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O Governo, nacional e estadual, tem avançado nas leis que regem o gasto público. A Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal é um marco na busca do equilíbrio das contas públicas. Entre outras atribuições, esta lei também deu origem, juntamente com a reforma constitucional de 1993, às bases para a avaliação por desempenho, à criação de sistemas de custos e ao uso de indicadores de desempenho na máquina pública. Apesar dos potenciais avanços que vêm ocorrendo com o uso destas ferramentas nos últimos anos, ainda existem dificuldades conceituais em sua operacionalização a fim de melhorar a eficiência da Administração Pública e, conseqüentemente, os resultados à população. Ainda se observa que, ao lado de um grande volume de trabalho e das demandas atendidas, há um conjunto de demandas reprimidas, paralelo a desperdícios ocorridos. Esta situação pode ser minimizada através da contínua avaliação dos gastos públicos, proporcionada pela utilização de sistemas de custos gerenciais pelos servidores públicos. Com os indicadores gerados por estes sistemas, torna-se possível melhorar o processo decisório de alocação de recursos. Este trabalho propõe uma sistemática de avaliação de desempenho dos gastos públicos que, usando sistemas de informática e bases de dados já existentes, portanto com baixo custo operacional, desenvolve um conjunto de indicadores de desempenho para acompanhar a gestão da coisa pública. A comparação destes indicadores cria um instrumento para comparação de custos na realização das atividades. Por fim, este instrumento pode ser vinculado à remuneração variável e políticas públicas, melhorando a gestão do Estado. No caso do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, os indicadores podem ser construídos vinculandose informações do SCE (Sistema de Custos do Estado) com os resultados desejados. Em outros entes, o sistema pode ser construído com recursos amplamente disponíveis, como planilhas de cálculo. A partir destes indicadores se torna possível acompanhar a melhoria do indicador e seu custo, assim como estabelecer critérios claros vinculados à remuneração por desempenho para os diversos setores da máquina pública estatal. Para fins de validação, o trabalho apresenta também casos de sucesso ocorridos com a aplicação de etapas do método proposto em outras organizações públicas, o que demonstra sua viabilidade prática. A Secretaria da Fazenda possui um sistema de remuneração variável de sucesso. O Orçamento Matricial de Despesas e o da Receita validam novamente a qualidade das informações do Estado. Para uma cidade no interior, construíram-se os indicadores a partir de informações espalhadas, mesmo não havendo um sistema de informações como o Estadual. As diferenças e mudanças necessárias para sua aplicação ao caso prático gaúcho, assim como a sistemática, foram discutidas com representantes de diversos setores da sociedade e de todos os poderes, os quais endossaram a proposta. / The national and state government has advanced in the governing public spending controlling laws. The Law of Fiscal Responsibility is a milestone in the quest to balance the public accounts. Among other tasks, this law also led, together with the constitutional reform of 1993, to the basis for the evaluation of performance, to the creation of costs systems and to the use of performance indicators in the public engine. Despite potential progress that has occurred with the use of these tools in recent years, there are still conceptual difficulties in its operation to improve the efficiency of public administration and, therefore, the results to the population. It is still observed that, next to a large volume of met works and demands, there is a set of suppressed demands, parallel to occurring waste. This can be minimized by continuous evaluation of public expenditure, provided by the use of costs management systems by public officials. With the indicators generated by these systems, it is possible to improve the decision making process for allocating resources. This paper proposes a systematic evaluation of public spending performance through already existing computer systems and databases, therefore with low operational cost, developing a set of performance indicators to monitor the management of public affairs. The analysis of these indicators creates a tool for comparing costs in carrying out activities. Finally, this tool can be linked to variable remuneration and public policies, improving the management of the state. In the case of Rio Grande do Sul (most southern Brazilian state) the indicators can be built linking up information from SCE (State Costs System) with the desired results. In other entities, the system can be built with resources widely available, such as spreadsheets. From these indicators it is possible to monitor the improvement of the indicator and its cost, as well as establish clear criteria tied to the performance payment for the various sectors of the public state machine. For purposes of validation, the work also presents cases of success experienced with steps of the method proposed in other public organizations, which shows its practical feasibility. The Finance Department has a successful variable remuneration system. The Expenditure and Revenue Matrix Budget validates again the quality of the State information. For the countryside cities, the indicators were built up from scattered information, even with no information system as that of the State. The necessary differences and changes for their to practical application in Rio Grande do Sul, as well as the systematic, were discussed with representatives of various sectors of society and all powers, which endorsed the proposal.

