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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
141

Katechetika a katechismy Církve československé husitské od roku 1920 do roku 1980 / The Czechoslovak Hussite Church Catechesis and Catechisms from 1920 to 1980

Matasová Wolfová, Jitka January 2013 (has links)
This work maps the evolution and changes of The Czechoslovak Hussite Church Catechesis from 1920 to 1980. The selected time frame starts with foundations of The Czechoslovak Hussite Church and ends with analysis of the academic life of Rudolf Horsky, the main thought leader of this field. Taking catechism as a theological field, this work focuses mainly on principal and materialistic catechism within specific historical thought streams. In this work, I aim to discover significant points in history that influenced the catechism of CČSH and the thought leaders of this field. In particular, I examine the form, content and purpose of catechisms. Catechisms normally include religious education of a particular Church, thus it is understandable to consider catechisms to be the materialistic basis of catechesis. I study the pedagogical and religious education purpose of catechisms of CČSH based on the content relevant for baptism, confirmation, and influence of cultural-hisotrical context to its content and usage.
142

L'enseignement de la langue maternelle malgache au primaire, depuis 1958 : l'enjeu de l'élaboration des programmes scolaires dans un contexte multilingue / The teaching of the Malagasy native language in primary education since 1958 : the challenge of developing school curricula in a multilingual context

Rakotoson, Sahondra Olivia 31 January 2019 (has links)
L’enseignement du malgache, langue maternelle et officielle à Madagascar, se trouve dans une position complexe car il ne permet pas aux enfants issus des classes primaires d’avoir les compétences escomptées en apprentissage de langues. Depuis l’avènement de la première république en 1958, les différents programmes scolaires qui se sont succédé n’affichent clairement ni des dispositions linguistiques face aux différentes variétés du malgache, ni des recommandations méthodologiques répondant aux besoins de l’apprentissage dans le contexte plurilingue où évoluent les élèves malgaches. Le système éducatif actuel devrait donc être revu pour être conforme à l’optique de la didactique intégrée et de l’intercompréhension. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans cette optique. Elle est le fruit des enquêtes et des observations des formations des enseignants ainsi que des pratiques de classes dans plusieurs établissements de Madagascar, menées en 2010-2012. Elle soulève les enjeux politique, pédagogique et didactique de l’élaboration du programme scolaire, qui devrait être le principal outil des différents acteurs pédagogiques. / Teaching Malagasy, which is the native and official language in Madagascar, is in a complex position because it does not enable children who completed primary classes to have the skills expected in learning languages. Since the advent of the first republic in 1958, the various school curricula which have followed one another do not show clearly either linguistic capacities in front of the different varieties of the Malagasy, or methodological recommendations meeting the needs of learning in the multilingual context where the Malagasy pupils are developing. The current education system should therefore be reconsidered so as to be in accordance with the perspective of integrated didactics and mutual understanding. This thesis is part of this perspective. It is the fruit of inquiries and observations based on the training sessions provided to teachers as well as on the classroom practices in several schools of Madagascar, which were conducted in 2010-2012. It raises the political, educational and didactic issues in developing school curricula, which should be the main tool of the various educational actors.
143

Využití genetické metody čtení v 1. ročníku ZŠ / Use of Genetic Method to Read in the first Grade of an elementary School

Hájková, Lucie January 2018 (has links)
This thesis deals with the issue of genetic method to reading in the first grade of an elementary school. The theoretical part is focused on the child's entry to school, their school maturity and further education. Other methods to read are presented, analysed and compared with the genetic method as well. Furthermore, the methods and ways how to put the genetic method in practice are pursued in detail along with didactical games and examples of teaching procedures. The practical part looks into the experience the teachers have gained with this method, the school success of the children and the opinion the family members have.
144

Grupo colaborativo como estratégia formativa de articulação da educação infantil com o Ensino Fundamental I

