The data of the research shows that the idea of continual and uninterrupted education has not been put into practice yet due to a great number of truants, the students remaining for the second year in the same class and those who have experienced learning failures. Because of these reasons, the necessity arises to turn help conveyed by teachers to students into more effective one. The aim of the work is to reveal specific features of pedagogic activity related to work with students who experienced learning failures. It was tried to investigate the point of view of students, who experienced learning failures, towards teachers’ help. The analysis of the research data showed, that truants usually complain of a big homework load, the students facing learning failures speak about difficulties to understand and memorize teachers’ explanations; the truants mention problems connected with reading and writing. The students who unwillingly attend school in comparison with other students, who were investigated, stress the importance of communication for a successful learning process. The data research proved that most often class and subject teachers help to overcome learning failures. Social pedagogues, psychologists, speech therapists not so often render their assistance to students with learning problems. The research states that students playing truants get all necessary help from teachers more often that other participants of the research.

Sunkiai auklėjami, rizikos grupės, asocialaus, deviantinio ar delinkventinio elgesio, nusižengę ar nusikaltę vaikai – terminai, kuriuos naudoja teoretikai ir praktikai kalbėdami apie vaikus dėl savo elgesio tampančiais problema tiek sau patiems, tiek valstybei bei visuomenei. Dėl šios priežasties terminas „probleminio elgesio vaikai“ yra pakankamai aiškus ir platus. Jame „ telpa“ ir vaikai, kurių elgesys neatitinka visuomenėje nusistovėjusių elgesio normų ir yra vertinamas, kaip baustina veika, nusikaltimas, ir vaikai, linkę pažeisti priimtas teisės , moralės, elgesio normas, egzistuojančias tradicijas ir papročius, tačiau neįvykdantys rimtų teisės pažeidimų, nusikaltimų. / Sustaining scientific and methodical literature I discussed teenagers psychological issues. I looked at the documents which are regulating social help presentation. I discussed social help’s problematic issues for teenagers in the schools. I explored how social help is organized for problematic behaviour teenagers. Ten respondents was participating in the assay and giving social help to the teenagers. I did the assay in interview method. After I summarised the assay I found that. Giving social help to the problematic behaviour students you also have to communicate with their parents. To give the best social help to the problematic behaviour students specialists has to work in the team.

Įvairaus amžiaus, profesijų ir socialinių sluoksnių atstovus jungia vienas tikslas – sportas kaip viena iš asmenybės raiškos, ugdymo, saviugdos formų, kuri apima vis didesnę visuomenės dalį, todėl svarbu bendrai kurti partnerystę, išsiaiškinti sporto klubų lankytojų poreikius ir galimybes. Tyrimo tikslas – ištirti veiksnius, lemiančius sporto klubų lankytojų (vyrų ir moterų) požiūrį į fizinę saviugdą. Tyrimo objektas - veiksniai, lemiantys požiūrį į fizinę saviugdą. Suformuluota hipotezė: tikėtina, kad rūpinimasis sveikata, kūno įvaizdžiu ir sporto klubuose teikiamos kokybiškos paslaugos lemia įvairaus amžiaus lankytojų pozityvų požiūrį į fizinę saviugdą. Tyrime dalyvavo 168 sporto klubų lankytojų. Pagrindinis veiksnys, lemiantis tiek moterų, tiek vyrų sveikatą – fiziškai aktyvus gyvenimo būdas: režimas, elgesio ir maitinimosi įpročiai. Galima daryti prielaidą, kad vienas iš sveikatinimosi uždavinių – fizinės, dvasinės ir socialinės gerovės siekimas. Moterų ir vyrų nuomone, vienas iš reikšmingiausių sveikos gyvensenos veiksnių – sveika mityba, bet to maža, svarbu ir fizinio aktyvumo įgūdžių kūrimas (aktyviai mankštinantis). Nemaža dalis moterų ir vyrų teigia, kad svarbus veiksnys, lemiantis gerą sveikatą – žalingų įpročių (alkoholinių gėrimų, rūkymo) atsisakymas. Mažiausiai priimtinu būdu sveikatai stiprinti sporto klubų lankytojai linkę laikyti gyvenamosios vietos keitimą į ekologiškai mažiau užterštą. Pagrindinis sportavimo motyvas tiek tarp moterų, tiek tarp vyrų yra... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / People of various ages, profession and social background are united by one goal – sports, as one of personal expression, training and self-development ways, which involves the further the larger part of society. Therefore it is important to jointly develop the partnership and find out the requirements and opportunities of the sports clubs’ visitors. The aim of the research is to explore the factors, which determine the sports club’s visitor’s (both men’s and women’s) attitude towards physical self-development. The object of the research is factors, which determine the attitude towards physical self-development. The following hypothesis was formulated: it is likely that taking care of one’s health, body image as well as quality services provided in the sports clubs determine the positive attitude of differently aged visitors towards physical self-development. 168 sports clubs’ visitors have participated in the research. The main factor, determining both women’s and men’s health was a physically active way of life: regime, routines involving behavior and nourishment. It can be presumed that one of the tasks when seeking for good health is striving for physical, spiritual and social wellbeing. In both women’s and men’s opinion – one of the most significant factors of a healthy life-style is healthy nutrition. This is not enough, however, as it is very important to develop physical activity skills (by active exercise). A large part of men and women state that major factor... [to full text]