The Commentary and Portfolio (introduced in the form of Outputs at the end of each Chapter and particularly following Chapter Three) considers the public space that 'local public service television' might occupy. Taking an historical view and a protagonist or interventionist stance the author demonstrates that a demand for local communications through television broadcasting has had strong public support since the introduction of commercial regional television in the 1950s, although government and regulator have variously thwarted its introduction. The author's background for this task is unorthodox, emerging from a critical art education that questioned the role of institutional norms in the pursuit and interpretation of social knowledge. The methodology is therefore reflective and at times quixotic, working through a variety of methods and forms of organisation and practice in pursuit of what has long been an evident - if overlooked - public objective,the realisation of a more identity enhancing localised form of television broadcasting. Working with several formal and informal associations - including the Institute of Local Television, the Community Media Association, Scottish Association of Smallscale Broadcasters (SASB), The Broadcasting Trust, Media Access Projects Scotland (MAPS), Advisory Committee of (local) Television Operators (ACTO), United for Local Television (ULTV) and the Scottish Local TV Federation - the author has contributed reports and academic papers on local and community television, organised conferences and run small scale television channels under license exempt and shortterm licenses, responded to regulator consultations and drafted amendments to legislation while developing and testing technologies appropriate for delivering programmes to serve local purpose. Through 'local public service television' the author has sought greater representation of civic and cultural views, arguing and debating access to regulate local channels under local control, first on local cable, then as a fifth or sixth terrestrial channel to offer city TV and, most recently, to encourage the introduction of digital spectrum for local public service television to be made available throughout the UK.

Este estudo procurou investigar como se constituem as práticas da psicologia na interface saúde/trabalho, no contexto do serviço público brasileiro. Procurou-se analisar de que forma os modelos de gestão e as políticas em saúde/trabalho presentes no serviço público influenciam tais práticas. Além disso, buscou-se conhecer as demandas recebidas/produzidas pelo(a)s psicólogo(a)s, assim como as diferentes concepções teóricas que orientam suas práticas. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com quatro psicólogo(a)s que atuam em serviços voltados para a interface saúde/trabalho na Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre. Observou-se, entre os principais fatores que determinam as práticas da psicologia na organização, a ausência de uma política em saúde do trabalhador voltada para o servidor municipal, construída por todos os serviços que atuam nessa área. Isso faz com que, no caso pesquisado, as equipes acabem centrando-se em projetos isolados que, na maior parte das vezes, atuam por meio exclusivo de atendimentos individuais ao “servidor-problema”. O(a)s psicólogo(a)s apontaram para o desejo de construírem práticas mais inventivas e voltadas para os coletivos; entretanto, no momento atual, as formas de trabalhar ainda estão longe de constituirem uma proposta em Saúde do Trabalhador. / This study aimed to investigate how the psychologist’s practicies are developed on the health/work interface, specifically in the brazilian public service context. We analysed how the management pattern sand in health/work policies present in the public service influence these practices. Furthermore, the demands received/produced by the psychologists, as well as the different theoretical conceptionsthat guide their practices were explored. We performed semi-structured interviews with four psychologists that act in interface health/work services at the Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre. We found, among the main factors that determine the practice of psychology in the organization, the absence of an occupational health policy focused on the municipal employee, built with the participation of all services that work in this area. This means that, in the case studied, the teams end up focusing on individual projects that, in most cases, act through the unique individual assistance for the "employee problem". The psychologists indicated a desire to build the most inventive and practices aimed at the collective; however, at present, ways of working are still far from being a proposal in Work’s Health.

