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This thesis discusses the similarities and differences between position classifications in public service and a state institution of higher learning.

The viewership of public service media in post communist countries of the so-called Eastern Bloc is steadily declining. The need for their support brings about a question about the future of PSB model. The shape of public service remit differs across the selected countries of the Visegrád Group despite the former similarities. This study is trying to provide the reader with a solid comparison of the evolution of public service broadcasting from 4 points of view: regulation, politicization, viewer's attractiveness and sources of funding. The analysis should shed some light into the discussion of future role of PSBs in post-communist democracies. The first part of this thesis is focused on the history of former Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland with stress on the broadcasting media and their regulation until 1989. It is followed with the key part analyzing the establishment of dual system, transformation of state-owned media into public service broadcasters and the setting up of the first democratic broadcasting laws. Next chapter describes the current state of European broadcasting regulation and its impact on member states' broadcasters. The closing part evaluates the major differences in compared public service media and provides possible implications for further development of PSBs.

The viewership of public service media in post-communist countries of the so-called Eastern Bloc is steadily declining. The need for their support brings about a question about the future of PSB model. The shape of public service remit differs across the selected countries of the Visegrád Group despite the former similarities of media landscapes. This study is trying to provide the reader with a solid comparison of the evolution of public service broadcasting from 4 points of view: regulation, politicization, viewer's attractiveness and sources of funding. The analysis should shed some light into the discussion of future role of PSB's in post-communist democracies. The first part of this thesis is focused on the history of former Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland with stress on the broadcasting media and their regulation until 1989. It is followed with the key part analyzing the establishment of dual system, transformation of state-owned media into public service broadcasters and the setting up of the first democratic broadcasting laws. Next chapter describes the current state of European broadcasting regulation and its impact on member states' broadcasters. The closing part evaluates the major differences in compared public service media and provides possible implications for further development...

Title: By what strategies is the old media using the new media? A qualitative essay on TV: s use on social media Number of pages: 54 Authors: Marie Magnusson och Sabina Karlsson Tutor:  Karin Fast Course: Media and Communication Studies C Period: Spring 2011 University: Karlstad University Purpose/Aim: Our purpose is to examine which strategies and why two TV-channels, SVT and TV4, are using social media. Our anticipated view is that SVT as a public service organization and TV4 as a commercial operator may have different motives with its use of social media. Material/Method: A qualitative method consisting of interviews by informants from SVT and TV4. Main results: Our result is that there isn’t any big difference between SVT and TV4 in the way they’re using social media. However, that SVT has to more specifically make sure no commercialism exists, while TV4 don’t have to think about it. Keywords: Social networking, convergence, commercialism, communication, Internet, public service, television. / Titel: Genom vilka strategier använder gamla medier de nya? En kvalitativ studie om TV:aktörernas användande av sociala medier Antal sidor: 54 Författare: Marie Magnusson och Sabina Karlsson Handledare: Karin Fast Kurs: Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap C-nivå Period: Våren 2011 Universitet: Karlstads Universitet Syfte/Mål: Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka vilka strategier och varför två svenska TV-aktörer, SVT och TV4, använder sig av sociala medier. Vår förtida uppfattning är att SVT som public servicebolag och TV4 som kommersiell aktör kan ha olika syften med sitt användande av sociala medier. Metod: Kvalitativa intervjuer har gjorts med informanter från SVT och TV4. Resultat: På vilket sätt och vilka sociala medier man använder sig av verkar i grunden vara det samma hos båda aktörerna, SVT och TV4. Men SVT måste mer specifikt se efter att reklam inte existerar, medan TV4 som är kommersiella inte behöver rätta sig efter det. Nyckelord: Sociala medier, konvergens, kommersialisering, kommunikation, Internet, public service, television.

The purpose of this essay is to examine how the editorial office to the TV-programs Gokväll,Mitt i naturen and Plus use social media. To achieve the purpose qualitative interviews wereconducted with three Web Editors, one for each program. This essay is based on theories onhow companies can and should work with social media from Andreas M. Kaplan andMichael Haenlin among other writers and scholars from Sweden. The convergence concepttheory with particular focus on media convergence and branding has also been applied in thestudy. The result of this study shows that the editorial office for the programs use socialmedia in varying extents and quality. Facebook is the most used social media channel andTwitter is used in a small extent. Two of the programs use Instagram as well and one of themhas developed their own application. The programs appear on the channel SVT which is partof public service in Sweden. With that come guidelines, which the programs need to follow.One of them is that they have to use at least three social media channels to avoid favoring ofone special brand or company. Two of the TV-programs are using Twitter even though theeditorial staff admits that they do not think their main audience is active on such socialmedias. This result shows that there is obviously a problem with the fact that they have to usethree social medias even though they do not really benefit by using all of them.

