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Immigrating into a new country can be a stressful, emotional and traumatic experience. Many immigrants have entered Sweden in recent years and have found the family dynamics have altered and that the children have taken on a more dominant role. Children have learned the language quicker and have therefore integrated into society more easily than their parents which has increased the children’s ability to use their knowledge regarding Swedish society to manipulate the parents. This study aims to investigate how family dynamics alter following immigration and also the challenges and opportunities faced by families with regards integration within Swedish society. A qualitative method was used with semi structured questions to professionals working within this field. The results were analysed using a flexible approach and common themes were abstracted and discussed using systems theory, social learning theory and also previous research. From the findings it could be identified that there were gaps in the system in supporting the parents on integrating into Swedish society. It was also evident that the power dynamics changed following immigration and the children had a more dominant role within the family.

O câncer de mama é uma doença que mobiliza o sistema familiar da mulher que o apresenta, e a forma como os familiares ajustam-se à doença tem efeito sobre o processo de enfrentamento da mulher. Conhecer a dinâmica familiar e identificar aspectos da interação entre os membros da família que ficam comprometidos com o surgimento da doença e que prejudicam o ajustamento e a qualidade de vida das mulheres e seus familiares é uma das etapas iniciais para se desenvolver serviços adequados à população em foco. A utilização de instrumentos de avaliação do funcionamento familiar, adequadamente construídos e validados, é uma estratégia que tem se mostrado como de grande relevância. No Brasil, não foram encontrados instrumentos que atendessem a esse fim. Portanto, optou-se pela adaptação transcultural e validação de um instrumento norte-americano de avaliação familiar, o que consistiu no objetivo desse estudo. O instrumento escolhido foi a Family Dynamics Measure II (FDM II), uma escala composta por 66 itens construída por um grupo de enfermeiras com base na teoria do sistema familiar saudável de Barnhill. O processo de adaptação do instrumento envolveu a tradução, a retro-tradução, a verificação da equivalência da versão retro-traduzida pela autora principal da escala, a análise semântica e duas análises da validade de face e de conteúdo por juízes. Para o teste das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento, foram realizadas análises de construto por meio da análise fatorial e por meio da validade convergente com a Escala de Ansiedade e Depressão Hospitalar (HADS), e a análise da fidedignidade por meio do cálculo da consistência interna dos itens (alfa de Cronbach). A versão adaptada da FDM II, a HADS e uma ficha de identificação sócio-demográfica foram aplicadas a uma amostra de 251 familiares de mulheres portadoras de câncer de mama, atendidas em dois serviços de saúde do interior do estado de São Paulo. O produto da análise semântica e da validade de face e de conteúdo por juízes resultou em uma versão da FDM II em português adaptada para uso no Brasil. A análise fatorial mostrou que a versão adaptada não confirmou a dimensionalidade teórica do instrumento. Porém, foi semelhante à obtida pelas autoras na análise fatorial do instrumento original. Na análise da validade convergente da FDM II com a HADS, as correlações entre as medidas de ansiedade e depressão e as medidas das dimensões da FDM II foram inversas de moderada a baixa intensidade. E na análise da fidedignidade, a consistência interna dos itens foi muito boa (α = 0,90), apesar dos coeficientes por dimensão serem mais baixos. Concluindo, a versão adaptada da FDM II foi considerada válida, e sugerem-se novos estudos para fortalecer essa evidência. / Breast cancer is a disease that affects the woman\'s family and, the way the family faces the disease affects the woman coping process. Knowing the family dynamics and identifying interaction aspects among the relatives affected by the disease, and that may damage the coping process and life quality of the woman and her family, is an initial stage to develop adequate services for the focused population. The use of well constructed and reliable tools to assess the family dynamics is a relevant strategy. Tools of that kind, to achieve such results, were not available in Brazil. Therefore, the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a north-American instrument for family assessment was chosen to supply this need and became the purpose of this study. The chosen scale was the Family Dynamics Measure II (FDM II), a 66 items questionnaire, built by a group of nurses and based on Barnhill\'s healthy family system. The adaptation process involved the translation, back-translation, assessment of the equivalence between the original and the back-translated version by the main scale\'s author, a semantic analysis and two face and content validity assessments by judges. For the psychometric properties tests of the instrument, analysis of the construct were carried out by means of factor analysis and convergent validity towards Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); and reliability analysis, through items internal consistency calculation (Cronbach\'s alpha). The FDM II adapted version, HADS, and a socio-demographic identification form were submitted to a sample with 251 breast cancer women\'s relatives, in treatment at two health services facilities in Sao Paulo state. The product of the semantic and the face and content validity analysis resulted in a version of the FDM II in Portuguese adapted for use in Brazil. Factor analysis showed that the adapted version did not confirm the theoretical dimensionality. However, it was like to those obtained by the authors at the factor analysis on the original instrument. At the convergent validity analysis on FDM II and HADS, the correlation between anxiety and depression measurements and the FDM II dimensions measurements were inverted, from moderate to low intensity. At the reliability analysis, the items internal consistency were very good (α = 0,90), despite the low coefficients by dimension. The conclusion is that the FDM II adapted version was considered valid and new studies to strengthen this evidence are suggested.