O Governo, nacional e estadual, tem avançado nas leis que regem o gasto público. A Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal é um marco na busca do equilíbrio das contas públicas. Entre outras atribuições, esta lei também deu origem, juntamente com a reforma constitucional de 1993, às bases para a avaliação por desempenho, à criação de sistemas de custos e ao uso de indicadores de desempenho na máquina pública. Apesar dos potenciais avanços que vêm ocorrendo com o uso destas ferramentas nos últimos anos, ainda existem dificuldades conceituais em sua operacionalização a fim de melhorar a eficiência da Administração Pública e, conseqüentemente, os resultados à população. Ainda se observa que, ao lado de um grande volume de trabalho e das demandas atendidas, há um conjunto de demandas reprimidas, paralelo a desperdícios ocorridos. Esta situação pode ser minimizada através da contínua avaliação dos gastos públicos, proporcionada pela utilização de sistemas de custos gerenciais pelos servidores públicos. Com os indicadores gerados por estes sistemas, torna-se possível melhorar o processo decisório de alocação de recursos. Este trabalho propõe uma sistemática de avaliação de desempenho dos gastos públicos que, usando sistemas de informática e bases de dados já existentes, portanto com baixo custo operacional, desenvolve um conjunto de indicadores de desempenho para acompanhar a gestão da coisa pública. A comparação destes indicadores cria um instrumento para comparação de custos na realização das atividades. Por fim, este instrumento pode ser vinculado à remuneração variável e políticas públicas, melhorando a gestão do Estado. No caso do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, os indicadores podem ser construídos vinculandose informações do SCE (Sistema de Custos do Estado) com os resultados desejados. Em outros entes, o sistema pode ser construído com recursos amplamente disponíveis, como planilhas de cálculo. A partir destes indicadores se torna possível acompanhar a melhoria do indicador e seu custo, assim como estabelecer critérios claros vinculados à remuneração por desempenho para os diversos setores da máquina pública estatal. Para fins de validação, o trabalho apresenta também casos de sucesso ocorridos com a aplicação de etapas do método proposto em outras organizações públicas, o que demonstra sua viabilidade prática. A Secretaria da Fazenda possui um sistema de remuneração variável de sucesso. O Orçamento Matricial de Despesas e o da Receita validam novamente a qualidade das informações do Estado. Para uma cidade no interior, construíram-se os indicadores a partir de informações espalhadas, mesmo não havendo um sistema de informações como o Estadual. As diferenças e mudanças necessárias para sua aplicação ao caso prático gaúcho, assim como a sistemática, foram discutidas com representantes de diversos setores da sociedade e de todos os poderes, os quais endossaram a proposta. / The national and state government has advanced in the governing public spending controlling laws. The Law of Fiscal Responsibility is a milestone in the quest to balance the public accounts. Among other tasks, this law also led, together with the constitutional reform of 1993, to the basis for the evaluation of performance, to the creation of costs systems and to the use of performance indicators in the public engine. Despite potential progress that has occurred with the use of these tools in recent years, there are still conceptual difficulties in its operation to improve the efficiency of public administration and, therefore, the results to the population. It is still observed that, next to a large volume of met works and demands, there is a set of suppressed demands, parallel to occurring waste. This can be minimized by continuous evaluation of public expenditure, provided by the use of costs management systems by public officials. With the indicators generated by these systems, it is possible to improve the decision making process for allocating resources. This paper proposes a systematic evaluation of public spending performance through already existing computer systems and databases, therefore with low operational cost, developing a set of performance indicators to monitor the management of public affairs. The analysis of these indicators creates a tool for comparing costs in carrying out activities. Finally, this tool can be linked to variable remuneration and public policies, improving the management of the state. In the case of Rio Grande do Sul (most southern Brazilian state) the indicators can be built linking up information from SCE (State Costs System) with the desired results. In other entities, the system can be built with resources widely available, such as spreadsheets. From these indicators it is possible to monitor the improvement of the indicator and its cost, as well as establish clear criteria tied to the performance payment for the various sectors of the public state machine. For purposes of validation, the work also presents cases of success experienced with steps of the method proposed in other public organizations, which shows its practical feasibility. The Finance Department has a successful variable remuneration system. The Expenditure and Revenue Matrix Budget validates again the quality of the State information. For the countryside cities, the indicators were built up from scattered information, even with no information system as that of the State. The necessary differences and changes for their to practical application in Rio Grande do Sul, as well as the systematic, were discussed with representatives of various sectors of society and all powers, which endorsed the proposal.

