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As social media has become more entwined with society, parents are facing fears around how their children use them, and who they connect with. As a result, some resort to parental control technologies that enable them to surveil their children’s online activities. However, for LGBTQ+ youth this can have large consequences, since the access to like-minded community is important for these peoples’ abilities to cope with their minority status. The study therefore explores in what ways LGBTQ+ youth (ages 18-27) experience of using social media is shaped by experiences of living under surveillance and control enabled by design and practices used by parents. This includes both general surveillance practices on social media, rather than focusing on explicit parental control technologies. The research employs a qualitative case study approach, combining self-reporting diary entries and semi-structures one-to-one interviews with six participants. The data was analyzed through a thematic analysis. We took great caution in how we conducted the study, since it can be a sensitive topic for the participants, and as a part of this examined our relation to the setting and how that could affect the research. We found that surveillance was far more diffuse than expected, consisting by an ever-shifting landscape of methods and counter-methods by parents and children respectively. However, we found that the less control the participants have over the audience of what they share, the less free they are to share their lives. This ends up alienating them as users, and risking isolating them from the possibilities of alternative support networks that could escape control and surveillance. These alternative support structures are necessary for the participants, because the reason they can’t escape the control is often due to dependency on their parents, often economic. The participants experiences underscore the lack of prioritization for minority groups such as the ones in the LGBTQ+ in platform design, something that we think must change.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Family Studies and Human Services / John E. Grable and Kristy L. Archuleta / The efficient operation and succession of family owned businesses plays a critical role in our national economic health. This study was built upon the Family Business Succession Model, which is based on family systems theory. The impact of owner characteristics, enterprise characteristics, business formalizing activities, family influence, access to resources, and external environmental conditions, all on the extensiveness of family business succession preparedness, was assessed. These results were moderated by the generation of the business. With an exploratory and descriptive methodology, primary survey data were obtained from family business owners in Missouri, Illinois, and Kansas. Research results provide family business advisors with important insight for developing recommendations around improving the extensiveness of family business succession preparedness, provide important policy implications, and serve as a basis for additional theory development in family business succession planning.

Un tiers des enfants de moins de 18 ans ne vivent pas avec leurs deux parents biologiques à Madagascar. En effet, les « ruptures familiales » entrainent souvent des situations de monoparentalité (liées à un divorce, une séparation des parents ou un veuvage), de recomposition familiale et de confiage d’enfants. Il s’agit ici de se pencher sur la dynamique familiale autour de ces discontinuités, en analysant les différents schémas de prise en charge intra-familiale des enfants. Cette perspective permet ainsi de comprendre les processus qui ont mené à ces ruptures mais surtout de rendre compte de la complexité des décisions de prise en charge des enfants selon les formes de ruptures vécues. En s’appuyant sur une analyse des Enquêtes Démographiques et de Santé (EDS), des entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés dans deux régions distinctes de Madagascar (Toliara et Antananarivo) où la proportion d’enfants ne vivant pas avec les deux parents est très différente l’une de l’autre. Une analyse des histoires familiales souligne les différents déterminants de la prise en charge des enfants pour chaque type de ruptures et montre qu’il existe des modèles-types de prise en charge et des spécificités socio-culturelles dans les deux régions. Nous examinons le maintien des solidarités familiales face à la crise économique grandissante dans laquelle vivent les ménages. En outre, nous mettons en lumière la place de la grand-parentalité dans l’éducation et le confiage d’enfants. / One third of children under 18 years are not living with their two biological parents in Madagascar. Indeed, "family breakdowns" often lead to single parenthood (related to a divorce, parental separation or widowhood), to stepfamilies and to child fostering. This thesis addresses the family dynamics around these discontinuities, analyzing different patterns of care of children within the family. This perspective allows us to understand the processes that led to these failures but also to account for the complexity of decisions about support children according to the form of disruption experienced. Based on a previous analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data, semi-structured interviews were conducted in two regions of Madagascar (Antananarivo and Toliara) where the proportions of children not living with both parents are very different. An analysis of family histories highlights the various determinants of child care for each type of failure.and will show if there are standard models of care and socio-cultural specificities for the two regions. We also examine whether family solidarities remain in a context ofa growing economic crisis. In addition, we will highlight the role of grand-parenting in education and child fostering.

