Short story cycle Magija Beograda (2008, The Magic of Belgrade, Czech anthology Belgrade, my magic love!, 2014) is one of the last works of Serbian author Momo Kapor. His subject matter is contemporary picture of Belgrade and characters in his work are people, who are emotionally bound to this city. The aim of this dissertation is to introduce a Czech translation of the short stories and their translatological commentary. This work deals with the theme of Belgrade work of Kapor, which the author engaged in throughout his whole life and wrote in this style for more than ten years. This area of his work still does not have a Czech literary translation. This dissertation also brings more coherent author's portrait. Pivotal part consists of two chapters, first one is devoted to the profile of the author and the second one to the translation and commentary.

The thesis paper focuses on the American suburbia, which is understood as an important social and cultural concept which plays a key role in the cultural history of America. The paper defines the basic characteristics and components of the utopian myth of the modern suburbs, such as the pastoral ideal, the notion of deliberate withdrawal from the urban areas, the role of the community or the focus on family togetherness. These concepts are traced in the American cultural history, especially in the idealized legacy of the early settlers and early Puritan communities. The development of the usage and depiction of these cultural concepts in the literary fiction of the period between the 1950s and 80s is then traced in the texts of three major American chroniclers of the suburban life - John Cheever, John Updike, and Raymond Carver. The social context and the historical development of the suburbs are also taken into consideration.

The diploma thesis offers an analysis of a unique set of texts. The analysis explores the language devices used in the composition of the texts. The set of texts includes a short story Groza by Vladimir Nabokov and its translations. The short story was originally written in Russian, and then translated by the author into English. There exist two Czech translations, one from Russian, one from English. The thesis presents a theoretical framework for the analysis. It is composed of two parts. The first one summarizes the most frequent translation related changes in meaning. The second one compares Nabokov's theory and practice of translation. The theoretical framework is applied to the comparison of the target-language texts with the source-language texts, as well as to the comparison of the two translations from different source-language texts. Comparison of the results of the analysis with the hypotheses stated in the Introduction affirms the movement of the meaning towards stylistic neutrality and shows the influence of the source-language upon the target-language. On the other hand it rejects the statement that Nabokov as a self-translator wanted to preserve the literary qualities of the text, being ready to sacrifice its language qualities. Keywords: comparative analysis, language devices,...

The main focus of this thesis is the interpretation of the view of the world in two of the short stories of Argentinean writer Roberto Arlt. The thesis is based on essay of the foundation, evolution and theory of short story. Both the global point of view and the perspectives of Hispano-American authors Horacio Quiroga, Julio Cortázar and Jorge Luis Borges are considered. In addition, this work describes Argentinean society at the turn of the 19th into the 20th century, the society being the main period of Arlt's pieces. The context of the literature in Buenos Aires in the 1920s and 1930s is also described to introduce the writer's position among his contemporaries. A brief introduction of Roberto Arlt's biography and writings is included as background. All of these factors are addressed in the analysis of the short stories "The Little Hunchback" and "Ester Primavera." The analysis is targeted at the style and method used to create the short stories and about the acts and life situations of its characters. Arlt's integration of lower social class and colloquial language in literature, his interest in the individual existence, and the gradual elimination of the boundary between reality and fiction, inspired many writers of the following generation.

This diploma thesis focuses on thematic interpretation of the short stories collection Lettipark by Judith Hermann, which was released in 2016 in German language. The Czech translation was published in 2018. Within individual interpretations never realized images, expectations and dreams will be accented. They may be regarded as unfulfilled desires of the main characters of the short stories. One part of this diploma thesis also includes the categorization of the author into German literature since the middle 90's of the last century until today. The prose writer's reception in the Czech Republic is also taken into consideration. KEY WORDS German literature, short story, desire, Judith Hermann, character analysis, thematic interpretation

