The main purpose of this thesis is to examine and compare the development of Norwegian, Swedish and Finnish economy in the last years. Basic macroeconomic indicators are used to compare the economic development of Norway, Sweden and Finland. The thesis is divided into several parts to elaborate on the topic in a more structured way. The first chapter focuses on economic facts about these countries. The second part deals with economic development in new millennium (between 2000-2006). The following chapter compares the development of Norwegian, Swedish and Finnish economy in the economic crisis. The last chapter informs about economic development projection created on the basis of a regression analysis.

The paper is divided into 3 main parts. The first is dedicated to the general theoretical knowledge related to FDI while the second part takes a closer look at the main determinants of the FDI flows. The third part presents the effects of the crisis on FDI flow and the last part concentrates on the transition economies.

The main aim of the Thesis is to evaluate the impact of introduction of so called Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure (MIP) on the european economic governance system. This procedure was adopted as one of many measures by which the EU has responded to the economic crisis. The crisis has fully revealed, inter alia, inadequate coordination of economic policies in the EU. For a long time has been the tighter form of the coordinaton focused only on indicators of fiscal discipline. The first chapter of this thesis provides an explanation of the concept of european economic governance and its development since the signing of Treaty of Rome. The second chapter is devoted to the development and impact of the economic crisis in the EU and the measures that have been adopted at EU level in order to improve european economic governance. The core of the thesis is the third chapter which focuses on the analysis of development of indicators monitored during MIP. The fourth chapter provides an overview of the aspects that are newly included in European economic governance thanks to MIP.

Orientador: Ricardo Luiz Coltro Antunes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T10:02:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tonelo_Iuri_M.pdf: 935800 bytes, checksum: 23f75257aa73005b68f77d7fad3d4e2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como ponto de partida a pesquisa sobre o conceito de crise capitalista no pensamento de Karl Marx, em que centramos o estudo na obra O capital (particularmente livros primeiro, segundo e terceiro). A partir disso, o estudo tinha por finalidade traçar um paralelo entre o conceito de crise em Marx com as elaborações posteriores à (obra) O Capital, que dialogavam diretamente com ela, a fim de demonstrar que existe uma continuidade teórica entre o pensamento de Marx e de alguns de seus sucessores, particularmente da geração marxista russa que elaborou sobre o tema nas duas primeiras décadas do século XX ¿ levando em conta que essa continuidade teórica não se apresentou como uma reprodução dogmática das teses de Marx, mas como desenvolvimento das tendências que se apresentavam na obra de 1867, que ganharam forma histórica particularmente na virada do século XX, com o advento do imperialismo como época. Para concretizar essa análise, fizemos um breve estudo das conclusões da primeira investigação à luz de um fenômeno político expressivo dessa época, a Primeira Guerra Mundial, buscando efetivar uma leitura desse fenômeno à luz da teoria econômica e social do marxismo, em particular relacionando-o com a problemática da crise capitalista. O intuito conclusivo, portanto, visava concretizar esses dois objetivos de: a) sistematizar uma leitura da crise em Marx e b) demonstrar sua continuidade teórica no marxismo do século XX à luz de um acontecimento histórico, a Guerra Mundial, de modo a contribuir com os estudos do tema e em particular oferecer uma leitura que permita aprofundar a relação entre O Capital e estudos posteriores / Abstract: This paper has as its point of departure the research about the concept of capitalist crisis in the thought of Karl Marx, in whose main work, The Capital, we focus the study (particularly books first, second and third). The study had in its purpose trace a parallel between the concept of crisis in Marx with elaborations after The Capital, dialoguing directly with this work, with the object of demonstrating the existence of a theoretical continuity between Marx's thought and some of his successors, mainly the generation of russian marxists which elaborated the theme in the first two decades of the tweentieth century - taking into account that this theoretical continuity didn't present itself as a dogmatic reproduction of Marx's theses, but as a development of the tendencies appeared in the 1867 work, gaining historical form particularly in the turn of the tweentieth century with the advent of imperialism as a capitalist epoch. To turn the analysis concrete, we made a brief study of the conclusions in the first inquiry in the light of an expressive political phenomenon of the epoch, the First World War, trying to present its interpretation in light of the economic e social theory of marxism, relating with the problematic of capitalist crisis. In conclusion, our intention was to: a) to systematize an interpretation of crisis in Marx and b) to demonstrate its theoretical continuity in tweentieth century marxism in light of a historical event, the First World War, contributing with the studies over this theme, offering a reading which allows a penetrating comprehension of the relation between The Capital and further studies / Mestrado / Sociologia / Mestre em Sociologia

More than ten years after the largest economic crisis, which stroke the European Union in 2008 and thoroughly tested its readiness and ability to act, Europe was hit by a global pandemic of COVID-19. Because of this crisis, the European Union and its institutions faced a number of challenges, stemming from unprecedented measures imposed to tackle it. In contrast with the economic crisis, it was not only the European industrial and financial sectors but also more segments, essential to the functioning of the European Union itself, which were affected by the recent crisis. The aim of this thesis is to point out the differences of impacts of the two crisis and to find out the role played by the European Commission during the process of dealing with them.