Afin d’éviter toute activité, fonction ou situation privée incompatible avec l’emploi public, le droit de la fonction publique s’inscrit dans un régime strict des prohibitions. Notre étude consiste à identifier les contraintes normées, générales et impersonnelles, et celles qui sont d’inspirations communes mais traduites différemment grâce à l’apport de la composante déontologique, les « incompatibilités fonctionnelles ». Nous précisons aussi les nouvelles hypothèses d’un possible aménagement de l’emploi public avec d’autres activités et les nouvelles règles dans la manière de prendre ses distances avec son service (le pantouflage). Enfin, comme il n’y a pas de réglementation professionnelle sans contrôle de son respect et sans sanction de sa violation, nous étudions les dispositifs préventifs et répressifs. / The incompatibilities of the civil service.In order to avoid that any activity, service or private situation constituting an incompatibility with the pubic employment, the law on civil service is based on a strict regime of prohibitions. Therefore, our study consists on identifying standard, general, impersonal constraints, as well as constraints which despite being of common inspirations, have a different reflection with the contribution of the ethical component called "the functional incompatibilities".Additionally, we will precise the new assumptions of a possible modulation of the public employment along with other activities, and the new rules that govern the way distance can be taken with once service (the revolving door).Finally, and since no professional regulation exist without the control of its application and the sanctions of its violation, we will study the relative legal package of prevention and repression.

The implementation of public policies continues to be a serious challenge for the South African public service. Giving the overarching demands for quality public service delivery from the citizens, there is a serious need for the public sector to accelerate implementation of public policies which aimed at promoting the development of society. The primary objective of the research for this study is to critically analyse the policy implementation issues in the provincial government, the special reference is on the social assistance grant policies in the North West provincial government. Subservient to the primary objectives of the research is to highlight and emphasise the pivotal roles of the theory and practices of policy formulation, policy analysis and policy implementation to promote understanding on the factors which contribute towards the effective and efficient formulation and implementation of policies that are aimed at improving the lives of the people in general and those with special needs in particular. The complexities of policy development can be identified as one of the reasons for the delay and complete failure of policy implementation. Failure of policy can also largely be attributed to issues of poor implementation of policies. In addition, it has proven that sometimes policies are set out to achieve too ambitious targets which ultimately fall short of their desired outcome. Absence of policy analysis skills and practice in the provincial governments are also major impediments to the implementation of policies. The poor policy implementation in the North West provincial government is influenced by lack of reliable data and adequate information upon which to make decisions which is a consequence of an inadequate management information system. Moreover, poor policy implementation in the provincial government is as a result of and ascribed to a lack of financial resources, inadequate trained staff, poorly framed policies, target group opposition and underdeveloped bureaucracies which are unable to formulate and plan systematically. The other recurring criticism of poor policy implementation in the North West province is that policy implementation is the orientation towards centralisation. This means that most of the policies and plans are developed in the national government with little consultation with the final implementers. Policies often fail to capture the subtleties of initiatives at grassroots level. The distance of policy makers from practice not only causes problems for the managers of the policy but also creates a lack of harmony among the different elements of the same policy and among machinery of governments which are used to alleviate poverty such as Social Assistance Agency. The imposed national policies and directives to the provincial government without regards to their specific circumstances and without assessing the human and financial resource capacity of the provincial government led to waist of money and a complete failure of the implementation of policy in the province. So to ensure that policy is successfully implemented, there is a need for a guide to the implementation in the form of a public policy implementation variables and policy implementation model in the provincial governments in general and the North West province in particular. Proper policy implementation which include sufficient resources like finance and human resource and effective policy translation, management of policy implementation processes which include accountability and control and human capital development will all ensure a great deal of improvement and success in the policy implementation. Copyright / Dissertation (MAdmin)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA) / unrestricted

MAAS / Centre for African Studies / The purpose of this research project was to explore the impact of language in public services in terms of service delivery. The study was steered by the fundamental question that required the researcher to assess the extent to which language impacts on service delivery. Previous research focused much on the challenges in service delivery that culminated in riots and demonstrations by communities. Complaints ranged from poor service delivery, lack of effective service delivery, to corruption, all of which affected quality service delivery. On the contrary, this study seeks to broaden the horizon by bringing in a new dimension that looks into the interrelation between service delivery and language, and the impact thereof. The study intends to provide a better understanding of the significance of language in the public service sector. The nature of the study is both exploratory and descriptive. The study is underpinned by two theoretical frameworks, namely, the Critical Theory and the Social Identity Theory; which were used as the lenses through which interactions between the municipality and communities were perceived. The analysis of both interviews and document study analysis outlined the importance of dissecting information through various modes of communication: in this case, orally and also in a written form. The language of the communities was also adopted in order to address the challenges of service delivery. The study elicited the importance of language in the partnership between municipalities, as the local governing structure, and its communities. This study recommends that Thulamela Municipality should, in its organisational structure, incorporate a language service (like a language desk) which would handle all issues related to language - for instance, translation and interpreting - to ensure effective communication with its communities. In addition, the study also recommends that the Thulamela Municipality should adhere to the laws and legislation of South Africa, in terms of language use in its jurisdiction. / NRF

The role and function of application forms is for the purpose of recruitment and selection of candidates. Consequently, the role of the application form in the recruitment and selection of candidates, particularly currently being used in Africa, is investigated. the application form Z83 and Z27 public service employment in South Application forms, letters of application, curricula vitae, tests and interviews are instruments which can be used in the recruitment and selection of candidates. The source and nature of application forms enable institutions to collect and provide the required information in a precise manner compared to letters of application and curricula vitae. Application forms can provide basic information for tests and interviews. Although application forms facilitate the recruitment and selection of candidates, their completion and distribution can cause problems. However, ways and means by which the use of application form Z83 and Z27 can be improved in public service employment exist. / Public Administration / M. Admin.