[pt] O presente estudo explorou o modo como as agências de notícias globais Reuters e Associated Press (AP) baseadas no Brasil concebem o novo jornalismo digital a partir da segunda década do século XXI. Considerando que o público alvo não é o grande público diretamente, mas seus contratantes, observamos que as redes sociais e plataformas digitais, ambientes de muitas vozes, influenciam as suas agendas e modos de produção da notícia em vídeo, além do impacto da desinformação nas suas rotinas produtivas, em que precisam contar com equipes de checagens. Partimos dos estudos da Teoria da Agenda, palco em que Maxwell McCombs (2009), um dos fundadores da tradição de pesquisa sobre o agendamento, se debruça sobre um poder dos veículos noticiosos de definir a agenda do público, modelando a opinião pública ao determinarem quais são os assuntos centrais da atenção pública. Mantendo um foco no jornalismo contemporâneo na esteira do agendamento, o presente trabalho sustém a hipótese de que há um fluxo de retroalimentação de pautas entre a mídia e o público, sugerindo o termo on demand, no cenário do jornalismo digital, que interfere no agendamento one way – enquanto fluxo unidirecional de influência partindo da grande mídia para o público - na medida em que, com os ambientes digitais móveis, notadamente no Brasil, o público e as fontes passam também a pautar os meios de comunicação, e as Agências não ficam de fora, sendo algumas vezes pautadas pelo público e redes sociais. Uma enxurrada de conteúdos em vídeos é gerada pela audiência diariamente, de forma que as rotinas de Reuters e AP contam com novas práticas de checagens diárias de eventos e mudanças na operacionalização e produção das notícias, a fim de atenderem seus clientes digitais e os formatos das plataformas sociais. O trabalho também inclui uma pesquisa bibliográfica remontando uma linha do tempo das primeiras agências de notícias de grande porte, para observar as mudanças tanto na linguagem jornalística como nas formas de distribuição e operacionalização na medida do desenvolvimento tecnológico. Um olhar que vem desde as entregas de notícias e cotações acionárias à imprensa e casas de finanças, através dos pombos-correios e do telégrafo de 1850, ao sistema de distribuição das notícias da era móvel. O jornalismo digital possibilitou as crescentes coproduções com mediadores públicos, não deixando de destacar as interpelações da audiência e fontes nos processos de produção das notícias junto aos jornalistas profissionais. O panorama das redes digitais – que carrega a desinformação e propicia a reunião de novas vozes, interferindo nas agendas dos meios de comunicação – traz efeitos de uma mudança no fluxo de influências que se dá também do público para a mídia, efeito perceptível nas duas agências que eventualmente selecionam o que vai virar notícia a partir da sugestão de histórias provenientes não dos canais oficiais da imprensa. A fim de atenderem às expectativas das plataformas digitais e de seus clientes digitais, verificamos que AP e Reuters no Brasil adaptam os seus conteúdos em vídeo, editados a partir das matérias originais distribuídas aos clientes, para uma versão mais enxuta e atraente, sem abrir mão da credibilidade, temporalidade e precisão. / [en] The study has explored how the global news agencies Reuters and Associated Press (AP) based in Brazil conceive the new digital journalism from the second decade of the 21st century. Considering the target audience is not the general public directly, but its contractors, we observed that social networks and digital platforms, places of many voices, influence their agendas and news production of video, in addition to the impact of disinformation on their productive routines, which count on fact check teams. We start from Agenda Theory studies, in which Maxwell McCombs (2009), one of the founders of the research tradition on scheduling, focuses on the news vehicles power to define the public s agenda, shaping public opinion by determining which the central issues of public attention are. Keeping a focus on contemporary journalism in the wake of scheduling, the present work supports the hypothesis that there is a feedback flow of agendas between the media and the public. We suggest the on demand concept, in digital journalism scenario, which interferes in scheduling one way – known as a unidirectional flow of influence from the mainstream media to the public - to the extent that public and sources also start to guide the means of communication. The public and social networks also guide both agencies sometimes. The audience on a daily basis generates a flood of video contents, so that Reuters and AP routines rely on new practices of daily checking of events and changes in the operationalization and news production, in order to supply their digital clients as well as the social network formats. The study also includes a bibliographical research tracing back a timeline of the first global news agencies, in order to observe the changes both in journalistic language, distribution forms and operationalization as technological development grows. A look that comes from the news delivery and stock quotes to the press and finance houses, through the carrier pigeons and 1850 telegraph to the news distribution system of mobile age. Digital journalism has made possible the growing co-productions by public mediators, not forgetting to highlight the audience and sources approaches in the news production processes with professional journalists. The digital networks scenery that nowadays carry disinformation and allow new voices interfering in communication media agendas brings the effects of an influence changing of flow that also occurs from the public to the media agenda. A noticeable effect in both agencies AP and Reuters in Brazil, that sometimes select what will become news from the stories suggestion not coming from the official press channels. In order to meet digital platforms expectations, we also verify AP and Reuters in Brazil adapt their video contents, that are edited from the original news reports distributed to their customers, into a leaner and more attractive version, without sacrificing credibility, temporality and accuracy.

