Supplying of public services in transit districts The purpose of my thesis is study of public transportation as a public service, which is provided in transit districts. The thesis is composed of eight chapters and introduction. It introduces in with brief story to the subject of thesis and defines key terms for this thesis. First chapter does not focus on public transportation, but it looks at public service generally. It mentions important kinds of public service in western culture and deals with some of examples in the Czech republic. Second chapter presents key terms. In first sub chapter term is public transportation. It includes historical development of public transportation and its current situation. Second sub chapter contains development of transit districts around the world and in the Czech republic. Transport district is also known as a passenger transport executive. In Czech name "Integrovaný dopravní systém" is used, which stands for Integrated transportation system. Last sub chapter is about such system in Prague, capital of the Czech republic, which is called Prague transportation system (PIT). It not only describes PIT, but also illustrates history of public transportation Prague. Third chapter is about law 194/2010 on public passenger transport services. This law was prepared in...

Denna studie ämnar analysera jämställdheten för sportnyhetssändningar i Sverige och Spanien. Det analyserade materialet består av 10 stycken sportnyhetssändningar i repsektive land. Dessa har sammanfattats genom en kvantitativ studie som visas i tabeller genom statistikprogrammet SPSS. Resultaten av studien har kunnat påvisa hur pass jämställd denna nyhetskategori är i respektive länder. Genom tidigare forskning och teorier inom ämnet har vissa av resultaten kunnat påvisas som oförändrade, men där andra teorier bevisar hur samhällets roller ligger till grund än idag för vad som visas på televisionen. Studien visar att Sverige håller en jämnare fördelning mellan könen på sportnyheterna än Spanien. Skillnaderna avser hur mycket plats repsektive kön får i tv rutan, antalet inslag av dam/herrsporter, samt rollerna för kvinnor och männen i programmen. Resultatet av studien visar en stor skillnad mellan Sverige och Spanien i fördelningen av könen i de olika kategorierna.

The diploma thesis deals with the rights and obligations of the public administration in the protection of nature and landscape. It contains an introduction to the legal norms as a foundation for the activity of the public administration - the self-government and the municipal government. It gives the fundamental information about administrative law, administrative regulations and the principles of its activities. It describes the organizational structure of the public administration in the environmental protection, competences of the public administration institutions in protection of nature and landscape in detail. Further the diploma thesis deals with the responsibility of the environmental damage, especially harm to the environment. Five administrative procedures in protection of natura and landscape are contained in the analytical part of the thesis. Two of them deals with the projects intervening to a significant landscape element and the rest of them attends to the intentions which affect landscape character. The purpose of the diploma thesis is is analysis of the process of public administration in particular administrative procedures and to provide possible concepts of the procedure improvement as well.

Thesis (M.M. (Public and Development Management))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, School of Governance, 2014. / Since the advent of democracy in 1994, government programmes have improved the quality of lives and living standards of the poorest South Africans, the majority of whom were previously disadvantaged by apartheid segregation policies. On face value, racism and prejudice seem to have declined. Thus society seems to be slowly integrating as equals. However, the legacies of apartheid, combined with poor budgetary and financial management skills, a massive backlog in basic services and infrastructure, regional inequalities in the provision thereof, and sometimes tense social relationships, continue to limit opportunities for social and economic development. Additionally, despite progress made, many people remain vulnerable with poverty, unemployment, and health issues remaining a factor that continues to promote dependency on government The ability of government, municipalities in particular, to deliver such services and meet the expectations of the communities remains a contested notion. Capacity, a lack of suitable skills, bureaucracy and outsourcing of government functions to consultants has been widely blamed for what has been viewed as “shabby service delivery” by municipalities. These they believe are as a result of poor leadership skills, lack of vision and an inability to deliver while outsourcing its functions to unqualified, less experienced contractors who do not have the government’s development goals as their aim. The primary purpose of this research therefore is to determine the effects of internal bureaucracy on the provision of services within the City of Johannesburg. The research will further investigate how that impacts negatively on the City’s quest to provide quality services to its residence. These are leadership role, citizen engagement and governance. With reference to the ongoing public protests in various parts of the City, this ii research will in addition explore and attempt to understand how the City intends to address public violence linked to service delivery demands, and the impact that current internal institutional arrangements, leadership challenges and management systems have on realising the vision to achieve a world class African City that is well governed, resilient, sustainable and liveable for all. Recommendations informed by participant’s views and management theories will be also be made.