In the context of developing effective PSAs to help increase the number of young adults who quit smoking or don’t start, this study took cultural orientation into account and assessed the persuasive effect of high and low source credibility. This present study showed that, in terms of attitude toward the ad message, people who were exposed to a commercial brand actually had a more positive attitude than those who saw the video that had CCTV as its producer. However, no significant differences were found in the other four constructs, including attitude toward antismoking, smoking-related social norms and subjective norms, smoking-related anticipated regret and intentions to quit or not start smoking.

Este estudo procurou investigar como se constituem as práticas da psicologia na interface saúde/trabalho, no contexto do serviço público brasileiro. Procurou-se analisar de que forma os modelos de gestão e as políticas em saúde/trabalho presentes no serviço público influenciam tais práticas. Além disso, buscou-se conhecer as demandas recebidas/produzidas pelo(a)s psicólogo(a)s, assim como as diferentes concepções teóricas que orientam suas práticas. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com quatro psicólogo(a)s que atuam em serviços voltados para a interface saúde/trabalho na Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre. Observou-se, entre os principais fatores que determinam as práticas da psicologia na organização, a ausência de uma política em saúde do trabalhador voltada para o servidor municipal, construída por todos os serviços que atuam nessa área. Isso faz com que, no caso pesquisado, as equipes acabem centrando-se em projetos isolados que, na maior parte das vezes, atuam por meio exclusivo de atendimentos individuais ao “servidor-problema”. O(a)s psicólogo(a)s apontaram para o desejo de construírem práticas mais inventivas e voltadas para os coletivos; entretanto, no momento atual, as formas de trabalhar ainda estão longe de constituirem uma proposta em Saúde do Trabalhador. / This study aimed to investigate how the psychologist’s practicies are developed on the health/work interface, specifically in the brazilian public service context. We analysed how the management pattern sand in health/work policies present in the public service influence these practices. Furthermore, the demands received/produced by the psychologists, as well as the different theoretical conceptionsthat guide their practices were explored. We performed semi-structured interviews with four psychologists that act in interface health/work services at the Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre. We found, among the main factors that determine the practice of psychology in the organization, the absence of an occupational health policy focused on the municipal employee, built with the participation of all services that work in this area. This means that, in the case studied, the teams end up focusing on individual projects that, in most cases, act through the unique individual assistance for the "employee problem". The psychologists indicated a desire to build the most inventive and practices aimed at the collective; however, at present, ways of working are still far from being a proposal in Work’s Health.