O diagnóstico do câncer de uma maneira geral, em particular do câncer de mama, tem o potencial de provocar desequilíbrio psicosocial não somente nas pessoas acometidas pela doença, mas também no contexto familiar. Assim, objetivou-se neste estudo identificar as percepções de familiares sobre a dinâmica familiar após o câncer de mama, bem como as diferenças quanto: composição familiar, gênero, idade, nível educacional e ocupação. O estudo seguiu as premissas da pesquisa tipo exploratória-descritiva. Participaram do estudo 23 familiares constituintes de 10 famílias de mulheres com câncer de mama. Utilizou-se como procedimento metodológico para coleta de dados, entrevistas individuais gravadas e transcritas na íntegra. Analisaram-se os dados por meio de análise de conteúdo, buscando identificar unidades temáticas relacionadas às dimensões da dinâmica familiar, conforme descrito por Barnhill. Os resultados revelaram que os familiares independente da idade, nível educacional e ocupação, mostraram aspectos positivos da dinâmica familiar. Quanto ao gênero feminino, este na visão dos maridos e filhos coloca-se em posição de destaque na reorganização da unidade familiar. Os achados mostraram que o câncer de mama em um membro familiar tem a capacidade de provocar alterações na dinâmica familiar; por outro lado, as famílias utilizaram potenciais de cada membro, em particular, na busca da estabilidade familiar. / The diagnosis of cancer, in general, and of breast cancer in particular has the potential to cause a psychosocial instability not only in the person with the disease, but also in the family context. Therefore, the author aimed at identifying the perceptions of family members about the family dynamics after breast cancer, as well as the differences regarding: family composition, gender, age, literacy level and occupation. This was an exploratory and descriptive research with 23 family members of 10 families of women with breast cancer. In order to collect data, the author used individual interviews that were recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed through content analysis, aiming at identifying the thematic units related to the family dynamics as described by Barnhill. The results revealed that the family members, independently of their age, literacy level and occupation, showed positive aspects of the family dynamics. Regarding the feminine gender, this in the view of husband and children was placed in an important position in the reorganization of the family unit. The findings showed that the breast cancer in a family member causes alterations in the family dynamics and, on the other hand, the families use the potentials of each member, in particular, in the search for family stability.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-08-28T17:32:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 35e.pdf: 325255 bytes, checksum: b6ea837aaef918a0fc50f6108ace231b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-28T17:32:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 35e.pdf: 325255 bytes, checksum: b6ea837aaef918a0fc50f6108ace231b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Nenhuma / O TDAH é um dos transtornos mentais mais comuns da infância e adolescência, sendo estimado que de 3 a 5% das crianças em idade escolar apresentam este transtorno. Sua etiologia é ainda bastante discutida, não havendo um consenso. A literatura aponta muitos estudos que entendem que o TDAH é um transtorno do desenvolvimento, de forte influência neurobiológica. Por outro lado, a relação de fatores psicossociais e familiares com a ocorrência de TDAH na prole tem sido estudada por diversos autores que apontam que conflitos familiares e conjugais são maiores em famílias com crianças com este transtorno, embora não esteja ainda claro se tais conflitos sucedem ou precedem o desenvolvimento do mesmo na criança. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as características das relações familiares e conjugais de famílias com crianças com indicadores de TDAH. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativoexploratória, adotando-se o procedimento de estudos de caso. Os resultados evidenciaram dinâmicas familiares e conjugais disfuncionais e bastante conflituadas. As relações parentais foram caracterizadas por uma série de dificuldades de manejo, talvez influenciadas por conflitos anteriores do casal, outro ponto em comum entre os casos. Outro aspecto a ser destacado é a importância e intensidade dos aspectos transgeracionais nos casos estudados, o que evidenciou uma continuidade do modelo de funcionamento familiar e conjugal que os casais parentais tiveram em suas famílias de origem e que se perpetuou em suas novas famílias. Os resultados foram organizados em dois artigos empíricos: o primeiro deles que discute a dinâmica familiar de crianças