Cette thèse s’est interrogée principalement sur le lien entre l’entraide familiale et la fécondité en contexte de pauvreté. Elle a donc mis en relief l’impact sur la fécondité des changements des comportements des ménages vis-à-vis de l’entraide familiale. Nous avons tenté d’identifier les facteurs de la baisse de la fécondité observée au Cameroun, et de discuter l’idée selon laquelle un affaiblissement du système de l’entraide familiale serait un déterminant de la fécondité. Entre autres, nous avons cherché aussi à relever les transformations subies par les ménages camerounais (configuration et composition), dues à l’impact de la pauvreté sur leurs organisations. En guise de résultats, outre le début d’un affaiblissement du système d’entraide familiale, d’autres facteurs tels que la baisse de la mortalité infanto-juvénile, etc., expliquent la baisse de la fécondité au Cameroun. Si l’on observe donc une persistance de l’entraide familiale au Cameroun malgré la pauvreté, notons néanmoins une montée en puissance de la nucléarisation de la famille qui se traduit par une préférence d’aider ses proches à distance au travers du soutien financier, au lieu de les avoir près de soi à travers la cohabitation. / This thesis wondered mainly about the link between the family mutual aid and the fertility in context of poverty. Thus she accentuated the impact on the fertility of the changes of the behavior of the households towards the family mutual aid. We tried to identify the factors of the reduction in the fertility observed in Cameroon, and tu discuss the idea according to which a weakening of the system of the family mutual aid would be a determiner of fertility. Among others, we also looked to raise the transformations undergone by the Cameroonian households (configuration and composition), due the impact of the poverty on their organizations. By way of results, besides the beginning of a weakening of the system of family mutual aid, other factors such as the reduction in the infanto-young mortality, etc., explain the reduction of the fertylity in Cameroon. If we thus observe an obstinacy of the family mutual aid in Cameroon in spite of the poverty, let us note nevertheless an increase in importance of the nuclearization of family which is translated by a preference to help his remote relations through the financial support, instead of having them near one through the cohabitation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:16:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6054.pdf: 4540208 bytes, checksum: 32dbc561cd6bd69bb1d6b60afc4b3d6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-10 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Solidary economy in Brazil appeared in the 1980s, when inflation rates and unemployment were high. It encouraged the organization of workers in cooperatives to recover the companies they worked for and that had failed, and thus keep theirjobs. The recyclable waste pickers emerged in Brazil because of the social exclusion that part of the population was exposed, around the 1950s, and began to organize themselves into cooperatives by the need of continue working after the banning of picking at landfills and dumpsites. This organization came in partnership with government, religious institutions, NGOs and universities, among other supporters. Actually, it s observed that cooperatives of recyclable waste pickers are not only composed of ex-pickers of the landfills and dumpsites, but also of other workers that are facing unemployment in current times. For the organization of economic-solidary cooperatives, it is necessary for the pickers to acquire knowledge about the nature of the project and about the progress of work. They also need the promotion of the socio-technical adaptations (STA) for the development of social technologies (TS) that that allow their development and sustainability. This process, which influences the organizational form of the enterprise, depending on how it occurs, it will need the partnership between the various agents involved in the movement of solidary economy. The consideration of various knowledges in search of a suitable scientific and technological production that benefits the people, is in keeping of the principles of the field science, technology and society (STS). Whereas that the economic and social inclusion and the labor have influence in the life of the individual and that the solidary economy with their values - solidary, individual freedom, income distribution equally, associative or cooperative organization of work and self-management-, proposes a new form of organization the work, as well as providing the economic and social inclusion, the objective of this work it to investigate the influences of labor economic-solidary relations in the family dynamics of the recyclable waste pickers. The method used is the oral history, and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect stories about the lives of family groups of the pickers, who are members of a joint economic-solidary cooperative (COOPERVIDA) located in the city of São Carlos-SP. The interviews were transcribed and after they were validated by the interviewed people, by the transcriation process. After this validation, the transcribed data were analyzed using the technique of content analysis. Before the interviews, it was done a field work in the cooperative, with the use of the participant observation technique which was conducted in search of understanding how internal working relationships occur and how the solidary economy and cooperative working relationships