En comparaison avec les autres genres littéraires, la nouvelle peut être considérée comme un phénomène littéraire totalement nouveau. Même s’il n’est passé sur son apparition en Occident qu’environ deux siècles, les critiques ont nommé l’ère moderne comme « l’ère du roman et de la nouvelle ». Ces critiques affirment que la poésie et la prose ont été influencées par la littérature romanesque et par ses auteurs, d’où la nécessité d’étudier cette dernière afin de découvrir une période littéraire précise. Et de fait, l’importance de la nouvelle, sur le plan littéraire, est le résultat des changements sociopolitiques des sociétés. La Nouvelle est le porte-parole de ces changements dans la mesure où elle décrit et raconte les événements qui marquent la société. C’est ainsi que ce genre littéraire a eu un bon accueil chez les créateurs comme chez les lecteurs. En Iran, la Révolution a été l’évènement politique et social le plus important du XXe siècle, car elle a provoqué des changements et des transformations radicales dans la société à plus d’un titre. Ces changements sont remarquables dans les domaines culturels et littéraires, d’autant plus qu’ils ont permis à la littérature romanesque, par exemple, d’acquérir de nouvelles dimensions de forme et de thèmes. La présente thèse se propose de dessiner, dans une perspective diachronique, les contours de la nouvelle depuis la période de la Révolution constitutionnelle jusqu’à la Révolution Islamique. Pour répondre à cet objectif, nous avons étudié les événements historiques, sociaux et politiques qui ont entouré la nouvelle depuis sa naissance jusqu’à son établissement comme genre indépendant. / In comparison with other literary genres, the short-story may be considered as an utterly new literary phenomenon. Even though it first appeared in the western literature about two centuries ago, critics viewed the modern era as “the era of the novel and the short-story”. Those critics assert that poetry and prose were influenced by the novelistic literature and its authors, hence the need to study that genre in order to find an accurate literary period. And indeed, on the literary plane, the importance of the short-story is the outcome of social and political changes that occurred in societies. The short-story is the mouthpiece of those changes insofar as it depicts and relates the events which put their stamps on society. This is how that literary genre was warmly welcomed by creators as well as by readers. In Iran, the Revolution was the most outstanding political and social event of the twentieth century, for it instigated radical changes and transformations in society to more than one way. Those may be observed in the cultural and literary spheres, all the more so since, as an example, they let novelistic literature gain new dimensions of forms and themes. This thesis aims at highlighting, in a diachronic perspective, the contours of the short-story from the period of the constitutional Revolution to the Islamic Revolution. To meet this objective, we studied the historical, social and political issues around the short-story from its birth to its founding as an independent genre.

As adaptações nunca param de ocupar as telas de cinema e continuam a prender a atenção de críticos e analistas. Este trabalho trata basicamente da tradução de linguagem do universo verbal - literário para o universo fílmico. E uma tentativa de criar urn caminho para o entendimento das adaptações e as razões da fragmentação e adequações que estas sofrem, criando-se um outro texto. Esta pesquisa está concentrada em uma específica adaptação. Ela investiga a forma como Luchino Visconti transmutou o conto Au bard du lit de Guy de Maupassant no filme II lavoro. / Adaptations never leave the marquees of movie theaters and have persistently captured the attention of critics and analysts. The present work focuses basically on language translation from the verbal - literary universe to the filmic universe. It is an attempt to find a way to understand adaptation and the reasons for the fragmentation and adequating process it suffers and that creates another text. The research is concentrated on a specific adaptation. It investigates the way Guy de Maupassant\'s Au bord du lit was translated by Luchino Visconti in the movie II lavoro.