This thesis research is an ethnographic account of how identity and a sense of community are discursively constructed and managed among participants in mutual aid groups. Research findings are based upon interview and observational data collected from two support groups located in a Canadian city. While members' accounts provide a basis for interpreting the meaning of support as experienced, researcher observations focus on discursive identification practices. My interpretation sheds light on the dynamic interplay between notions of community, symbolic boundary and identity. Participant stories grounded in experiential knowledge, serve as critical connecting nodes in the construction and reproduction of community and as legitimate leverage to resist denied agency. These case study findings suggest how support, community and identity are collectively accomplished, in part, by managing symbolic boundaries through positioning practices. An understanding of these micro-processes has practical implications for the development of mutual aid groups to meet health and social needs. / xiv, 310 leaves ; 29 cm.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of linking the formal social service delivery system, represented by professional social work services, with the informal system, represented by self-help/mutual aid groups. The developmental research model described by Thomas (1978a, 1978b, 1981, 1985b) was selected as appropriate to the goal of moving beyond the acquisition of knowledge to that of the application of knowledge by practising social workers for the benefit of clients. In the first part of the study the historical and social factors which contributed to the development of the self-help movement in South Africa were explored. The second part of the study focused on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Durban social workers in relation to self-help groups and established the feasibility of the proposed development. A 75,6% response was received from a questionnaire distributed to all qualified social workers in the Durban area. One hundred and sixteen social workers (51%) who indicated that they were willing to participate further in the investigation were then interviewed. Through the questionnaire and the interview, social workers became cognizant of self-help groups, the nature of their services and the range of possible roles and relationships with them. Mutual aid/self-help groups were found to be part of a strong historical and cultural tradition in South Africa. Many groups had developed as a response to the inadequacies of state welfare services. Social development and change functions coexisted with the service and citizen participation attributes of groups established in post-industrial economies. The social workers were found to have generally positive attitudes to self-help groups and to be engaged in a variety of activities in interacting with them. The conclusion demonstrates that the findings have implications: first, for social welfare policy, particularly in relation to the issue of privatisation; secondly, for social work practice, in that the linking of formal and informal services would be feasible and that the need exists for collaborative interaction between the two; thirdly for social work education which needs to combine theory-building with the application of theory in practice. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1989.

Although research has shown that mental health interventions are effective, many people who are afflicted with a mental disorder or emotional distress do not seek services (e.g., Wang et al., 2005). Perceived stigma, the belief that an individual will be devalued and discriminated against for seeking psychological assistance, is a barrier to seeking mental health services, as some people avoid these services in order to avoid the associated stigma. Another barrier to mental health service utilization is mental health literacy, which refers to how well-versed people are in information regarding mental illness and treatment (Jorm et al., 1997). Low levels of mental health literacy may inhibit people from seeking help as they may not recognize their need for services and may not be aware that effective services are available. The first of two studies examined a social influence intervention aimed at reducing perceived stigma and increasing intentions to seek counselling. One hundred and sixty-six undergraduate students watched videos of ingroup or outgroup speakers discussing their non-stigmatizing experience with therapy or speakers discussing a control topic. No significant differences were found between the groups after the intervention. The second study investigated an educational intervention aimed at improving mental health knowledge and increasing intentions to seek counselling. One hundred and fifty-five undergraduate participants listened to either a control lecture or a lecture about mental illness and treatment with or without a testimonial by the lecturer about her positive experience with therapy. The participants who listened to the lecture and testimonial had higher relevant mental health knowledge and intentions to seek counselling compared to the control condition. No differences were found between the education only and control conditions on intentions to seek counselling. The main finding of this project was that a combination of social influence and educational approaches has the most potential of improving intentions to seek mental health services, as each of these components does not appear to be effective independently.

This essay argues that The Help by Kathryn Stockett highlights black people in a patronising way. In order to analyse the novel a postcolonial perspective has been applied. The novel is an example of narratives of difference and the representation of the characters Miss Skeeter, Minny and Aibileen increases and enhances the differences between people. The coloured people are described as the other, whereas the whites are seen as the norm. Moreover, the essay includes a didactic part, which discusses how to teach a novel like The Help in a multicultural classroom.

This study is an investigation of how people’s attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help are related to how they typically cope with stressors and by their general self-efficacy – a relationship that has not been examined in prior research. Participants were 754 men and women students in a mid-sized Midwestern university. Students completed an online survey that included the Brief COPE, Beliefs About Psychological Services scale, and New General Self-Efficacy scale. Results revealed that higher general self-efficacy and coping by means of Use of Emotional Support, Use of Instrumental Support, and Venting were associated with more positive attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help; and that lower self-efficacy and coping by means of Denial, Substance Use, Behavioral Disengagement, and Self-Blame were associated with less positive attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services