traverses the environment. Among the results, we can cite the lack of AST that contribute to the organization of work processes in the cooperative; the economic and solidary principles permeate the relationships in the cooperative, but not entirely; that there is a demand for training of new cooperative to acquire knowledge about the work; families presented influences of the relations of economic-solidary work in their family dynamics, organizing their routine in a egalitarian and solidary way; and that even without being able to define what is solidary economy, the collectors and families develop behavior permeated by its principles. It s indicated the need to develop state policy, including family in programs and actions performed. / A economia solidária começou a aparecer no Brasil na década de 1980, quando os índices inflacionários e de desemprego estavam altos. Ela estimulou a organização de trabalhadores em cooperativas para recuperarem as empresas em que trabalhavam e que haviam falido, e assim, manterem seus postos de trabalho. Os catadores de materiais recicláveis surgiram no Brasil pela exclusão social a que parte da população foi submetida, em torno da década de 1950, e começaram a se organizar em cooperativas pela necessidade de continuar trabalhado, após a proibição de catar nos aterros sanitários e lixões. Esta organização ocorreu em parceria com o poder público, instituições religiosas, ONGs e universidades, dentre outros apoiadores. Atualmente, observa-se que as cooperativas de catadores não são compostas somente de ex- catadores de aterros e lixões, mas também de outros trabalhadores vítimas do desemprego em épocas atuais. Para a organização dos empreendimentos econômico-solidários, é necessário que os catadores se apropriem de conhecimentos necessários sobre a natureza do empreendimento e sobre o desenvolvimento do trabalho. É preciso também que sejam realizadas adaptações sociotécnicas (AST) para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias sociais (TS) que possibilitem seu desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade. Esse processo, que influencia na forma de organização do empreendimento dependendo de como ocorrer, necessita da realização de parcerias entre os diversos atores envolvidos no movimento da economia solidária. A consideração de vários saberes em busca de uma produção científica e tecnológica adequada que beneficie a população de fato, vai ao encontro do campo de pesquisa ciência, tecnologia e sociedade (CTS). Considerando que a inclusão econômico- social e o trabalho influenciam na vida do indivíduo e que a economia solidária com seus valores (solidariedade, liberdade individual, distribuição de renda de forma igualitária, organização cooperativa ou associativa do trabalho e autogestão) propõe uma nova forma de organização do trabalho, além de propiciar a inclusão econômico-social, tem-se como objetivo investigar as influências das relações de trabalho econômico-solidárias na dinâmica familiar dos catadores. O método utilizado é o da história oral, e foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas para coletar relatos sobre a vida dos grupos familiares dos catadores, que são membros de uma cooperativa econômico-solidária localizada na cidade de São Carlos-SP, a COOPERVIDA. As entrevistas foram transcritas e após ocorreu a validação dos dados pelos entrevistados, pelo processo de transcriação. Após essa validação, os dados transcritos foram analisados pela técnica da análise de conteúdo. Antes das entrevistas, foi realizado um trabalho de campo no empreendimento com a utilização da técnica da observação participante, visando compreender como ocorrem as relações internas de trabalho e como a economia solidária e as relações de trabalho cooperativistas permeiam o ambiente. Dentre os resultados, podemos citar a carência de AST que contribuam para a organização dos processos de trabalho no empreendimento; que os princípios econômico-solidários permeiam as relações na cooperativa, mas não totalmente; que existe uma demanda de capacitação de novos cooperados para que adquiram conhecimentos sobre o trabalho; que as famílias apresentaram influências das relações de trabalho econômico-solidárias na dinâmica familiar, organizando sua rotina de forma igualitária e solidária; e que mesmo sem conseguir definir o que é economia solidária, os catadores e famílias desenvolveram comportamentos permeados por seus princípios. Indica-se a necessidade de desenvolver políticas estatais de economia solidária, incluindo-se a família nos programas e ações realizados.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-05-26T12:46:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação -Tanieli de Moraes Guimarães Silva - 2015.pdf: 1311221 bytes, checksum: 5f3fdff2059ba15d5c75dbab0211f9fa (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-05-26T12:49:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação -Tanieli de Moraes Guimarães Silva - 2015.pdf: 1311221 bytes, checksum: 5f3fdff2059ba15d5c75dbab0211f9fa (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-26T12:49:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação -Tanieli de Moraes Guimarães Silva - 2015.pdf: 1311221 bytes, checksum: 5f3fdff2059ba15d5c75dbab0211f9fa (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-23 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / This work aims to reflect about lesbian existences daily violence and “handlings”, from life trajectories of women who have affective-sexual relationships with other women in Goiânia. The main theoretical axis consists of