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais e, com base nele, o Guia Curricular do Estado de São Paulo (Projeto Ler e Escrever). Considerando que a Educação Linguística focaliza a aprendizagem do estudante e também a do professor, que é realizada por meio da formação, inicial e contínua, analisamos, nessa pesquisa, a formação e a atuação do professor de Língua Portuguesa nas séries iniciais, para verificarmos se atendem às concepções de ensino da Educação Linguística. Traçamos o perfil de um grupo de professores de 4. e 5. ano (3. e 4. série) atuantes na rede Estadual de Educação por meio de um questionário e de uma reflexão do grupo, realizada em uma reunião pedagógica. Apresentamos a atuação de duas professoras, no ensino de gêneros textuais em turmas de 4. ano (3. série) e uma sequência didática sobre o gênero seminário, que realizamos em uma turma de 4. ano (3. série), para uma auto análise. Constatamos que os cursos de formação inicial não têm preparado os professores para um ensino de Língua Portuguesa que atenda às necessidades de interação comunicativa dos estudantes e os cursos de formação contínua oferecidos também não priorizaram essa modalidade de ensino. Na prática, foi mostrado o despreparo do profissional que não se atualiza, e que essa atualização somente é possível por recursos próprios do professor

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:53:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA JOSE ALVES DE ARAUJO BORGES.pdf: 3941493 bytes, checksum: 8278dd24e86e9857ff93714a8fd01c2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-19 / The qualitative acquisition of oral comprehension and production skills in foreign languages, elements of oral proficiency, pose a challenge to a significant number of teachers and students arising from different languages teaching contexts. This study aims at understanding the lack of communicative competence in the development of oral comprehension and production skills in the process of formation and professionalization of teaching in English Language in Modern Languages Course at two campuses of the State University of Goiás (UEG), to observe and understand these gaps as well as their consequences in acquisition process this language. Initially, it sought to understand the didactic and pedagogical documents from the direct observation of activity non-participant during the regencies of curriculum components of Oral Practice Laboratory in English Language I and II English Language III and IV, application of semi-structured questionnaire, with the subjects, English teachers and students of Modern Language Course; and interviews with the coordinators of the Language Courses of campuses and the General Coordinator of Institutional and International Relations of the UEG. The data were organized into categories that express the views of students, teachers and coordinators on the methodological processes of development of the four language skills with emphasis on oral comprehension and production of the two campuses in question. The theoretical basis of this study is founded gradually within the scope of education and teacher formation process, according to the critical and reflective perspective, based on the studies of Schön (2000), Libâneo (2010; 2012), Nóvoa (1992; 1997), Tardif (2012) Sacristán (1999, 2007), Pimenta and Anastasiou (2010), Contreras (2002) among others, and in particular in the professional area in English language is chosen to Almeida Filho (1992; 2000; 2009; 2013), Vieira-Abrahão (1992; 1996; 2004), Paiva (2004; 2010), Cavalcante e Moita Lopes (1991), Celani (2011), Leffa (1988; 2001), among others; It sought also theoretical contribution to the study of theories and language teaching methods in Richards and Rodgers (1994), Oliveira (2014), Chomsky (1965), Hymes (1979 ), Larsen-Freeman (1986; 2000), Krashen (2014; 1982), Brown (1994), Widdowson (2005), Brumfit (1994), Lewis (2002; 1999), Canale (1995) among others; in addition to establishing on Consolo (2000; 2005a), Consolo and Silva (2011), Brown (1994), Vygotsky (1998; 2007), Koster (1991) among others, orality understanding and production as a focal instrument of this research, using the sociointeractionist theory of Vygotsky as essential element for the construction of orality in the acquisition of communicative competence process. The literature brings up the qualitative method, through observation techniques in loco, which does not inhibit the quantitative data collection needed for analysis; through observations, questionnaires, interviews, lesson records, through field diaries and analysis of collected materials. Data analysis shows that the limitations generated by the studied reality, undermines the effective implementation of communicative competence in English language, which also requires investment epistemological, political and above all methodological. / A aquisição qualitativa das habilidades de compreensão e produção oral em Línguas Estrangeiras, elementos da proficiência oral, representam um desafio a um número significativo de professores e alunos, oriundos de diferentes contextos de ensino de línguas. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a ausência da competência comunicativa, no âmbito do desenvolvimento das habilidades de compreensão e produção da oralidade, durante o processo de formação e profissionalização do docente em Língua Inglesa, no Curso de Letras, em dois campi da Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG), visando observar e entender tais ausências e suas consequências no processo de aquisição desse idioma. Inicialmente, buscou-se entender os documentos didático-pedagógicos, a partir da atividade de observação direta não-participante durante as regências dos componentes curriculares de Laboratório de Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I e II e Língua Inglesa III e IV, aplicação de questionários semi-estruturados, tendo como sujeitos, professores de inglês e alunos do Curso de Letras; e entrevistas com os Coordenadores dos Cursos de Letras dos campi e o Coordenador Geral das Relações Institucionais e Internacionais da UEG. Os dados foram organizados em categorias que expressam a visão dos alunos, professores e coordenadores sobre os processos metodológicos de desenvolvimento das quatro habilidades linguísticas com ênfase na compreensão e produção oral dos dois campi em questão. O embasamento teórico do presente estudo alicerça-se no escopo da educação e do processo de formação de professores, segundo a perspectiva crítico-reflexiva, baseada nos estudos de Schön (2000), Libâneo (2010; 2012), Nóvoa (1992; 1997), Tardif (2012), Sacristán (1999; 2007), Contreras (2002) dentre outros, e em específico na área de profissionalização em Língua Inglesa opta-se por Almeida Filho (1992; 2000; 2009; 2013), Vieira-Abrahão (1992; 1996; 2004), Paiva (2004; 2010), Cavalcante e Moita Lopes (1991), Celani (2011), Leffa (1988; 2001) entre outros; buscou-se também aporte teórico para o estudo de teorias e métodos de ensino de línguas em Richards e Rodgers (1994), Luft (1985), Oliveira (2014), Chomsky (1965), Hymes (1979), Larsen-Freeman (1986; 2000), Krashen (2014, 1982), Brown (1994), Widdowson (2005), Brumfit (1994), Lewis (2002; 1999), Canale (1995) dentre outros; além de estabelecerem em Consolo (2000; 2005a), Consolo e Silva (2011), Brown (1994), Vygotsky (1998; 2007), Koster (1991) dentre outros, a compreensão e produção da oralidade como instrumento focal dessa pesquisa, utilizando a teoria sociointeracionista de Vygotsky como elemento essencial para a construção da oralidade no processo de aquisição da competência comunicativa. O levantamento bibliográfico aporta-se no método qualitativo, com técnicas de observação in loco, o que não inibe a coleta quantitativa de dados necessários para análise; por meio de observações, questionários, entrevistas, registros de aulas, via diário de campo e análise de materiais coletados. A análise dos dados mostra que as limitações, geradas pela realidade estudada, inviabiliza a concretização efetiva da competência comunicativa na Língua Inglesa, que requer, ainda, investimentos epistemológicos, políticos e, sobretudo, metodológicos.