La prise en compte des usagers est aujourd'hui incontournable pour les professionnels en charge de la production des services de mobilité. Or, qu'il s'agisse de services traditionnels ou de nouveaux services collaboratifs comme le covoiturage, l'essentiel du travail de ces professionnels se déroule en l'absence des usagers, inaccessibles ou encore inexistants. La prise en compte des usagers se traduit alors par la mise en place d'outils variés (enquête, concertation, traitement des réclamations, communication, système d'information, etc.) destinés à représenter les usagers dans les différentes dimensions de la production du service. Au croisement d'approches interactionniste, sociotechnique et communicationnelle, cette thèse propose une lecture unifiée de ces divers outils de prise en compte des usagers en tant que travail collectif de construction d'une fiction de l'usager. Les professionnels élaborent cette fiction à l'articulation de leur travail d'interaction avec les usagers pendant lequel ils les mettent en scène et de leur travail de réflexivité pendant lequel ils les mettent en récit. Cette recherche repose sur une enquête qualitative menée chez deux producteurs franciliens de services de mobilité, constituée d'observations participantes de situations de travail et d'entretiens semi-directifs. Le premier cas est celui de l'autorité organisatrice de transport d'Île-de-France, suivie dans ses missions d'organisation du développement et de l'exploitation des services régionaux de transports collectifs. Le deuxième est celui d'une jeune start-up de covoiturage courte distance analysée au moment du lancement d'une expérimentation sur un territoire en grande couronne en partenariat avec les collectivités locales / It is now essential for professionals in charge of the mobility services production to take into account their users. However, most of the time they work in the absence of users : in the case of classic services, the users are inaccessible, and in the case of emerging collaborative services such as carpooling, they don't exist yet. Professionals then use various devices, such as surveys, consultation, claims processing, communication, or information system, in order to represent the users in the different dimensions of the mobility services production. This thesis research relies on interactionist, sociotechnical and commmunication approaches in order to give a global understanding of the production of these various devices generally taken separately. The main argument is that the professionals build a fiction in which the users become characters: they go back and forth between staging interactions with the users and reflecting on them through storytelling.This research relies on a qualitative study with two mobility services producers in the Parisian region based on participant observation of work situations and semi-structured interviews with professionals. The first one is the regional Public Transport Authority in charge of the design and the operation of the regional public transport services. The second one is a short distance carpooling start-up launching an experiment in partnership with local authorities in the outer suburbs of the metropolitan area

Denna uppsats bidrar till forskning kring hur motivation påverkar relationen mellan stressorer och arbetsrelaterad stress. Specifikt studeras hur offentliganställdas motivation att arbeta för samhället, deras Public Service Motivation (PSM) påverkar den effekt kvoten mellan ansträngning och belöning har på deras stress. Sambandet mellan stress och kvoten av ansträngning och belöning (E/R-kvoten) förutspås av Effort Reward Imbalance-modellen. Denna modell tar dock enbart hänsyn till extern belöning, utgångspunkten är att individer med hög PSM är starkt motiverade av interna belöningsfaktorer, vilket antas ha en modererande effekt på modellens samband. Uppsatsen undersöker därmed den modererande effekten av PSM på sambandet mellan E/R-kvoten och stress hos svenska socionomer. Frågeställningen undersöktes genom en enkätstudie med 172 respondenter. Resultaten ger stöd för uppsatsens hypotes och visar att PSM har en negativ modererande inverkan på E/R-kvotens effekt på stress. Dessa resultat stöder delvis tidigare forskning men öppnar också nya möjligheter för framtida studier.