Oliveira, Adriana Beatriz de 06 July 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-08-17T13:05:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Beatriz de Oliveira.pdf: 2129072 bytes, checksum: d4513c4cf21913260c22e8a89975062a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-17T13:05:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Beatriz de Oliveira.pdf: 2129072 bytes, checksum: d4513c4cf21913260c22e8a89975062a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-06 / Ação Pedagógica e Avaliação, sob orientação da profa. dra. Laurizete Ferragut Passos The aim of this research was to analyze the possibilities and limits of a collaborative work developed in the implementation process of the Integrative Curriculum of the Childhood from the Municipal System of São Paulo, through narratives of an Early Childhood Education teachers group in partnership with one teacher of the Fundamental Education, from which we sought the articulation between the EMEI and the EMEF in order to give visibility to the Curricular proposal. The group movements during the reflection about their own practices and the local requests emerged as issues for the teaching work. The research had as formulated question: How the reflective movements derived from formative meetings with an Early Childhood Education teachers group contribute with their practices in the implementation process of the Integrative Curriculum of the Childhood from the Municipal System of São Paulo? The theoretical background was based on the National Curricular Guidelines for the Basic Education (MEC, 2013), the Integrative Curriculum of the Childhood of São Paulo (SÃO PAULO, 2015) and the teacher formation in the collaborative work perspective. To deal with this theme authors as Gatti and Barreto (2009), Imbernón (2009), Freire (1996 apud SAUL, 2015), Passos (2016), amog others, were used and allowed the reflection about possible ways which facilitated the understanding of the research problem. The research proposal focused on the Action Special Project (PEA) which takes place in the collective hours of the EMEI where the research was developed. The data were collected during the period of the year 2015 to 2016 using the prose analysis (ANDRÉ, 1983) and the inputs of authors such as Triviños (1987) and Creswell (2010) which helped to expand the scope of data interpretation. The analysis is organized in categories: Dialog between the EMEI and the EMEF and the Mathematics teaching; Articulation of the Integrative Curriculum, and The Collaborative Group composition and the new teaching and trainer apprenticeships. The results revealed the collaborative work as an efficient strategy for the reflection and improvement of the teacher practice since it contributes to the construction of a path that includes the main local requests, giving visibility to the prescribed and the performed Curriculum, through negotiations between the process participants who started to investigate their own actions, thus becoming a community of practice. This research contributes to a new culture of continuous training in the school context, bringing a new meaning for the teaching and the trainer work avoiding the centralization of the formation process and stimulates the valorization of the teacher knowledge, based on its doubts and incertainties, as the fundament of a transformation and reflection process. This process can only be changed if the subjects involved change their disposition in order to learn and to leave the discourse and adopt a thought practice, and also to change from an isolation culture to a collaborative work / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as possibilidades e os limites de um trabalho colaborativo que se desenvolveu no processo de implementação do Currículo Integrador da Infância Paulistana da Rede Municipal de São Paulo, por meio das narrativas de um grupo de professoras da Educação Infantil em parceria com uma professora do Ensino Fundamental e em que se buscou a articulação da EMEI com a EMEF para dar visibilidade à proposta Curricular. Os movimentos do grupo durante o processo de reflexão da própria prática e das demandas locais emergiram como problemáticas para o trabalho docente. A pesquisa teve como questão formulada: Como os movimentos reflexivos, decorrentes dos encontros formativos com um grupo de professoras da Educação Infantil, contribuem com a prática destas professoras no processo de implementação do Currículo Integrador da Infância Paulistana da Rede Municipal de Educação de São Paulo? O embasamento teórico utilizado baseou-se nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais da Educação Básica (MEC, 2013), o Currículo Integrador da Infância Paulistana (SÃO PAULO, 2015) e a formação do professor na perspectiva do trabalho colaborativo. Para essa temática, autores como Gatti e Barreto (2009), Imbernón (2009), Freire (1996 apud SAUL, 2015), Passos (2016) e outros, permitiram refletir sobre possíveis caminhos que viabilizaram a compreensão da problemática colocada nesta pesquisa. A proposta de pesquisa incidiu sobre o Projeto Especial de Ação (PEA) que ocorre nos horários coletivos da EMEI, contexto desta pesquisa. Os dados foram coletados nos anos de 2015 e 2016, utilizando a análise de prosa (ANDRÉ, 1983) e aportes de autores como Triviños (1987) e Creswell (2010) que permitiram ampliar o escopo de interpretação dos dados. A análise está organizada em três categorias: Diálogo da EMEI com a EMEF e o ensino da Matemática; Articulação do Currículo Integrador, e A constituição do grupo colaborativo e as novas aprendizagens da docência e do formador. Os resultados revelaram que o trabalho colaborativo se constitui em uma estratégia eficaz de reflexão e aprimoramento da prática docente ao contribuir com os sujeitos participantes na construção de um caminho que considere as principais demandas locais, dando maior visibilidade e compreensão entre o Currículo prescrito e o praticado, por meio das negociações entre as participantes do processo que passaram a investigar as próprias ações se constituindo em uma comunidade de prática. Esta pesquisa traz contribuições para uma nova cultura em formação continuada no contexto escolar, de modo a ressignificar a docência e o trabalho do formador por se comprometer com a superação de uma formação docente centralizada, mas que faz das dúvidas e incertezas a base para a investigação e valorização do conhecimento docente como fundamento para o processo de reflexão e transformação. Um processo que só poderá ser alterado se os sujeitos envolvidos alterarem sua disposição para aprender e movimentar-se na direção de sair do discurso para uma prática pensada e de uma cultura de isolamento para um trabalho colaborativo
145

