The formulation of the scientific problem Community areas are the places where children can spend their leisure time and play. However, the proper purpose of them has not been clearly defined in Lithuania yet. The reports of the municipalities of Lithuanian Republic for the Children’s Rights Protection Service 2004-2005 „On the condition of the playgrounds“ state that the majority of the reported playgrounds is situated next to the blocks of flats. The condition of them is defined as satisfactory or very poor, sometimes even threatening for the children’s health. As far as the equipment of the playgrounds goes the most popular mentioned in the reports are the following: swings, structures for climbing and sandboxes. It is important to mention that often the equipment on the playgrounds does not correspond to the requirements of hygiene, especially this can be said about the sandboxes. Other pieces of equipment are dated and only occasionally are fixed, painted or refilled with sand. In some municipalities there are no playgrounds left due to the fact that the constructions which had threatened for the children’s health were dismantled. The general tendency shows that the existing sport areas in the school yards and the remaining playgrounds do not meet the children’s need for playing which is foreseen by the United Nations Convention of the Right of the Child. The 1st part of the 31st article of this Convention states that children have the right „to rest and leisure, to... [to full text]

The Diploma Thesis deals thematically with the specifics of nursing care specialized in accommodating the needs of children in nurseries from the perspective of nurses. Nurseries are medical facilities for children from birth to three years of age. In some cases, children may stay in a nursery beyond the age of three years, e.g., if they wait until arrangements have been made for their sibling, so that they could be allocated to the same foster family of children?s home together. The specifics of nursing care for children in nurseries vary according to their age and needs. Regular regimen has to consist of time intervals for feeding, playtime, outdoor activities, sleep, and daily hygiene. It is thereof necessary to observe a certain routine schedule and build up a sense of order in the children from very early age. Dunovský divides children?s needs into biological, psychological, social, and developmental needs. The children?s needs are described as variable at the different stages of their development. Their biological needs, however, are constant and require full satisfaction for undisturbed development of every child. The objective of the Thesis is to find out whether the children?s needs are properly satisfied from the perspective of the nurses who work in such nurseries. With this aim in mind, we have set out four research questions, all of which we have been able to answer successfully. For the purposes of our study, we applied qualitative research methods, specifically, the method of structured interviews. During the interviews, the respondents answered 32 prepared questions. The research team was comprised of general and pediatric nurses from seven locations of the Children?s Centers in Jihlava, Znojmo, Strakonice, Prague, and Dvůr Králové, and from the Children?s Homes in Kamenice nad Lipou and Stránčice. The interviews were transcribed into casuistry and processed further as categorization tables. The survey revealed that the nurses at the nurseries under study were satisfying the children?s biological, psychological, as well as social needs to the extent of their best conscience, human resources availability, and the technical provisions of their respective workstations. The children in their care could be attended to even better, if there were more personnel, a new gym, swimming pool, and another pavilion, where the children could be transferred after reaching the age of six years. Based on the results of the survey, an information flyer has been drawn up containing compiled information for the public as to the role and function of nurseries and available options in the area of foster family care. The Thesis might also be used as educational material by medical/nursing staff members in the Czech Republic, and raise awareness about any existing shortcomings in the care for these children.

In this thesis I deal with the factors that affect the functioning of alternate care for children after the divorce of their parents. In the theoretical part I deal with topics such as family, child development and parenting, marriage, divorce and joint custody. In the practical part I work with specific cases of families that are undergoing alternate care for children and the content of websites whose main theme is an alternate care. The aim of the study was to define the factors that affect the quality of alternate care for children after parental divorce. The partial aim was to categorize websites and nongovernmental organizations presented on the Internet, whose main theme is joint custody, according to their main opinion on the joint custody. To meet these objectives, qualitative research was performed using semi-structured interviews with several families which at the time used joint custody. Further analyzed were selected websites that deals with information about joint custody and the reasons why it is or is not suitable. The results of the work showed that in defined cases there is a correlation between the high number of positive factors that affect the functioning of alternate care, satisfaction with care and alternate subjective feeling that alternate care in this case works. On the other hand,...

The subject of the study - the problems of establishing size and form of child‘s mainte-nance. A child‘s right to maintenance is inalienable natural right, so parents‘s duty to maintain their children must be regarded as very important one. The purpose of this study is to reveal ac-tual problems of implementation of a child‘s right to maintainance setting the right size and form of maintenance and securing the problems of such a rendering of maintenance through ana-lysing doctrine, rules of interpretation formed by courts and acts of law. Author analyses the re-gulation of legal relations of the child‘s maintenance in Republic of Lithuania, states of Europe-an Union and qualifies the problems arising in practice of courts. The first chapter analyses the concetion of the child, the importance of the child‘s right to maintenance. The second chapter analyses the establishment of size and form of child‘s main-tenance, the replacement of the size and form of maintenance: overlooks the systems of establis-hment of size, analyses the criterions determining the size and form of maintenence, rules of in-terpretation and application formed by courts and arising problems. The third chapter analyses the importance of implementation of public interest in the process of establishing the child‘s maintenance, the role of the state establishing the maintenance, the size of the maintenance which is provided by the state, order and conditions. The main conceptions of the study – maintenance... [to full text]