Despite efforts to mitigate texting and driving in the United States, accidents as a result of distracted driving continue to increase, especially within the 16-24 age group. Considering the traits of the members of this age group, as well as the attributes of the various means that are utilized to mitigate such behavior, I hypothesize that the employment of filmed narratives in public service announcements is more effective than any other established approach. Testing the validity of this hypothesis, contributing to a lack of research, three methods of analysis were employed in this project: a textual analysis of a filmed narrative; an audience analysis of the comments accompanying the filmed narrative; and a video session followed by a self-administered questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that while the filmed narrative is more effective than the spoken narrative, more intensive analyses are necessary for further speculation. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

A dissertação possui como objetivo principal o estudo da modicidade tarifária nas concessões comuns de serviços públicos da Lei nº 9.987/95. Para isso, elabora, inicialmente, um panorama geral acerca dos principais aspectos relativos ao instituto do serviço público, tais como sobre sua definição, características, princípios gerais e inovações legislativas ocorridas nas últimas décadas que possibilitaram novas formas para sua execução (e que suscitaram dúvidas relativas a uma possível crise de sua noção e existência como instituto jurídico no ordenamento pátrio). Analisa a figura do serviço público adequado e o conteúdo jurídico dos seguintes requisitos (ou princípios) de sua conformação: regularidade, continuidade, eficiência, segurança, generalidade, cortesia e atualidade. Expõe, após isso, elucidações quanto à avaliação do papel do serviço público adequado na concretização de direitos fundamentais. Estabelece, em seguida, conceitos e parâmetros mínimos acerca de fatores relacionados à forma como se opera a remuneração dos serviços públicos em uma concessão comum e à política tarifária que se cria e se aplica nesse tipo contratual, para entender a maneira como esses fatores impactam a composição do valor tarifário. Com esse intuito, os seguintes itens foram averiguados: competência para se confeccionar a política tarifária; seu conteúdo e sua vinculação a políticas públicas; diferenças entre regimes tarifários em situações de monopólio e concorrência; critérios de escolha da proposta vencedora da licitação previstos na Lei Geral de Concessão; princípio da isonomia na política tarifária e acesso universal ao serviço público; gratuidade e a possibilidade de diferenciação de tarifas; fórmulas ou modelos de estruturação utilizados para a fixação do valor da tarifa; receitas alternativas do art. 11 da Lei Geral de Concessões; o lucro nas concessões de serviços públicos; e o princípio do equilíbrio econômico-financeiro dos contratos de concessão. Examina a previsão no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro da modicidade tarifária e apresenta as definições doutrinárias sobre o princípio, sistematizando-as com o intuito de apontar o conteúdo jurídico do mesmo. Avalia como se dão os impactos dos citados fatores referentes ao sistema remuneratório e à política tarifária sobre a modicidade na execução de serviços públicos nas concessões comuns. Realiza, por fim, conclusões quanto a problemas secundários levantados ao longo do trabalho, bem como quanto à questão principal referente às hipóteses relacionadas ao problema central da pesquisa, que consiste em saber se a devida compreensão do conteúdo jurídico do princípio da modicidade tarifária vincula-se à tarefa de se empregar corretamente as normas referentes ao regime remuneratório nos contratos de concessão de serviços públicos e de se proceder às melhores escolhas dentre as disponibilizadas para confecção e aplicação da política tarifária nesses tipos contratuais, no sentido da mais efetiva implementação do princípio. / The dissertation has as main object of study the moderateness of rates in public services concessions of Law nº 9.987/95. It elaborates initially an overview of the main aspects of the public service institute, such as about its definition, characteristics, general principles, legislative innovations that have occurred in recent decades and promoted new ways for its implementation (and that raised questions on a possible crisis in its concept and existence as a legal institute in the Brazilian legal order). It analyzes the figure of the adequate public service and the legal content of the following requirements (or principles) of its conformation: regularity, continuity, efficiency, safety, generality, courtesy and actuality. It exposes elucidations about the role of the adequate public service in the realization of fundamental rights. It sets concepts and minimum standards regarding factors related to how the remuneration of public services operates in a common concession and to rate policy that is created and adopted in that type of contract, to understand how these factors impact in the composition of the rate value, according to the analysis of the following elements: competence to fabricate the rate policy; its content and linking to public policies; differences between rate schemes in monopoly and competition situations; selection criteria of the bid winning of the bidding process in the General Law of Concession; the principle of equality in rate policy and the subject of universal access to public service; gratuity and the possibility of differentiation of rates; formulas or structure models used for fixing the rate value; alternatives revenues of article 11 of the General Concession Law; the profit in public service concessions; the principle of economic and financial balance of the concession contracts. It checks the moderateness of rates provision in the Brazilian legal system and it presents the doctrinal conceptual definitions of the principle, systematizing them in order to point its legal content that makes it possible to assess how the impact of those mentioned factors happens relating to the remuneration and to the rate policy on the moderateness in the execution of public services in concessions. It performs conclusions about secondary issues addressed throughout the dissertation as well as about the main issue that concerns the assumptions related to the central problem of the research, which is whether a proper understanding of the legal content of the moderateness of rates principle is linked to the task of properly applying factors related to the remuneration system and to making better choices among the available ones for the preparation and application of rates policies in a common concession of public services, in the sense of the most effective implementation of the principle.