A conciliação das ideias do cálculo com o currículo da educação básica: o raciocínio covariacional / The conciliation of Calculus ideas with the K-12 curriculum: the covariational reasoning

Orfali, Fabio 25 September 2017 (has links)
A ausência do Cálculo Diferencial e Integral no currículo do Ensino Médio no Brasil, diferentemente do que acontece em outros países, constituiu-se na motivação original para este trabalho. Considerando as finalidades mais gerais da escola básica apresentadas nos documentos oficiais, mostramos o aporte que o ensino de Cálculo pode conduzir à formação de nossos jovens, favorecendo uma visão mais integrada das disciplinas e o desenvolvimento da capacidade de compreender e interpretar fenômenos. Trazer o estudo do Cálculo para a escola básica, porém, não pode significar uma antecipação do que é feito nos cursos universitários, como acontecia no Brasil há algumas décadas. Pelo contrário, a abordagem deve se basear nas ideias fundamentais do Cálculo, como variação, aproximação e proporcionalidade, que já estão presentes no programa da escola básica. Para tanto, apresentamos o raciocínio covariacional, definido como o conjunto de atividades cognitivas envolvidas na análise coordenada das variações de duas grandezas interdependentes. Construindo uma trajetória que começa nas séries iniciais, chega às grandezas proporcionais, perpassa todo o estudo das funções e se estende até o final do Ensino Médio, mostramos que o modelo representado pelo raciocínio covariacional pode nortear o processo de fortalecimento das ideias do Cálculo no currículo da escola básica. Para ter uma noção do cenário atual, avaliamos o nível de raciocínio covariacional de 66 alunos recém-formados no Ensino Médio brasileiro, aprovados em um competitivo exame seletivo para ingresso na universidade. A enorme dispersão dos resultados indicou a pouca consistência do atual programa de nossa escola básica em relação ao desenvolvimento do raciocínio covariacional. Aproveitando o estudo realizado, extrapolamos o contexto da escola básica para avaliar a relação entre o nível inicial de raciocínio covariacional dos alunos e seu desempenho na disciplina de Cálculo na universidade. Os resultados sinalizam para o efeito positivo que um trabalho mais efetivo com o raciocínio covariacional pode ter no enfrentamento das dificuldades vividas por alunos e professores nas disciplinas de Cálculo do ensino superior. / The absence of Differential and Integral Calculus in Brazilian high school syllabus, differently from what happens in other countries, has been the main motivation to develop this thesis. Considering the most general objectives of the K-12 education presented in the official documents, we hereby demonstrate the robust contribution of teaching Calculus to the secondary school students, by offering an integrated discipline overview, and the development of the ability of understanding and interpreting phenomena. However, the introduction of the study of Calculus to secondary school should not be an anticipation of what is developed in the university courses, as it used to be some decades ago in Brazil. The approach, on the other hand, should be based on the Calculus fundamental ideas, such as: variation, approximation and proportionality, which are already present in the K-12 curriculum. Therefore, we described the covariational reasoning, which is defined as the cognitive activities involved in the coordinated analysis of two interdependent quantities variations. We have designed a track using a covariation framework, starting in elementary school, which then achieves the study of proportionality and functions, and extends up to the end of high school, resulting in the strengthening of the Calculus ideas in the curriculum. In order to have a general view of the current scenario, we evaluated the covariational reasoning level of 66 recent graduated high school students in Brazil, who were approved in a high competitive exam in order to enter university. As a result, we detected an impressive lack of consistency regarding the development of covariational reasoning in the secondary school curriculum. Moreover, we could evaluate the relation between the initial students covariational reasoning level and their understanding of Calculus in the university. Our results indicate that fostering covariational reasoning may effectively lead to a positive influence, when dealing with difficulties faced by students and faculty in Calculus courses at the university level.
146