This study investigates the development of the subject of English in Swedish upper secondary schools through an analysis of the syllabi in the curricula Lgy 70, Lpf 94 and Lgy 11, with a focus on English teaching and learning. In the last 50 years, the Swedish upper secondary school has undergone three major reforms. These three reforms have had an impact on the ways of teaching the English subject. By employing Fairclough’s (1992a) three-dimensional model, the study finds that these three major reforms had an impact on English teaching and learning in terms of communicative competence and individualization and teachers’ roles. The finding is important because it indicates that the current upper secondary English classroom needs to be changed when it comes to teaching and learning methods.

This study explores the whys and wherefores of the communication difficulties experienced by Tunisian secondary school learners of English as a foreign language, and aims at offering ways out of the issue.It has been demonstrated that the issue proceeds broadly from the woeful dearth of exposure to and practice of the language and certain inadequacies of the teaching methodology.English seems to be learned as a mere curricular discipline, in that students have only a few weekly sessions confined solely to a classroom setting.The inadequacies of the teaching methodology are manifest in a number of aspects. The use of the mother tongue in EFL classes has proved to generate more harm than good. In the very framework, it has also been revealed that Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) has not been at the level of the expected outcome. Two CLT principal principles, focus on meaning to the detriment of form, and prioritizing oral fluency over written proficiency, as well as certain constraints, mainly the severe lack of instructional materials and large classes have intervened with its successful implementation in EFL classes. An added factor related to teaching methodology is the quasi‐absence of theoretical teaching as a prerequisite for the success of specific learning activities.Accordingly, exposing learners profusely to English in various ways inside and outside the classroom, adopting an only‐English eclectic approach to teaching the language, and combining theoretical instruction with practical teaching can considerably contribute to surmounting the students' learning difficulties, and hence to the achievement of their communicative competence.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-142).

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the implications and challenges of intercultural communication. An in-depth study was performed of the perspectives from people who work within an international organization. How they experience cultural differences and how they handle them, in particular when it comes to communication. Also, their perceptions of communicative competence were explored. The study was carried out at Svalorna India Bangladesh, at the Swedish office in Lund. Svalorna’s staff was interviewed on their experiences of intercultural communication. Both employees at the Swedish office and employees on location in India and Bangladesh were interviewed. The method used in the study was qualitative interviews where the interviewees could expand their answers fully as the interview developed. The main theory used was Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, presented in the thesis and considered in the study. It was concluded that being aware of cultural differences and having knowledge of other cultures but also your own is important for understanding the so-called non-verbal communication in an intercultural situation. There are also differences in to what extent a certain culture uses non-verbal communication. Both India and Bangladesh, according to the interviewees, are high context cultures whereas Sweden has a low context culture. All the interviewees had similar experiences when it comes to intercultural communication. A cultural difference in the perception of time is an example of when verbal communication can be inadequate, if one is not aware of cultural differences. Both India and Bangladesh use polychronic time whereas in Sweden monochromic time is used. This is indeed confirmed by all interviewees. Many of Hofstede’s cultural dimension theories are found to be coherent with the results of this study, for example the Individualism.

Thesis (DAppLing)--Macquarie University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Dept. of Linguistics, 2009. / Bibliography: p. 208-233.

Students with significant cognitive disabilities frequently exhibit reduced communicative and academic competence. The Low Incidence Initiative (LII) project was a professional development model designed to train school-based teams to facilitate increased communicative and academic competence with such students via distance-technology coaching. This study analyzed pre-existing data from year one of the LII. Data were analyzed to determine effectiveness of the project on communication status of students and on training school personnel to accurately identify student levels of communication, and for overall satisfaction with the project. Results indicated that all student participants demonstrated improvement in expressive communication output. 100% of students who required augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) increased in the complexity of AAC used. Some improvement in school personnel’s identification of student communication levels was demonstrated, however, the continued discrepancy between LII staff and school personnel indicates a need for additional training in this area. Qualitative analysis of survey question responses, and other anecdotal information, revealed an overwhelming satisfaction with the LII model, increased communicative sophistication of students, improvements in collaborative teaming, increased access to general curriculum for students, and improvement in school personnel skill-level. Implications of the results of this study and areas for future research are discussed.