O presente trabalho tem como tema a Inteligência Competitiva (IC), assim entendida como o conjunto das atividades envolvidas na coleta, análise e utilização estratégica de informações do ambiente competitivo no processo decisório das empresas. A IC é aqui estudada a partir de uma visão distinta de seu Contexto e de seu Processo. Argumenta-se que as empresas interpretam seu Ambiente Competitivo (AC) de forma distinta e, por esse motivo, organizam-se diferentemente para as atividades envolvidas no Processo de IC. Investiga-se neste trabalho os relacionamentos entre o modo com que essa empresa interpreta o ambiente competitivo e os elementos característicos do Contexto e do Processo de IC, com foco em empresas fornecedoras de produtos e serviços para órgãos do governo federal brasileiro. A partir de pesquisa realizada com uma amostra de 73 empresas, o estudo adiciona indícios confirmatórios da validade de alguns dos constructos teóricos de IC propostos na literatura e conclui pela existência de uma relação entre o modo com que a empresa interpreta o seu ambiente competitivo e as características de seus elementos contextuais e de suas atividades de IC. / This study discusses Competitive Intelligence (CI), defined as the set of activities involved in collection, analysis and use of strategic information from the competitive environment in decision-making process of organizations. CI is studied here from a perspective of its context and its process. It is argued that firms interpret their Competitive Environment in distinctive ways and, therefore, organize themselves differently for the activities related to CI. This work investigates the relationships between the way in which companies interpret the competitive environment and the elements characteristic of Context and Process of IC, focusing companies that supply products and services to federal agencies in Brazil. From a survey conducted with a sample of 73 companies, the study adds evidence confirming the validity of some of the theoretical constructs of IC proposed in the literature and concludes that there is a relationship between the way the company interprets its competitive environment and the characteristics of their contextual elements and activities of CI.