EFETIVIDADE SOCIAL E PEDAGÓGICA DO ENSINO MÉDIO INTEGRADO: Análise de sua implantação no Instituto Federal Goiano / SOCIAL AND PEDAGOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF INTEGRATED MIDDLE SCHOOL: Analysis of its implantation in the Goiano Federal Institute.

Melo, Paulo Silva 27 August 2018 (has links)
Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-11-07T17:00:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PAULO SILVA MELO.pdf: 2917078 bytes, checksum: 1180ea71ef5bae3bc46f21e3444fd16d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-07T17:00:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PAULO SILVA MELO.pdf: 2917078 bytes, checksum: 1180ea71ef5bae3bc46f21e3444fd16d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-27 / The present thesis was aimed at Integrated High School. Studies on the integration between propaedeutic and vocational training (SOUZA, 2010, RAMOS, 2011, CHEPLUSKI, 2011, CORSO, 2015, GARCIA, 2017) show that the changes produced by Decree 5,154 / 2004 focused on the design of Vocational Education and, consequently, in their social and pedagogical functions. Since the legislation on this modality of education points to the integral, unitary and polytechnical formation of the students, the present research addresses possible impacts of these changes in both their social effectiveness and in the curricular and pedagogical practices. Taking into account the historical problematic of the dualism in secondary education, between human formation and technical training, with the intellectual formation destined to the preparatory formation to the sequence of studies in the university and the professional formation for the insertion in the process of capitalist production, the problem of The research was outlined in the following questions: Does the proposal of Higher Education integrated in a perspective of polytechnics aimed at overcoming the dualism between human formation and technical education have reached its objectives from a social and pedagogical point of view? What advances or obstacles can be identified in the course of its implementation and development, regarding the effective actions of curricular integration between Professional Education and High School? The objective of the research was to analyze the implementation and development process of Integrated High School in the Federal Goiano Institute, in order to evaluate the social and pedagogical effectiveness of this modality of education in relation to the purposes and objectives enunciated in the legislation and its curricular and pedagogical operationalization . Using theoretical-methodological foundations of dialectical historical materialism, a qualitative research was carried out employing documentary research and field research procedures. In the documentary research, we used official documents of the legislation and operational guidelines as well as institutional documents such as Pedagogical Projects of the Courses and Institutional Development Project of the Goiano Federal Institute (Goiano IF). The field research was attended by directors, course coordinators and technical-administrative servers. Data collection included questionnaires, interviews and observation of classes. The analysis considered the process of implantation and development of the High School Integrated to the Technical Professional Education of average level in the Goiano Federal Institute, identifying its contradictions with the integral, unitary and polytechnical formation of the students. The results point out that social effectiveness is being strongly challenged by the contradiction between educational purposes envisaged in the legislation and an operationalization based on the instrumental and utilitarian curriculum recommended by international organizations. The pedagogical effectiveness is faced with problems in the pedagogical training of teachers, in the real conditions of promotion of curricular integration, in the epistemological rigidity of a good part of the teachers in favor of the disciplinary curriculum. It was concluded that contradictory to what was proclaimed and sought, teaching remains fragmented, and the possibility of overcoming such contradiction requires, among other things, changes in curricular and pedagogical actions. For this, more investments in pedagogical management are required, since the pedagogical effectiveness and social effectiveness of the Integrated Higher Education form an interdependent unit. / A presente tese teve como objeto o Ensino Médio Integrado. Estudos sobre a integração entre a formação