com indicadores de TDAH; e o segundo artigo, que apresenta um estudo de caso único, cujo foco foi a conjugalidade em famílias com crianças com TDAH. / ADHD is one of the most common disorders in childhood and adolescence, with estimated 3 to 5% school children presenting it. Its etiology is still widely debated, and there is no common sense about it. Literature has shown many studies according to which ADHD is a developmental disorder with strong neurobiological influence. On the other hand, the relationship between psychosocial and family factors and the occurrence of ADHD in the offspring has been studied by several authors who point out that family and marital conflicts are bigger in families with children presenting this disorder, although it has not become clear yet whether such conflicts precede or succeed its development in the child. This study aims at analyzing the characteristics of family and marital relationships in families with children with ADHD indicators. In order to do so, a qualitative-exploratory approach was used with case studies. Outcomes have shown dysfunctional and quite conflicted family dynamics. Parental relationships have been characterized by a variety of handling difficulties, perhaps influenced by the couple’s former conflicts, another characteristic that these cases had in common. Other elements to be highlighted are the importance and intensity of transgenerational aspects in the cases studied, which pointed to a continuation of model of family and marital functioning that the parental couples had had in their original families, and that was perpetuated in their new families. The outcomes have been organized in two empirical articles: the first one discusses the family dynamics of children with ADHD indicators; the second one presents a single case study, whose focus was the conjugality in families with children with ADHD.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-06-20T14:41:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HeronFloresNogueiraTeseParcial2017.pdf: 1090458 bytes, checksum: 7fb58690cffa20a016340355c25897be (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-06-20T14:42:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HeronFloresNogueiraTeseParcial2017.pdf: 1090458 bytes, checksum: 7fb58690cffa20a016340355c25897be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-20T14:42:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HeronFloresNogueiraTeseParcial2017.pdf: 1090458 bytes, checksum: 7fb58690cffa20a016340355c25897be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-26 / Childhood obesity has reached levels never seen in our history. The family environment is one of the factors that can contribute to the emergence and maintenance of obesity, on the other hand, the participation of families is also considered as fundamental in prevention and treatment. In the literature there is notably a shortage of studies that focus on this issue. The present research has as general objective to perform a psychosocial intervention with families of obese children and to investigate their experiences and perceptions about possible changes in family dynamics, eating habits and lifestyle. This is a qualitative research through action research from the perspective of the Systemic Approach to the Family. Three families with children diagnosed with obesity participated in this study, living in different administrative regions of the Federal District and having an average family income of two minimum wages. The instruments used for the collection were: family life cycle interview script, genogram, scripts for the Multifamily Group (MG), follow-up interview script, HAT-Helpful Aspects of Therapy and the CCI-Client Change Interview. After the signing of the Informed Consent Term, the families were interviewed separately and the genogram was built, with an average duration of two hours, at the UCB Applied Psychology Training Center (CEFPA). After a few weeks, in the same place, the families participated in the GM, which happened in five meetings, with biweekly intervals, each with an average duration of three hours. For these steps the researcher counted on scholarship students of Scientific Initiation of the course of Psychology. After two years, the families were interviewed by the researcher in their homes (follow-up) and each interview lasted an average of two hours. All stages of the research were recorded in audios, whose contents were later transcribed in full. The analysis of the information was made in the light of the Qualitative Epistemology in which the researcher realizes a constructive-interpretative production, and discussed based on the contribution of the systemic theory. The main aspects observed and discussed were organized in three stages: 1) the interview of the family life cycle: knowing the family and its history - the information collected showed the gestation of the babies without planning; Interaction pattern with conflicts, absence of parental authority and diffuse internal borders; Inadequate food pattern and difficulties in adhering to treatments. 