theorizations from Butler (2000; 2010) about gender and sexuality, Das (1999) about violence, and Ortner (2007) about agency. The method used is the Life History and the ethnographic, with participant observations carried out in bars, nightclubs, houses, among other spaces, and semi-structured interviews with ten women from 24 to 30 years old. Through the life stories presented, it is possible to see that lesbian women are marked, in a more or less intense and direct way, by daily violence, which can be embedded in all of their contexts. Two of them are problematized here: the family and the religious ones. Faced at this reality, lesbian women have to “handle things”, in other words, they have to develop strategies and abilities to defend themselves. Therefore, “handling” is a form of agency, a resistance to a heteronormative society that insists on forcing a coherence among sex, gender, desire and sexual practice. However, there is a relation of desire-violence-guilt that permeates most of the trajectories presented here, which makes it evident that resisting is not an easy task. / Este trabalho objetiva refletir sobre lesbianidades, violências cotidianas e “manobras”, a partir de trajetórias de vida de mulheres que se relacionam afetivo-sexualmente com mulheres em Goiânia. O eixo teórico central é constituído por teorizações de Butler (2000; 2010) acerca de gênero e sexualidade, de Das (1999) sobre violência, e Ortner (2007) acerca de agência. O método utilizado é o da História de Vida e o etnográfico, tendo sido realizadas observações participantes em bares, boates, casas, entre outros espaços, e entrevistas semiestruturadas com dez mulheres de 24 a 30 anos. Por meio das histórias de vida apresentadas, é possível perceber que mulheres lésbicas estão marcadas de forma mais ou menos intensa e direta por violências cotidianas, sendo que estas podem estar inseridas em todos os seus contextos, sendo que dois desses serão problematizados aqui: o familiar e o religioso. Frente a essa realidade, mulheres lésbicas têm que “manobrar as coisas”, ou seja, precisam desenvolver estratégias e habilidades para se defender. Assim, a “manobra” é uma forma de agência, é resistência frente à sociedade heteronormativa que insiste em forçar uma coerência entre sexo, gênero, desejo e prática sexual. Porém há uma relação entre desejo-violência-culpa que perpassa a maioria das trajetórias aqui presentes, o que evidencia que resistir não é tarefa fácil.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study has as objective to know the implications of childhood cancer on family dynamics. To this end, it was conducted with a clinical study-qualitative comprising three case studies with families of children who had received the diagnosis of childhood cancer and carried out treatment in a city in southern Brazil. The data collection were through semi-guided interviews with parents and teenage brothers; with children, both the patient and their younger brothers, applied the technique of drawing the family with story; In addition, observations were performed at the hospital and the homes of the families. The data were submitted to content analysis. The results are presented in three articles, so that each one of them deals with a case and emphasizes one of the family relations. One of them treats on the marital relationship, the other about parental and, finally, one about the fraternal relationship. The article that reflects about the conjugal subsystem demonstrates that the conjugal relationship is affected by the experience of the child illness, which it demands by the couples adjustments and reorganization of roles. There is a union between the spouses; however, it occurs in the direction to the child care, while the intimate aspects of the relationship are in the background at the beginning of the treatment. The second article, which addresses parenting facing the situation of illness, suggests that the focus of the family are intended for child care at this point. As a result, there is an approximation between parents and the fallen ill daughter and a withdrawal from the other daughters. The third and final article, which discusses the fraternal relationship in the context of the disease, points to a relationship of unity and care between the brothers to deal with the situation and take account of the absence of the mother in the home environment. Considering the results presented, it can be said that, generally speaking, families joined together to confront the event. In view of this context, it can be conclude on the importance of studies and actions in health that may consider the family on systemic vision, in order to understand the interrelation between family subsystems in these terms and foment health promotion programs that may consider all the families and not just those who engage directly with the child care at the hospital. / O presente estudo objetivou conhecer as implicações do câncer infantil na dinâmica familiar. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo clínico-qualitativo composto por três estudos de caso com famílias de crianças que haviam recebido o diagnóstico de câncer infantil e realizavam tratamento em uma cidade do sul do Brasil. Foram realizadas entrevistas semidirigidas com os progenitores e os irmãos adolescentes; com as crianças, tanto o paciente como seus irmãos menores, aplicou-se a técnica do desenho da família com estória; além disso, foram realizadas observações no hospital e nas residências das famílias. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados são apresentados em três artigos, de forma que cada um deles aborda um caso e enfatiza uma das relações familiares. Um deles trata sobre o relacionamento conjugal, outro sobre o parental e, por fim, um sobre o relacionamento fraterno. O artigo que reflete acerca do subsistema conjugal demonstra que a relação conjugal é afetada pela vivência da doença da filha, a qual demanda do casal adaptações e reorganização dos papéis. Há uma união entre os cônjuges, porém, ela ocorre no sentido do cuidado da criança, ao passo que os aspectos íntimos da relação ficam em segundo plano no início do tratamento. O segundo artigo, que aborda a parentalidade frente à situação de adoecimento, sugere que as atenções da família estão destinadas ao cuidado da criança neste momento. Como consequência, há uma aproximação entre os progenitores e a filha adoecida e um afastamento das outras filhas. O terceiro e último artigo, que discute a relação fraterna no contexto da enfermidade, aponta para uma relação de união e cuidado entre os irmãos para lidar com a situação e enfrentar as ausências da mãe no ambiente do lar. Considerando os resultados apresentados, pode-se dizer que, de forma geral, as famílias se unem para enfrentar o acontecimento. Tendo em vista esse contexto, conclui-se sobre a importância de estudos e ações em saúde que possam considerar a família na visão sistêmica, de forma a compreender a inter-relação entre os subsistemas familiares neste âmbito e fomentar programas de promoção de saúde que possam considerar todos os familiares e não apenas os que se envolvem diretamente com o cuidado da criança no hospital.

Magister Artium - MA / Adolescent substance abuse is a widely researched area both internationally and nationally. It has been known to affect many problems which are prevalent in most low socioeconomic communities such as crime, school truancy and family fragmentation. It is of particular concern in low socioeconomic communities within the Cape Flats District which continues to be plagued with social ills such as gangsterism, adolescent criminal behaviour, and high rates of school dropout. The problem of adolescent substance abuse cannot be explored in isolation, but rather, in conjunction with all other spheres which it affects such as family relationships, dynamics and functioning. Parents fulfil an important role in managing their adolescent's addiction problem. These parents often feel helpless, hopeless, guilty, and angry, and are inclined to blame themselves for their child's delinquent behaviour. In some cases spouses blame one another for their being too permissive or too stern. However, there is a dearth in research of parents' lived experiences and the ways in which they attribute meaning to their situations. The aim of this study was to explore parents' lived experiences of their adolescent's substance abuse. More specifically the study explored parents' perceptions of the ways in which one family member's substance abuse affects the dynamics and the functioning of the family. At a theoretical level, this study aligned with Bowen's Family Systems theory, as it allowed the researcher to explore the ways in which family roles, dynamics and functioning are affected by a relative's substance addiction. The current study was conducted within the qualitative methodological framework, as the aim was to gain an in-depth understanding of parent's lived experiences of managing their adolescent's substance abuse. Furthermore, this study was positioned within the phenomenological epistemological framework as it aligns well with the aims of this study, which is to acquire an understanding of parents' lived experiences of their adolescent's substance abuse.

This research addresses how transnational Filipino youth living in southwestern British Columbia negotiate their sexual lives and sexual health decisions, and how they do so within the context of individual, familial, and community dynamics. The research explores how youth contest and negotiate notions of sexuality that are discursively constructed and constituted through familial expectations, religious ideals, peer expectations and pressure, societal expectations, and sexual education curricula. Sexual subjectivities are shaped by the social and geographic locations individuals inhabit. My interviews with youth explored dynamic ways in which these youth enacted their sexual lives in the context of their position as transnational Filipino youth, and in turn how their positions as transnational Filipino youth interacted with and impacted their sexual subjectivities. I argue that while opinions and expectations of friends and family, as well as cultural norms and religious expectations impact youth's sexual subjectivities, youth nonetheless perceive themselves as the primary decision-makers in their sexual lives. This research shows dynamic ways in which youth enact their agency and control their sexual decisions and sexual lives. This research was conducted between August 2016 and March 2017 in southwest British Columbia (BC) in two main locations, the Southern Vancouver Island (SVI) region and the Vancouver/Greater Vancouver Area (GVA). I conducted a series of in-depth, semi-structured interviews and engaged in informal personal engagement activities (i.e. "deep hanging out") with ten transnational Filipino youth between the ages of 19 and 25 who live and study at the post-secondary level in SVI. I also conducted interviews with adult community members, experts in the sexual health field, scholars working with Filipino youth, and staff from migrant youth organizations in SVI and the GVA. / Graduate