Children{\crq}s home is a facility where children whose parents cannot or will not care for them are placed. It provides care whose purpose is to ensure everything a child needs for good development in an environment that tries to be as close as possible to a family. Children are placed in a children{\crq}s home mostly on the basis on a court ruling. A child{\crq}s social situation is, in the context of the work, understood as a situation and circumstances when it is necessary to provide a child with protection or help based on the act on social and legal protection of children, in particular situations that lead to the ordering of institutional care. The aim of this work is to map in more detail what role a children{\crq}s home plays when dealing with a child{\crq}s social situation. The data were obtained as a part of quantitative research whose aim was to verify or refute the set hypotheses. The method of asking questions, interview technique, was chosen for data gathering. Three hypotheses were set as a part of the research part.

This thesis is focused on occurrence of specific learning disorders among primary education pupils in the selected basic schools and teachers'work with these pupils. The theoretical part of the thesis aims on delimitation of specific learning disorders; diagnostics; re-education; and potentional learning possibilities. Practical part analyses teachers' preparedness for specific learning disorders in the regions of Hradec Králové and Prague. Data were collected by means of questionnaire method. The thesis' objective is to discover a frequency and type of learning disorders occurring in the selected basic schools; how are teachers prepared for the issue of specific learning disorders among basic school pupils; and what methods are used in education of pupils with learning disorders. Secondary objective is to discover a share of pupils with learning disorders in inspected classrooms. Examined data showed that teachers have necessary professional qualities for education of pupils suffering from learning disabilities.

This thesis deals with relationships between parents and children in the family, as well as the role of the family and breakdowns in this role, the raising of children and the socialisation of children in a children{\crq}s home environment. The theoretical part of this work describes the family and the factors that come into play when it comes to childcare. Furthermore, it outlines what constitutes healthy child development, which is only facilitated by a good-quality parent-child relationship. It looks at the issue of rescuing the family environment and the possibility of alternative nurturing care, particularly in family-type children{\crq}s homes. The practical part of this thesis describes the current quality of childcare in family-type children{\crq}s home facilities and the support provided for optimising this care. It presents a summary of the reasons for placing children in a children{\crq}s home. It outlines and analyses problematic conditions for rearing youngsters in five children{\crq}s homes in the central Bohemian region. The results of a questionnaire survey demonstrate the possibility of satisfactory nurturing and social adjustment for children in the care environment of a children{\crq}s home.

This paper deals with the impact of prematurely canceled foster care on a deve-lopment of a child. It gives an overview of the system of care of endangered children in the Czech Republic. It also presents the current legislation which is the basis of the surrogate family care in the Czech Republic. In 2013, an amendment of the Social and Legal Protection of Children law came into force, which the legislators built up on the experi-ence with professional foster care in Slovakia. Its goal is to reduce the number of chil-dren in children's institutions. The paper further includes a thorough analysis of develo-pmental needs of a child. Foster parents have to accept the fact, that they decided to take in a child with an unfulfilled attachment bond. Premature cancellation of foster care can bear witness to the fact that a foster family cannot create an attachment bond to the child and does not provide a sufficient amount of support for its development. The pa-per takes into consideration the dangers the juveniles are challenged with as a result of an unsuccessful foster care. Based on the interviews with many directors of children's homes in the South Bohemian region, negative impact of the canceled foster care on children has been noted. New questions suitable for further research in this region have emerged out of the interviews. Host care is one of the possibilities to provide children with a family educational model in children's home. The directors agree that it is the first-rate personality of a foster parent that is crucial for a first-rate foster care, i.e. a foster parent who can open her- or himself to the child and grant him or her his or her own family affectionate environment. The problem of unsuccessful foster care can be minimized only by genuine acceptance of a child and unconditional love for him or her.

Vaterschaft mit Behinderung ist ein wenig untersuchtes Phänomen, obwohl Väter mit einer Behinderung vor ähnlichen Aufgaben und Problemen wie Väter ohne Behinderung stehen. Der persönliche Blick auf die eigene Behinderung ist bestimmend für die Haltung und das Handeln als Vater. Väter mit positivem Selbstkonzept vermuten kaum Probleme oder negative Auswirkungen der Behinderung auf das Kind. Als schwerwiegende Barrieren im Alltag erweisen sich einschränkende Rahmenbedingungen und fehlende Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten; [J1] nur ein geringer Teil von Problemen hängt ursächlich mit der Behinderung zusammen.