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Des machines à produire des futurs économiques : sociologie des intelligences artificielles marchandes à l'ère du big data / Machines to produce of the economic futures : a multi-situated ethnography of artificial intelligences in the big data eraVayre, Jean-Sébastien 28 November 2016 (has links)
La plupart des experts s’accordent à dire que le big data marque une rupture. Peut-être ont-ils raison. Mais cette rupture n’est pas vraiment matérielle, ni même organisationnelle. Cela fait déjà longtemps que les grands acteurs du web explorent et exploitent quotidiennement de grandes masses de données. Si révolution il y a, elle se joue ailleurs, à la périphérie de la grande disruption que mettent en scène la plupart des promoteurs du big data. Pour s’en rendre compte, il suffit de se poser la question qui suit : en pointant le caractère révolutionnaire des mégadonnées et des dispositifs permettant de les traiter, que font ces acteurs ? Ils préparent une intégration massive des intelligences artificielles au sein des différentes sphères de la société. S’il existe une rupture, elle se trouve donc plutôt ici : dans ce mouvement que nous connaissons aujourd’hui et qui consiste, pour une grande diversité d’acteurs socioéconomiques, à s’approprier des agents de calcul qui sont toujours plus autonomes et puissants. Aussi, afin de mieux saisir les enjeux de cette démocratisation, nous proposons dans cette thèse d’étudier le cas des machines à produire des futurs économiques : quel est leur rôle au sein de ces collectifs sociotechniques que composent les marchés ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous nous appuierons sur une ethnographie multi-située que nous avons conduite de 2012 à 2015 selon une posture se trouvant à la croisée des sociologies des marchés, des sciences et des techniques. Plus précisément, nous mobiliserons un corpus d’archives ainsi qu’un important matériau d’enquête recueilli auprès de plusieurs professionnels, entreprises et salons afin d’examiner la fabrication et le fonctionnement de ces machines à prédire les avenirs marchands. Nous verrons ainsi qu’au niveau de l’environnement de conception, ces dernières sont intéressantes dans la mesure où elles sont généralement dotées d’une intelligence locale qui doit faire advenir, dans le présent, des futurs permettant d’optimiser les intérêts économiques de ceux qui les implémentent. À partir d’une série d’études et d’expérimentations portant sur les usages d’un agent de recommandation, nous montrerons que cette forme d’intelligence est toutefois discutable puisqu’elle peut comporter d’importantes ambivalences du point de vue des utilisateurs. Ceci nous permettra de souligner qu’aux niveaux cognitif et relationnel, la pertinence des machines à produire des futurs économiques doit faire l’objet d’une mise en question systématique. Les enjeux sont importants puisqu’il n’est pas impossible que leur avènement massif au sein des organisations instaure de nouvelles asymétries sur les marchés qui ne sont pas un bien pour la communauté. / The majority of experts agree to say that the big data is a rupture. Maybe are they right. But this rupture is not really material, nor even organizational. It has already been a long time that the big web actors daily exploring and exploiting the big data. If revolution there is, it is happening elsewhere, at the periphery of the great disruption that depict most of big data promoters. To being aware of, simply ask the following question: pointing the revolutionary nature of big data and devices are provided to treat, what these actors are they doing? They are preparing a massive integration of artificial intelligences within the various spheres of society. If there is a rupture, it is therefore rather here: in this movement that we know today and which consists, for a great diversity of socioeconomic actors, to appropriate of the calculation agents that are increasingly autonomous and powerful. So in order to better understand the issues of this democratization, we propose in this thesis to study the case of machines to produce of the economic futures: what is their role within the socio-technical collectives that compose the markets? To answer this question, we will draw on a multi-situated ethnography we conducted from 2012 to 2015 according to a posture situated at the intersection of market, science and technology sociologies. Specifically, we will be mobilizing a corpus of archives and an important investigative material collected from several professionals, companies and salons to discuss the design and operation of these machines to predict merchant futures. We will see at the level of design environment, these machines are interesting in so far as they generally have a local intelligence that has to happen, in the present, of futures allowing to optimize the economic interests of those that implement. Starting from a series of studies and experimentations dealing with the use of a recommendation agent, we will show that this intelligence is debatable because it may entail of considerable ambivalences from the users point of view. This will allow us to emphasize that cognitive and relational levels, the relevance of the machines to produce of the economic futures must be the subject to a systematic questioning. The stakes are high because it is not impossible that the massive advent of these machines within the organizations introduces new asymmetries in markets that are not a good for the community.
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新創事業體之競爭與挑戰–以宏碁自建雲數位看板為例 / Challenges of New Business Venture: A Case Study of Acer Being Signage施嵐, Shih, Lan Unknown Date (has links)
數位時代來臨,過去在戶外見到的傳統招牌廣告、商店內張貼的紙本海報,或是速食店(Quick Service Restaurant)的菜單,現在都漸漸由數位看板取代。根據Global Industry Analysts的預測,2017年全球數位看板市場規模約為138億美元。宏碁自建雲部門於2012年起致力於發展雲端相關之產品,看好數位看板的高成長性,宏碁將數位看板與自身雲端系統結合,在德國成功銷售了8,000台數位看板解決方案。2017年,宏碁取得前線媒體的影像辨識感應器技術,並將其應用到宏碁智雲看板解決方案上,讓「眼球經濟」商業化,成為創新的商業模式。透過積極的入股和策略聯盟,宏碁不斷優化自身的銷售組合以及商業模式,希望將營運宏碁智雲看板的Acer Being Signage Gmbh德國子公司成為宏碁自建雲第一個上市的事業體。
本研究將探討宏碁智雲看板的商業模式,同時,給予其建議,使其能與競爭者差異化以達到目標所需之銷售量。 / Digital transformation age has come. Digital Signage replaced the traditional out-of-home media such as plastic advertising signs, posters in stores and paper menus in quick service restaurants. According to the estimation by Global Industry Analysts, Digital Signage Market value in 2017 is about 13.8 billion USD. Acer BYOC department focused on developing cloud-based related products. Considering the high potential of digital signage, Acer BYOC combined cloud technology with signage, and successfully sold 8,000 digital signage solution in Germany by its subsidiary Acer Being Signage GmbH. In 2017, Acer BYOC acquired the technique of Behavior Tracking System from Pilot TV and applied it on the digital signage solution. Acer commercialize “eye economy” into its business model for innovation. By altering and fine-tuning its product mix and business model, Acer hope that Acer Being Signage GmbH could be the first listing business unit in BYOC.
This thesis will discuss about Acer ‘s current business model, as well as offering suggestions so that Acer can be differentiated from its competitors and increase the sales volume.
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Att marknadsföra översatt litteratur : En komparativ analys av den tyska utgivningen av Sara Stridsbergoch den svenska utgivningen av Silke ScheuermannRüegg, Jana January 2016 (has links)
Adapting literature from a cultural context to another is the main theme of my master's thesis. The aim is to determine how publishing houses adapt a book from a different cultural context to their own, and if there are any specific marketing choices being made during the publishing process.The thesis highlights two authors, Sara Stridsberg from Sweden and Silke Scheuermann from Germany. Interviews have been made with the publishers, editors and translators of the translated novels. One of the main themes is to be able to showcase differences between the Swedish and the German publishing business and their particular cultural characteristics in working with translated novels. I have found that the brand of a publishing house is important when making publishing decisions. For larger publishing houses, the economical capital is of importance, and for smaller publishing houses the cultural capital tends to be of a higher value. The book market is becoming more defined by the economy of attention and economization of culture, which is showing in all different aspects of the business; publishing houses, newspapers and agents are all adapting towards a more economic focus.
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