This thesis, The Media Image of Czech Presidents during the Normalisation Period and Today looks at the visual component of the media image of Normalisation-era president Gustáv Husák and democratic president Václav Havel. The study looks at their visual representations in the newspapers Rudé právo, Mladá fronta and Mladá fronta DNES. The theoretical part of the study focuses on defining the role of President in the Czech political system, and outlines the historical context. The research part comprises a quantitative and qualitative analysis of photographs published in the determined newspapers. The study also details the characteristic activities of official presidential photographers and gives an assessment of information acquired during in-depth interviews with official presidential photographers. An interview with a former Czech News Agency (ČTK) photographer deals with the taking of photographs of President Gustáv Husák. An interview with Tomki Němec, Karel Cudlín and Jaroslav Hejzlar focuses on the taking of photographs of Václav Havel. The study seeks to find an answer to the question of whether the president interfered in the activities of his official photographer, and how the work of the presidential photographer differed during the Normalisation period and during democracy. The...

The diploma thesis analyses news coverage of some of the most important reforms conducted by the Polish conservative government. It focuses on public media services: Czech News Agency and the main news, Události, of the Czech Television, and the time period of years 2015 - 2018. The work consists of two parts. Theoretical part zeroes in on the description of theoretical concepts, general description of mentioned public media services and their foreign news coverage, particular types of agency and TV news. Separate chapter summarizes the differences between the Czech News Agency and the Czech Television, their purpose and news production itself. Another chapter concentrates on Poland - its political system and historical background of the last decades. The current situation in the country since 2015 is also outlined - the results of the last elections, current government and its reforms and intended changes. The reform of justice, reform of media and a plan to almost ban the abortions are described in details. These three reforms are the bases of Author's analysis. The practical part describes in detail results of both quantitative and qualitative methods chosen for this work. It is researched how often the chosen newsrooms were informing about the above mentioned reforms, what priority did they give them,...