propedêutica e a formação profissional (SOUZA, 2010; RAMOS, 2011; CHEPLUSKI, 2011; CORSO, 2015; GARCIA, 2017) mostram que as mudanças produzidas pelo Decreto no 5.154/2004 incidiram na concepção da Educação Profissional e, em consequência, em suas funções sociais e pedagógicas. Uma vez que a legislação sobre essa modalidade de ensino aponta para a formação integral, unitária e politécnica dos estudantes, a presente pesquisa aborda possíveis impactos dessas alterações tanto em sua eficácia social como nas práticas curriculares e pedagógicas. Tendo em conta a reiterada problemática histórica do dualismo no ensino médio, entre formação humana e formação técnica, com a formação intelectual destinada à formação propedêutica à sequência de estudos na universidade e a formação profissional para a inserção no processo da produção capitalista, o problema de pesquisa se delineou nas seguintes questões: a proposta de Ensino Médio Integrado em uma perspectiva de politecnia visando à superação do dualismo entre formação humana e formação técnica vem atingindo seus objetivos do ponto de vista social e pedagógico? Quais avanços ou obstáculos podem ser identificados no percurso de sua implantação e desenvolvimento, no que diz respeito às ações efetivas de integração curricular entre a Educação Profissional e o Ensino Médio? O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar o processo de implantação e desenvolvimento do Ensino Médio Integrado no Instituto Federal Goiano, a fim de avaliar a efetividade social e pedagógica dessa modalidade de educação em relação a finalidades e objetivos enunciados na legislação e à sua operacionalização curricular e pedagógica. Utilizando fundamentos teóricometodológicos do materialismo histórico dialético, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa empregando os procedimentos de pesquisa documental e pesquisa de campo. Na pesquisa documental recorreu-se a documentos oficiais da legislação e a orientações operacionais bem como documentos institucionais como Projetos Pedagógicos dos Cursos e Projeto de Desenvolvimento Institucional do Instituto Federal Goiano (IF Goiano). A pesquisa de campo contou com a participação de diretores, coordenadores de curso e servidores técnicoadministrativos. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados questionários, entrevistas e observação de aulas. A análise considerou o processo de implantação e desenvolvimento do Ensino Médio Integrado à Educação Profissional Técnica de nível médio no Instituto Federal Goiano, identificando suas contradições face à formação integral, unitária e politécnica dos estudantes. Os resultados apontam que a efetividade social está sendo fortemente interpelada pela contradição existente entre finalidades educativas previstas na legislação e uma operacionalização baseada no currículo instrumental e utilitarista recomendado por organismos internacionais. A efetividade pedagógica se defronta com problemas na formação pedagógica dos professores, nas condições reais de promoção da integração curricular, na rigidez epistemológica de boa parte dos professores em favor do currículo disciplinar. Concluiu-se que contraditoriamente ao proclamado e buscado, o ensino permanece fragmentado, sendo que a possibilidade de superar tal contradição requer, entre outras, mudanças nas ações curriculares e pedagógicas. Para tanto, são requeridos mais investimentos na gestão pedagógica, uma vez que a efetividade pedagógica e efetividade social do Ensino Médio Integrado formam uma unidade interdependente.
147

Zkušenosti se zaváděním školních vzdělávacích programů / Experience with the application of school educational programmes

ZIMOVÁ, Šárka January 2010 (has links)
Nowadays, the extensive transformation of the whole school system is taking place in our society. School curriculum is introduced into all primary schools since September 2007. This diploma thesis is focused on accumulated experience of primary schools with the creation of school curriculum and the first practical experience with its implementation The first part of this thesis is devoted to the history of Czech education reforms, defines the basic terminology, discusses the different parts of general educational program and describes the creation of school curriculum. Another part is devoted to the research where we compare the experience of some primary schools with the creation and the implementation of school curriculum. In this case, it is used the method of questionnares and observation. The research is mainly focused on the problems of its own making and implementation.
148