2) The GM: interaction, learning and growth - transgenerational influences on the current food pattern and extensive family interferences; Difficulties in exercising the parental role and promoting adequate nutrition; Meanings of feeding and expression of intrafamilial affections; Attempts to make changes, and 3) the follow-up interview: revisiting families - jobs and activities remembered with ease; The changes made possible after the interventions; Current family dynamics with the presence of limits, authority and health care; Family contributions to the intervention model and expectations for the future. The present study, therefore, analyzed the families' experience in the psychosocial intervention, providing an in-depth and complex reading of the different factors related to childhood obesity and the family. This study can contribute to preventive actions and treatment of obesity, as well as help in the promotion of new research on the disease. / A obesidade infantil atingiu índices nunca vistos na nossa história. O ambiente familiar é um dos fatores que podem contribuir para o surgimento e manutenção da obesidade, por outro lado, a participação das famílias é apontada também como fundamental na prevenção e no tratamento. Na literatura há notadamente uma escassez de estudos que enfoquem essa questão. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo geral realizar uma intervenção psicossocial com famílias de crianças obesas e investigar suas vivências e percepções sobre possíveis mudanças na dinâmica familiar, nos hábitos alimentares e no estilo de vida. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa por meio de pesquisa-ação numa perspectiva da Abordagem Sistêmica da Família. Participaram deste estudo três famílias com crianças diagnosticadas com obesidade, moradoras de diferentes regiões administrativas do Distrito Federal e possuem renda familiar média de dois salários mínimos. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta foram: roteiro de entrevista do ciclo de vida familiar, genograma, roteiros para o Grupo Multifamiliar (GM), roteiro de entrevista de follow-up, HAT-Helpful Aspects of Therapy e o CCI-Client Change Interview. Após a assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, as famílias foram entrevistadas separadamente e foi construído o genograma, com duração média de duas horas, no Centro de Formação em Psicologia Aplicada (CEFPA) da UCB. Após algumas semanas, no mesmo local, as famílias participaram do GM, que aconteceu em cinco encontros, com intervalos quinzenais, cada um com duração média de três horas. Para essas etapas o pesquisador contou com alunos bolsistas de Iniciação Científica do curso de Psicologia. Após dois anos, as famílias foram entrevistadas pelo pesquisador em suas residências (follow-up) e cada entrevista teve duração média de duas horas. Todas as etapas da pesquisa foram registradas em áudios, cujo conteúdo foi posteriormente transcrito na íntegra. A análise das informações foi feita à luz da Epistemologia Qualitativa em que o pesquisador realiza uma produção construtivo-interpretativa, e discutidas com base no aporte da teoria sistêmica. Os principais aspectos observados e discutidos foram organizados em três etapas: 1) a entrevista do ciclo de vida familiar: conhecendo a família e sua história – as informações levantadas mostraram a gestação dos bebês sem planejamento; padrão interacional com conflitos, ausência de autoridade parental e fronteiras internas difusas; padrão alimentar inadequado e dificuldades em aderir aos tratamentos. 2) O GM: interação, aprendizado e crescimento – influências transgeracionais no padrão alimentar atual e interferências das famílias extensas; dificuldades de exercer o papel parental e promover alimentação adequada; significados da alimentação e expressão dos afetos intrafamiliares; tentativas de realizar mudanças e 3) a entrevista de follow-up: revisitando as famílias - os trabalhos e as atividades lembrados com facilidade; as mudanças possibilitadas após as intervenções; dinâmicas familiares atuais com presença de limites, autoridade e cuidados com a saúde; contribuições das famílias para o modelo de intervenção e expectativas para o futuro. O presente trabalho, portanto, analisou a vivência das famílias na intervenção psicossocial proporcionando uma leitura aprofundada e complexa dos diferentes fatores relacionados à obesidade infantil e à família. Este estudo pode contribuir para ações preventivas e de tratamento da obesidade, assim como auxiliar no fomento de novas investigações sobre a doença.