手機功能不斷創新，行動內容服務應運而生，使得行動電話由溝通工具，變身為訊息載具，資訊型行動內容服務尤其凸顯了行動電話「隨時隨地、傳播訊息」的特性。以台灣行動電話用戶密度達100%，高居全球第一之現況，資訊型行動內容服務之經營應有其值得關注之處。 　　本文以中央社為例，探討資訊型行動內容服務經營模式，先藉由瞭解全球發展行動內容服務先進國家之現況，進而剖析台灣各行動內容服務廠商之競爭、合作關係，最後綜合分析中央社之業務狀況，提出資訊型行動內容服務經營模式之建議。 　　本文以參與觀察與深度訪談的方式，總共訪問了七位行動電話系統業者加值服務業務承辦人，以及五位中央通訊社負責行動內容服務網站的編輯及程式工程師，以瞭解面對行動電話加值服務快速成長及演變下，中央社如何設定及調整其行動內容服務的經營模式。 　　研究結果顯示，「資訊好用、操作簡單」是資訊型行動內容服務最重要的特質；反映時事變化製作專題報導與有效編輯、整理內容重點，則是吸引用戶使用服務的守則；而專責團隊經營則是因應行動內容市場多變的重要經營要素。 　　本文雖然指出中央社發展行動內容服務業務面臨許多內外環境障礙之衝擊，但中央社行動內容服務憑藉「即時資訊」的優勢，配合行動電話「隨身」及「隨時隨地」的特性，讓資訊傳播有了更大的想像空間，也更加凸顯資訊型行動內容服務的重要性。由於資訊型行動內容服務網站之經營模式，至今尚未見具系統性研究，本研究之分析訪談不僅試圖填補過去研究的缺憾，也指出未來研究值得探討的方向。 / The functions of mobile phones have continued to evolve, most significantly from simple tools for communications to ones that provide up-to-date information. Informational mobile content services are especially remarkable in that they bring any amount of data to the user at any time, anywhere – the essence of valued-added service. This is certainly important in Taiwan given that the penetration rate for mobile phone subscribers is 100 percent – the highest in the world. This study focuses on the business model of the Central News Agency(CNA)'s informational mobile content services. Discussions range from a global view to management in the domestic market. This study looks at the practical experiences at CNA with regard to informational mobile content services and how best to optimize them. Through observations and extensive interviews, 12 key people involved in informational mobile content services were contacted for this study. Seven of them are mobile content service product managers of mobile telecommunications companies and five are editors and programmers from the Multimedia News Center of the CNA. This was done to understand the operational model of CNA's mobile content services given the rapid changes being made in mobile phone value-added services. The study results show that on-demand, real-time data that is easy to access is the key to quality informational mobile content services, and that special news projects are attractive to potential subscribers. Moreover, a professional team is the cornerstone of operations to ensure the success of these services. Although the study found that CNA faces internal and external challenges for its mobile content service operations, it has made significant strides in bringing the message to the people of the importance of real-time mobile content services. Since there have been few studies on the subject, this analysis will break new ground and set the stage for further discussions on the issue.

The diploma thesis "The comparison of reflection of second highest Czech football and hockey competitions in news service of Czech news agency in 2015/2016" deals with media coverage of second football league and first hockey league in order to find out how Czech news agency holds the news service for its clients, who rely on its service, in particular season. The thesis also includes the comparison of the way of informing about both competitions. On behalf of the second football league and the first hockey league the thesis maps the production of sport reporters in Czech news agency especially from quantitative perspective. The thesis focuses on analysis of agency service especially on particular periods: a week before the start of the season, the first and the tenth round, a week before the start of spring part of football league and a week before the start of play off's pre-round and also key moments in both competitions. In theoretical part the thesis briefly reminds the history of both competitions, the development of their game systems and also offers a summary of the most important events of 2015/2016. The thesis also puts forward a profile of Czech news agency as a unit and its sport service. The thesis analyzes the function of sport service and its sourcing and also quantifies formats of...

(in English): Diploma thesis "Information range of intelligence agencies in terms of Information Studies" deals about work with information in intelligence agencies. It describes and evaluates application of field of Information Studies in information support of intelligence agencies. It monitors the functioning of information services, acquisition and processing of information inside agencies. Generally describes an area of agency news service and in detail it covers the whole range of intelligence agencies, including a description of selected international and national agencies. An important part of the work is practical comparison and evaluation of selected criteria of agencies. Through the use of this comparative analysis it was possible to infer the activity and incidence of agencies in the market and determine their success. The obtained results point out that the key positions have a large global news agencies, but also demonstrate that depends on the size of the state in which it operates and the overall tradition of the agency. Not only thanks to the analysis, but also through the study of professional sources, focused on the topic, it is possible better understand the function and operation of the intelligence agencies.