Exploring practices determining the effectiveness and improvement of secondary schools in the Free State Province

Makoelle, Tsediso Michael 11 1900 (has links)
Globally, there are numerous debates on what constitutes an effective school. Parents strive to choose what they regard as the best school for the education of their children. Historically, school effectiveness is a phenomenon associated with learner attainment. Yet, school effectiveness is measured and conceptualized differently throughout the world. The aim of this research was to determine and define the factors contributing to the effectiveness of secondary schools in the Free State Province of South Africa. A case study was conducted on six schools selected in the Free State Province. Data were collected qualitatively by means of semi-structured and focus-group interviews with principals, SMTs, teachers, SGBs, learning facilitators and school-management and -governance developers. A documentary analysis was carried out to triangulate data from interviews. The data collected were triangulated and supported by an extensive literature review on school effectiveness and improvement. In particular, the literature review encompassed the policy context of school effectiveness in South Africa, definitions of the concept of school effectiveness, models of school effectiveness, methods of evaluating school effectiveness, the relationship between school effectiveness and school improvement, change and school improvement, approaches to school improvement and the characteristics of effective schools. The legislative framework for both teacher and school evaluations is highlighted and their effectiveness critically reviewed with reference to current investigations in the field. These empirical investigations, which, form part of this larger qualitative research project, show that effective schools exhibited high learner attainment, effective teaching and learning, as well as a highly effective leadership and management. Management, leadership and administration, curriculum, school governance and VI school support structures were confirmed as very instrumental as far as school effectiveness and improvement are concerned. Furthermore the study indicates that the current policies are not enhancing school effectiveness and improvement, thus the study recommends the index of school effectiveness and improvement (ISE&I). The Index of School Effectiveness and Improvement, which is a document that schools can use to review and enhance their effectiveness, is a model developed in the course of this study to assist schools in improving their effectiveness. Unlike the WSE review, which takes place every five years, the index suggests a continuous and regular review process by schools carried out by all stakeholders. In conclusion, an overview of the challenges identified by this research project, as well as the aspects in need of further research, is highlighted. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)
149

A conciliação das ideias do cálculo com o currículo da educação básica: o raciocínio covariacional / The conciliation of Calculus ideas with the K-12 curriculum: the covariational reasoning

Fabio Orfali 25 September 2017 (has links)
A ausência do Cálculo Diferencial e Integral no currículo do Ensino Médio no Brasil, diferentemente do que acontece em outros países, constituiu-se na motivação original para este trabalho. Considerando as finalidades mais gerais da escola básica apresentadas nos documentos oficiais, mostramos o aporte que o ensino de Cálculo pode conduzir à formação de nossos jovens, favorecendo uma visão mais integrada das disciplinas e o desenvolvimento da capacidade de compreender e interpretar fenômenos. Trazer o estudo do Cálculo para a escola básica, porém, não pode significar uma antecipação do que é feito nos cursos universitários, como acontecia no Brasil há algumas décadas. Pelo contrário, a abordagem deve se basear nas ideias fundamentais do Cálculo, como variação, aproximação e proporcionalidade, que já estão presentes no programa da escola básica. Para tanto, apresentamos o raciocínio covariacional, definido como o conjunto de atividades cognitivas envolvidas na análise coordenada das variações de duas grandezas interdependentes. Construindo uma trajetória que começa nas séries iniciais, chega às grandezas proporcionais, perpassa todo o estudo das funções e se estende até o final do Ensino Médio, mostramos que o modelo representado pelo raciocínio covariacional pode nortear o processo de fortalecimento das ideias do Cálculo no currículo da escola básica. Para ter uma noção do cenário atual, avaliamos o nível de raciocínio covariacional de 66 alunos recém-formados no Ensino Médio brasileiro, aprovados em um competitivo exame seletivo para ingresso na universidade. A enorme dispersão dos resultados indicou a pouca consistência do atual programa de nossa escola básica em relação ao desenvolvimento do raciocínio covariacional. Aproveitando o estudo realizado, extrapolamos o contexto da escola básica para avaliar a relação entre o nível inicial de raciocínio covariacional dos alunos e seu desempenho na disciplina de Cálculo na universidade. Os resultados sinalizam para o efeito positivo que um trabalho mais efetivo com o raciocínio covariacional pode ter no enfrentamento das dificuldades vividas por alunos e professores nas disciplinas de Cálculo do ensino superior. / The absence of Differential and Integral Calculus in Brazilian high school syllabus, differently from what happens in other countries, has been the main motivation to develop this thesis. Considering the most general objectives of the K-12 education presented in the official documents, we hereby demonstrate the robust contribution of teaching Calculus to the secondary school students, by offering an integrated discipline overview, and the development of the ability of understanding and interpreting phenomena. However, the introduction of the study of Calculus to secondary school should not be an anticipation of what is developed in the university courses, as it used to be some decades ago in Brazil. The approach, on the other hand, should be based on the Calculus fundamental ideas, such as: variation, approximation and proportionality, which are already present in the K-12 curriculum. Therefore, we described the covariational reasoning, which is defined as the cognitive activities involved in the coordinated analysis of two interdependent quantities variations. We have designed a track using a covariation framework, starting in elementary school, which then achieves the study of proportionality and functions, and extends up to the end of high school, resulting in the strengthening of the Calculus ideas in the curriculum. In order to have a general view of the current scenario, we evaluated the covariational reasoning level of 66 recent graduated high school students in Brazil, who were approved in a high competitive exam in order to enter university. As a result, we detected an impressive lack of consistency regarding the development of covariational reasoning in the secondary school curriculum. Moreover, we could evaluate the relation between the initial students covariational reasoning level and their understanding of Calculus in the university. Our results indicate that fostering covariational reasoning may effectively lead to a positive influence, when dealing with difficulties faced by students and faculty in Calculus courses at the university level.
150