Combating the effects of the global recession that hampered the economies of various nations has been endeavoured by many governments since 2008. The South African government’s stand to do this shows that it is possible to return the economy back to its glory days, however, the duration of this process of overturning the same is unknown. The government has raised policies and programs, one of which being the New Growth Path (NGP) to combat these effect. This programme, inter alia, calls for increased government expenditure to facilitate job creation through infrastructure development. It is trite economic principles that government expenditure has to be balanced with its revenue collection, otherwise it might lead to budget deficit. Prolonged budget deficit, naturally, is not ideal for a nation’s economy as the same increases government borrowing, results in higher taxes, and affects inflation. While government revenue is mostly financed through taxes, studies show that increasing taxes is also to the detriment for the economy. Therefore, there is a need for disenable policy stand to be taken in respect of the government’s programme, as well as the generation of revenue to support the same. In this regard, one of the ways being advanced by this research in respect of a better combating the recession is to utilise economic legislations enacted in the country. Amongst other economic legislations in South Africa this paper discusses Income Tax Act (SA ITA) (which regulate the persons to pay income taxes) and Competition Act (which regulate fair competition). The focus of this dissertation revolves around the impact competition law remedies have on the income taxation process. The aim of the research is to analyse the possible loopholes in the current legislation that might hamper a government revenue generation to support its new growth path. This was met through an extensive study of relevant literature in competition and income tax laws in South Africa and also comparative analysis with relevant laws of the United States of America (USA). The main conclusion drawn from this research is that there is an impact of the current competition law remedies on the income taxation process. This research promotes and argues for a change in approach, through government enactment of clear and certain laws both in the field of competition law and tax law. This change would assist government in raising revenue more effectively and achieve it economic growth path and, in turn, combat the global economic crisis that affected the economy. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Mercantile Law / unrestricted

Das SMWK muss in diesem Jahr 24 Millionen EUR einsparen und auch in den nächsten wird die Haushaltslage des Freistaats Sachsen angespannt und auf Konsolidierung angelegt bleiben. Auch die Bibliotheken bleiben von Kürzungen nicht verschont und dies, obwohl sie zu den bestbesuchtesten Kultureinrichtungen überhaupt gehören. So haben die sächsischen Hochschulbibliotheken 2008 über 6,6 Millionen Medien ausgeliehen. Angesichts der Personal- und Sachkürzungen werden in den folgenden Jahren innovative Wege zur Steigerung der Ausleihzahlen sowohl absolut als auch pro investierten EURO und die zunehmende Einbindung von ehrenamtlich Tätigen beschritten werden müssen.

This study aims to identify leading competencies for an economic crisis. Moreover, the studyprovides insights into how those competencies can be developed and deployed in differentstages of a crisis.  Ten pre-recorded interviews with various CEOs from the Financial Crisis 2008/09 andCovid-19 pandemic have been collected to conduct the research. The collection was basedon criteria in accordance with the research question. The interviews have been used to testand modify James and Wooten's (2010) framework. Using an abductive approach and analyzing the data based on the thematic analysis, the studyconcluded that the leading competencies for an economic crisis are communication, trust,creativity, and expertise. This study complements James and Wooten's (2010) model byclaiming that the four mentioned competencies are the building blocks in detecting earlywarning signals of crises; preparing an organization for a crisis; reducing the bad publicityamid a crisis; and returning the business to normal operations while focusing on revenuestream. Furthermore, the study acknowledges the importance of personal health, empathy,and the growing need for reskilling leaders and managers in using their competencies in aremote work environment. The study serves as a guideline for leaders who want to improve their leadershipeffectiveness. The data analysis summary presents the sub-competencies needed to enhancecommunication, trust, creativity, and expertise. Moreover, the framework highlights whichcompetencies are valuable in different stages of the crisis.

The thesis is focused on the Catalan nationalism as the nationalism of the nation without state and its changes during the economic crisis. The objective is to analyse potential impact of the economic crisis to the Catalan nationalism and its changes after 2008, firstly at the level of public opinion, secondly and mainly at the political level in the frame of the analysis of the Catalan political parties in the Catalan parliament after the elections in 2006, 2010 and 2012. The parties are divided according their demands to the central government using the Dandoy's typology. The intensification of the demands for the independence in the Catalan society and its correlation with the worsening economic indicators, as the unemployment, Catalan debt or the changes of GDP, is analysed by the linear regression analysis in the first part of the study. The connection between nationalist questions and the economic crisis is analysed in the second part of the thesis. Three tools of the election campaign in 2006, 2010 and 2012 are used for this analysis - the electoral programmes, the electoral debates and interviews in television and the electoral spots. The conclusion of the thesis is whether the nationalist demands in the Catalan society and of the Catalan political parties increased and if so, whether it is...

The aim of this thesis is to introduce the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and describe the relevance of corporate social responsibility activities. Due to the fact that, one of the basic characteristics of Corporate Social Responsibility, is long-term in character, which requires a dedication to CSR activities, even in times of financial difficulties when company does not have the optimal results, this thesis shows how selected companies fulfill the concept of CSR. The theoretical part is divided into two parts - the first is the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility, which focuses on the development, pillars, benefits and concepts associated with this concept. I deal with crisis and describe financial crisis, economic crisis, its development, causes and consequences in the next part. The empirical part of this thesis is based on the methodological triangulation - expert interviews, documented examination and comparison. This thesis sampled five selected companies and shows how these companies perceive CSR, what activities they have implemented, how to cope with the crisis that affected them and how it affected the implementation of CSR activities. Another benefit of this thesis is to expand knowledge about values of companies around the city of Kolín. The results of this...