This study critically explores the relationships amongst the global, national, continental and alternative news agencies in South Africa and in a changing global context of news. It revisits previous studies’ findings on imbalances in global flows with a view to extending and updating these case studies. An extended-case study approach employing in-depth, open-ended interviews with news agency participants based primarily in South Africa and with the Pan African News Agency in Senegal is undertaken. The study postulates that news agencies do not operate independently of the broader external social environment. News agencies are influenced by changes in the global news environment and impacted upon by socio-economic, political and cultural processes and relations amongst nations. The main findings include firstly, that “intermediary changes” described as “adaptive strategies” at news agencies result from internal and external pressures on their operations of news production, selection and distribution. Internal pressures are identified as changes in ownership, and the gate-keeping function in the selection and exchange of news. External pressures are associated with the processes and relations of market-based global capitalism, which, it is theorized, gives rise to changing conditions described as a new phase of neo-liberal globalisation. Another finding related to the first, describes the adaptive strategies at news agencies as signifying a crisis in the global capitalist order and a transition to a post-industrial society. This post-industrial society presents the space for further investigation of the phenomenon of global consciousness, which is a further finding of the study. The prevalence of an alternative form of news production, citizens’ journalism, is seen as an example of an emerging public realm of opinion making, or, the public sphere. The study concludes that explanations for the persistence of imbalances in global news flows in the relationships among news agencies needs revision and updating, and that a global phenomenon, “global consciousness”, presents a challenge to the extreme market forces and the statist government control over media systems worldwide.

This dissertation examines the agendas and frames used by the Ethiopian News Agency (ENA) and Reuters in their coverage of issues and actors of the May 2005 Ethiopian Elections, by employing agenda-setting and framing theories. The study applies quantitative and qualitative methods and examined fifty news stories from each news agency, and forwards five main findings: One, ENA and Reuters differed in setting agendas. While ENA focused on the legitimacy, Reuters emphasised on the killings and arrests of the electoral process. Second, ENA and Reuters differed in their motives to make some actors more salient than others. Third, ENA framed Elections processes as rightful, while Reuters framed them as disfigured. Fourth, ENA framed government parties as visionary and indomitable, and the oppositions as wrongdoers. Contrastingly, Reuters framed the oppositions as victims, and the government parties as brutal actors. And finally, by so doing, both agencies reflected their respective interests. / Communication Science / MA (International Communication)

This thesis presents and analyzes the media image of political programs of parties Christian and Democratic Union - Czechoslovak People's Party, Green Party, Party of Civic Rights - Zemanovci and Sovereignty after parliamentary elections in 2010 in Czech public service media - Czech Press Agency, Czech Television and Czech Radio. In the theoretical part of the thesis are presented political party programs in the period 2010-2013, and also briefly introduced Czech public service media, their historical development or their current position in the media world. The practical part contains an analysis of textual and audiovisual content of individual media in the selected time period and focuses on the search for mentions of individual program points. Minor, but for understanding the role of public service media is an important part that compares the situation of position Czech public service media with those from another countries. The practical part then also examines the situation in the Czech world media after parliamentary elections in 2013 and if there are any consequences based on these results. Hypothesis of work - proof unevenly provided media space by Czech Press Agency, Czech Television and Czech Radio to four non-parliamentary parties that based on the results of parliamentary elections in...

This dissertation examines the agendas and frames used by the Ethiopian News Agency (ENA) and Reuters in their coverage of issues and actors of the May 2005 Ethiopian Elections, by employing agenda-setting and framing theories. The study applies quantitative and qualitative methods and examined fifty news stories from each news agency, and forwards five main findings: One, ENA and Reuters differed in setting agendas. While ENA focused on the legitimacy, Reuters emphasised on the killings and arrests of the electoral process. Second, ENA and Reuters differed in their motives to make some actors more salient than others. Third, ENA framed Elections processes as rightful, while Reuters framed them as disfigured. Fourth, ENA framed government parties as visionary and indomitable, and the oppositions as wrongdoers. Contrastingly, Reuters framed the oppositions as victims, and the government parties as brutal actors. And finally, by so doing, both agencies reflected their respective interests. / Communication Science / MA (International Communication)