Existe um consenso na literatura segundo o qual as habilidades, os conhecimentos e a capacidade dos indivíduos produzem um aumento no nível de capital humano, que é elemento-chave para o progresso econômico de um país e de sua qualidade de vida. O Estado procura, de maneira geral, criar formas de potencializar os investimentos destinados à educação. A forma como esses recursos são alocados e distribuídos vai determinar a eficiência do gasto público. A eficiência da educação pode ser expressa por indicadores que refletem a qualidade da atividade educacional, comparados com os recursos aplicados. A definição dessa eficiência depende de vários fatores. Alguns deles são controlados pelo gestor; outros não, tais como: background familiar, característica do aluno e dos professores. Além desses aspectos, há também aqueles de natureza política que podem influenciar a estrutura de todas as relações intergovernamentais de um país, principalmente aquelas referentes ao financiamento dos serviços de educação. As relações definidas no pacto federativo têm implicações nos resultados da educação, na medida em que se efetivam as bases de negociação. Na educação brasileira, há alguns problemas intergovernamentais na definição de diretrizes, principalmente nas transferências de recursos. Muitas vezes, as decisões são tomadas unilateralmente pelo governo central, que intervém no montante de recursos a serem transferidos e na forma como eles devem ser aplicados, diminuindo a autonomia do município, bem como desconsiderando o conhecimento do gestor acerca das reais necessidades da comunidade e as especificidades locais. O objetivo desta pesquisa é mensurar a eficiência da aplicação dos gastos em educação e procurar identificar relações empíricas que validem a tese de que as transferências condicionais da educação fundamental são desfavoráveis à eficiência da aplicação de recursos. A fundamentação teórica para esta tese teve na teoria do federalismo fiscal sua principal ancoragem. Subsidiariamente, a teoria econômica da educação ajudou na compreensão da problemática e na definição das variáveis utilizadas para mensurar a eficiência da educação fundamental. Na parte empírica da pesquisa, mensurou-se a eficiência utilizando a técnica da Análise Envoltória de Dados em painel, denominada de DEA dinâmica DSBM (Dinamic Slacks Based Model), com dados do período de 2004 a 2009, referentes a 3.013 municípios brasileiros. Essa fase foi desenvolvida em dois estágios. No primeiro, utilizaram-se os insumos controlados pelo gestor (custo por aluno) e o Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica - IDEB, como produto da educação. No segundo, ajustaram-se os escores de eficiência obtidos no primeiro estágio, acrescentando ao modelo as variáveis não-controladas pelo gestor, mas que influenciavam a eficiência. A partir desses ajustamentos no poder discricionário dos escores de eficiência técnica, foi feita uma regressão GEE (Generalized Estimating Equations), tendo como variáveis explicativas da eficiência as transferências condicionais da educação fundamental, tais como: o Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (FUNDEB) e o Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE). Os resultados revelaram que, de forma geral, as transferências intergovernamentais condicionais direcionadas à educação afetam negativamente a eficiência dos gastos públicos no ensino fundamental, confirmando a tese proposta. Destaque-se, ainda, que a autonomia financeira tem um efeito positivo na eficiência da educação. Por fim, há evidências empíricas para afirmar que os municípios considerados mais eficientes têm maior custo por aluno, maiores índices de desenvolvimento da educação básica e maior número de alunos matriculados. Acredita-se que esta pesquisa possa proporcionar uma reflexão acerca da estrutura de financiamento da educação, especialmente no que diz respeito às condicionalidades de recursos específicos ao ensino fundamental. / There is a consensus in the literature that skills, knowledge and ability of individuals produce an increased level of human capital that is the key to the economic progress of a country and the quality of life. The State seeks, in general, to create ways to leverage investments to education. The way these resources are allocated and distributed will determine the efficiency of public spending. The efficiency of education can be expressed by indicators that reflect the quality of the educational activity, compared to the resources applied. The definition of this efficiency depends on several factors, some of them are controlled by the manager and others not, such as family background, characteristics of students and teachers. Besides these aspects, there are also those of political nature that may influence the structure of all intergovernmental relations of a country, especially those relating to financing of education services. The relations defined in the federal pact have implications for the results of education to the extent that accomplishes the basis for negotiation. In Brazilian education, there are some intergovernmental problems in the definition of guidelines, especially in resource transfers. Often, the decisions are made unilaterally by the central government that intervenes in the amount of resources to be transferred and the way these resources should be applied, decreasing the municipal autonomy as well as ignoring the manager\'s knowledge about the real needs of the community and local specificity. The objective of this research is to measure the efficiency of the application of spending on education and seek to identify empirical relations that validate the thesis that the conditional transfer of basic education are unfavorable to the efficient use of resources. The theoretical basis for this thesis had on the theory of fiscal federalism its main anchor. Alternatively, the economic theory of education has helped in understanding the problem and definition of variables used to measure the efficiency of education. In the empirical part of this research, the efficiency was measured using Data Envelopment Analysis in panel, called Dynamic DEA DSBM (Slacks Based Dynamic Model) with data for the period 2004 to 2009, relating to 3013 municipalities. This phase was conducted in two stages. At first stage, we used the inputs controlled by the manager (cost per student) and the Index of Development of Basic Education - IDEB, as a product of education. In the second stage, we adjusted the scores obtained in the first stage adding to the model uncontrollable variables by the manager, but that affected the efficiency. From these adjustments at the discretion of the technical efficiency scores, was made a regression GEE (Generalized Estimating Equations), having as explanatory variables of the efficiency the conditional transfer of basic education such as the Fund for the Development of Basic Education (FUNDEB) and the Fund for the National Education Development (FNDE). The results revealed that, in general, that conditionals transfers to education negatively affect the efficiency of public spending in basic education, confirmed the thesis proposed. Also, it should be noted that financial autonomy has a positive effect on the efficiency of education. Finally, there is empirical evidence to argue that municipalities considered more efficient have higher cost per student, larger IDEB and larger number of students enrolled. We believed that this research can provide a reflection on the structure of education funding, especially with regard to the conditionalities of specific resources to basic education.