O diagnóstico do câncer de uma maneira geral, em particular do câncer de mama, tem o potencial de provocar desequilíbrio psicosocial não somente nas pessoas acometidas pela doença, mas também no contexto familiar. Assim, objetivou-se neste estudo identificar as percepções de familiares sobre a dinâmica familiar após o câncer de mama, bem como as diferenças quanto: composição familiar, gênero, idade, nível educacional e ocupação. O estudo seguiu as premissas da pesquisa tipo exploratória-descritiva. Participaram do estudo 23 familiares constituintes de 10 famílias de mulheres com câncer de mama. Utilizou-se como procedimento metodológico para coleta de dados, entrevistas individuais gravadas e transcritas na íntegra. Analisaram-se os dados por meio de análise de conteúdo, buscando identificar unidades temáticas relacionadas às dimensões da dinâmica familiar, conforme descrito por Barnhill. Os resultados revelaram que os familiares independente da idade, nível educacional e ocupação, mostraram aspectos positivos da dinâmica familiar. Quanto ao gênero feminino, este na visão dos maridos e filhos coloca-se em posição de destaque na reorganização da unidade familiar. Os achados mostraram que o câncer de mama em um membro familiar tem a capacidade de provocar alterações na dinâmica familiar; por outro lado, as famílias utilizaram potenciais de cada membro, em particular, na busca da estabilidade familiar. / The diagnosis of cancer, in general, and of breast cancer in particular has the potential to cause a psychosocial instability not only in the person with the disease, but also in the family context. Therefore, the author aimed at identifying the perceptions of family members about the family dynamics after breast cancer, as well as the differences regarding: family composition, gender, age, literacy level and occupation. This was an exploratory and descriptive research with 23 family members of 10 families of women with breast cancer. In order to collect data, the author used individual interviews that were recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed through content analysis, aiming at identifying the thematic units related to the family dynamics as described by Barnhill. The results revealed that the family members, independently of their age, literacy level and occupation, showed positive aspects of the family dynamics. Regarding the feminine gender, this in the view of husband and children was placed in an important position in the reorganization of the family unit. The findings showed that the breast cancer in a family member causes alterations in the family dynamics and, on the other hand, the families use the potentials of each member, in particular, in the search for family stability.

Using Adlerian family counselling, Family mapping, Dreikurs’ four goals of children’s misbehavior, lifestyle assessment, and the mistaken goals of parents, participants will get a chance to understand their own family-of-origin dynamics as well as how to re-orient current family interactions or work with other families. Demonstrations will be used.

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to both physical and cognitive impairment over time. Eventually, these impairments may include the loss of autonomy, and the individual may require the assistance of an informal caregiver. Informal caregivers are critical in the care of individuals with PD and spend substantial time providing care, which may be associated with negative caregiver outcomes such as burden, mental health issues, as well as poor family dynamics. Although research in the United States and Europe has generally supported these relations, there is very limited research on PD caregiving in Latin America. Given the rapidly aging population of Latin America, research suggests that the prevalence of PD is likely to increase substantially. Although cultural values such as familism may encourage informal caregiving in Latin America, very little is known about either PD patient or caregiver experiences in the region and how they may differ from those in the United States and Europe. As such, the current study built upon Pearlin’s caregiving stress process model to examine how PD-related impairments, caregiver burden and mental health, and family dynamics may differ between the United States and Mexico and to examine connections among the following variables in a sample of PD caregivers from the United States and Mexico: (a) PD-related impairments (motor and non-motor symptoms) and caregiver burden, (b) caregiver burden and caregiver mental health, (c) PD-related impairments and mental health through caregiver burden, and (d) family dynamics which may moderate these relations. The current study consisted of caregivers of individuals with PD (total N = 253) from the United States (N = 105) and Mexico (N = 148). A series of t-tests and mediational models were conducted to determine the connections among PD-related impairments, caregiver burden and mental health, and family dynamics. Results suggested that caregivers from the United States site experienced higher levels of caregiver burden, although there were no significant differences in caregiver mental health. Further, caregiver burden fully mediated the relation between PD-related impairments and caregiver mental health at both study sites, although family dynamics did not moderate these mediational models as hypothesized. Despite the importance of cultural values such as familism in Latin America, family dynamics explained more variance in the model at the United States site than at the Mexico site. Exploratory analyses found that caregivers from the Mexico site more frequently reported suicidal and self-injurious thoughts but did not find a significant disparity in self-reported gender of the caregiver. Overall, the current study identified significant relations among PD-related impairments, caregiver burden and mental health, and family dynamics among caregivers of individuals with PD from the United States and Mexico. Findings from the current study highlight a number of important interventions for caregivers and families, including caregiver burden and mental health, as well as family dynamics.

Criticism surrounding the children of the Gladney family in Don DeLillo’s novel White Noise remains a contested issue. I argue the children and their social environment reflect Lee Edelman’s analysis of the Child figure and its bolstering of reproductive futurism. The Child figure upholds a heteronormative social order that precludes equal rights and social viability for non-normative family structures and those opposed to an inherently conservative ideology. I find the continually evolving family structure elicits new dynamics among its members, offering greater social independence for all, which institutes a stronger familial bond and ensures a greater chance for its vitality. The Gladney family share such a dynamic; this is observed through the specific roles its members perform and the relations among them. Furthermore, I contend the Gladney family represent a model for maintaining group vitality, which is first required for organized political action against our inequitable social order.