四技二專統一入學測驗英文科對話題之研究 / A Study on the Dialogue Section of the Technological and Vocational Educational Examination

湯琦均, Tang, Ci Jyun Unknown Date (has links)
在臺灣的技職教育體系中,職業學校群科課程綱要是教材編撰及課程設計的參考基準;而四技二專統一入學測驗是高職學生升學的重要依據。其中,統測共同科目英文考科中的對話題,採用了間接測驗來評量學生的口語能力。本研究旨在討論統測英文科對話題與高職英文課綱之吻合程度,及統測對話題的內容效度。為了達成此研究目的,本研究分析統測英文考科對話題型以及高職英文課程綱要,同時參考與測驗口說能力之相關教學研究及論文,發展出課綱檢核表及口說能力檢核表做為研究工具。 研究結果顯示,統測對話題與高職課綱中口說能力相關指標大致符合,但主題分佈不甚平均,主要強調日常生活情境下的溝通能力。就內容效度而言,其檢驗之能力多為基礎口語技巧,並且偏重測驗考生如何傳遞訊息及維持互動,並沒有包含處理互動的技巧。根據本研究之發現,筆者針對未來研究方向及測驗實務提出了建議。 / In the vocational education system in Taiwan, the Vocational High School Curriculum Guideline (VHSCG) is the basis of teaching materials and curriculum design, and the Technological and Vocational Educational Examination (TVEE) is an important reference for students to enter college. In the English test of the TVEE, an indirect speaking test was applied in the dialogue section. This research aims to investigate: (1) the correspondence between goals of speaking ability in the VHSCG and the dialogue section of the TVEE; and (2) the construct validity of the dialogue section. To achieve the purpose, this research analyzed the current curriculum guideline and the English tests of the TVEE, and studied the previous literature about assessing speaking ability to develop two checklists as instruments to analyze the targeted test items. Results indicated that the dialogue section of the TVEE generally corresponded with the speaking ability index in the VHSCG, but the topic distribution was imbalanced. The test items primarily focused on the communicative ability in daily-life contexts and was lacked of items that examine descriptive ability. For the construct validity, the dialogue section of the TVEE mostly examined fundamental speaking skills. Informational and interactional skills were strongly emphasized, while the skills in managing interaction were completely absent. Based on the findings of this research, the researcher yielded suggestions for future research and implications for the test developers.

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