abstract: In order to cope with the decreasing availability of symphony jobs and collegiate faculty positions, many musicians are starting to pursue less traditional career paths. Also, to combat declining audiences, musicians are exploring ways to cultivate new and enthusiastic listeners through relevant and engaging performances. Due to these challenges, many community-based chamber music ensembles have been formed throughout the United States. These groups not only focus on performing classical music, but serve the needs of their communities as well. The problem, however, is that many musicians have not learned the business skills necessary to create these career opportunities. In this document I discuss the steps ensembles must take to develop sustainable careers. I first analyze how groups build a strong foundation through getting to know their communities and creating core values. I then discuss branding and marketing so ensembles can develop a public image and learn how to publicize themselves. This is followed by an investigation of how ensembles make and organize their money. I then examine the ways groups ensure long-lasting relationships with their communities and within the ensemble. I end by presenting three case studies of professional ensembles to show how groups create and maintain successful careers. Ensembles must develop entrepreneurship skills in addition to cultivating their artistry. These business concepts are crucial to the longevity of chamber groups. Through interviews of successful ensemble members and my own personal experiences in the Tetra String Quartet, I provide a guide for musicians to use when creating a community-based ensemble. / Dissertation/Thesis / D.M.A. Music 2013

Este estudo procurou investigar como se constituem as práticas da psicologia na interface saúde/trabalho, no contexto do serviço público brasileiro. Procurou-se analisar de que forma os modelos de gestão e as políticas em saúde/trabalho presentes no serviço público influenciam tais práticas. Além disso, buscou-se conhecer as demandas recebidas/produzidas pelo(a)s psicólogo(a)s, assim como as diferentes concepções teóricas que orientam suas práticas. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com quatro psicólogo(a)s que atuam em serviços voltados para a interface saúde/trabalho na Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre. Observou-se, entre os principais fatores que determinam as práticas da psicologia na organização, a ausência de uma política em saúde do trabalhador voltada para o servidor municipal, construída por todos os serviços que atuam nessa área. Isso faz com que, no caso pesquisado, as equipes acabem centrando-se em projetos isolados que, na maior parte das vezes, atuam por meio exclusivo de atendimentos individuais ao “servidor-problema”. O(a)s psicólogo(a)s apontaram para o desejo de construírem práticas mais inventivas e voltadas para os coletivos; entretanto, no momento atual, as formas de trabalhar ainda estão longe de constituirem uma proposta em Saúde do Trabalhador. / This study aimed to investigate how the psychologist’s practicies are developed on the health/work interface, specifically in the brazilian public service context. We analysed how the management pattern sand in health/work policies present in the public service influence these practices. Furthermore, the demands received/produced by the psychologists, as well as the different theoretical conceptionsthat guide their practices were explored. We performed semi-structured interviews with four psychologists that act in interface health/work services at the Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre. We found, among the main factors that determine the practice of psychology in the organization, the absence of an occupational health policy focused on the municipal employee, built with the participation of all services that work in this area. This means that, in the case studied, the teams end up focusing on individual projects that, in most cases, act through the unique individual assistance for the "employee problem". The psychologists indicated a desire to build the most inventive and practices aimed at the collective; however, at present, ways of working are still far from being a proposal in Work’s Health.

Magister Administrationis - MAdmin / Through South African labour legislation, bargaining councils are empowered to conclude collective agreements between employers and trade unions. While bargaining councils were created for virtually every sector within the South African private sector, only one bargaining council exists for the public sector. This public sector bargaining council is known as the Public Service Co-ordinating Bargaining Council (PSCBC). The PCSBC subsequently established four sectoral councils to further collectively bargain on matters pertaining to sectoral issues relevant to the sector it represents. However, the PSCBC remains the apex of these four public service sectoral bargaining councils. This thesis focuses on how the Public Service Co-ordinating Bargaining Council (PSCBC) contributes to social dialogue within South African public service. This thesis seeks to fill a significant literature gap on collective bargaining as accomplished by the PSCBC. The thesis briefly examines the history of collective bargaining in the South African public service. The research methodology utilised includes information gleaned from annual reports published by the PSCBC. Interviews of selected stakeholders such as government officials and labour organisations involved in the PSCBC were conducted. The PSCBC objectives are identified and analysed against the performance of the PSCBC for the period 1997 to 2007. The relevant PSCBC role players are identified. The power realities between these role players are reflected. The criteria for remaining a party to these PSCBC will be explained. The thesis holds that historically an adversarial relationship existed between the state as employer and the recognised trade unions. The establishment of the PSCBC created the opportunity for the historical adversaries between an employer and trade union to be converted into social dialogue interactions, which are commonly believed to be a better approach in resolving their differences. / South Africa