Este trabalho tem como horizonte a análise da produção do escritor goês Júlio Gonçalves, composta por matérias não ficcionais, tais como biografias, estudos historiográficos e crônicas, bem como por crônicas, contos e poesia. O corpus do trabalho advém, sobretudo, da revista Illustração Goana (1864-1866), que o escritor dirigia e editava. O presente estudo tem dois objetivos: tratar da imprensa literária da qual a referida publicação fez parte e analisar a produção em prosa de Júlio Gonçalves. Tendo sido o primeiro escritor goês a escrever e publicar contos, foi um dos grandes promotores das letras em Goa, podendo ser tomado como um paradigma da produção literário daquele momento. / This thesis has as its main aim the analyses of the oeuvre of the Goan writer Júlio Gonçalves, composed of non-fiction works such as biographies, historiographical studies and chronicles, as well as short stories and poetry. The corpus of the work comes, mainly, from the journal Illustração Goana (1864-1866) that Gonçalves both directed and edited. The present study has two main objectives: to deal with the literary press of which this publication was part, and to analyze the prose production of Júlio Gonçalves. Having been the first author to write and publish short stories, he was one of the great mentors of literature in Goa, and could be considered as a paradigm of the literary production of Goan literature of the time.

A presente dissertação busca fazer uma análise da obra em contos do escritor Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto (1881-1922), que se encontra publicada em diversas coletâneas; algumas organizadas pelo próprio autor, outras publicadas por pesquisadores e editores. Foi constatado ao longo de nossa pesquisa que a contística barretiana se encontra, atualmente, em situação bastante problemática. Do ponto de vista da crítica literária, ela tem sido pouco estudada e, com relação à situação editorial, a obra em contos de Lima Barreto tem apresentado inúmeros casos de negligência. Outro dado levantado por nossa pesquisa apontou que um número elevado de textos do autor se encontra presente simultaneamente em coletâneas destinadas aos gêneros conto e crônica. Tal oscilação se constitui como índice de uma problemática ainda maior, que deságua na pouca atenção dispensada pela crítica a esta parcela de sua prosa ficcional. O método utilizado ao longo deste trabalho partiu do entendimento apresentado pelo próprio Lima Barreto sobre a função social da literatura, sintetizada na ideia de literatura militante. Além deste, a pesquisa se pautou pelas discussões travadas pelo autor em torno das questões de gênero literário e pelo próprio contexto no qual o autor produziu, conhecido pela denominação de \"pré-modernismo\". A partir da constatação de que os romances de Lima Barreto já apresentam as marcas de uma diluição nas fronteiras tradicionais entre os gêneros literários, o objetivo da dissertação foi o de tentar demonstrar que esta característica também está fortemente presente em seus contos, sobretudo no aspecto híbrido que apresentam, tais como conto e ensaio; conto e crônica; conto e anedota; conto e diálogo. Além do hibridismo, encontra-se na prosa ficcional curta do autor, de forma mais acentuada que nos romances, a questão da oralidade e da escrita jornalística. Estas, por sua vez, se configuram como prenúncios da modernidade estilística da prosa brasileira que se consagraria pelo século XX afora. Muitas questões ainda restam em aberto, embora a pesquisa tenha conseguido identificar algo que unifique, ainda que precariamente, a totalidade dos textos escritos pelo autor dentro deste gênero literário, qual seja: a diversidade estilística e o hibridismo estético. / This paper intends to make an analysis about Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto\'s short stories (1881 - 1922) that have been published in many collections. Researches and editors published these collections and some of them were organized by the own author. Through this survey, it was observed that the short stories are on a difficult situation. From a literary criticism point of view, this kind of situation is not been studied as much as it should be. From a editorial perspective, the Lima Barreto\'s short stories have various negligence cases. There is another relevant aspect observed through this survey. There are a lot of Lima Barreto\'s texts in collections about short stories and chronicles and this kind of variation reflects a big problem: the literary criticism has given insufficient attention to the fictional prose work of the author. The method used to develop this research was based on Lima Barreto understanding about the social function of literature, summarized in the activist literature idea. In addition to this, the research was based on the discussions held by the author around issues of literary genre and by the context in which the author produced his work, known as the \"premodernism\". The traditional borders between literary genres are more fluids on Lima Barreto\'s novels. Based on the above, the objective of this paper was to show that this characteristic is also in his short stories, foremost with its hybrids aspects as short story and essay; short story and chronicle; short story and jokes; short story and dialogue. Besides the hybrids aspects, there are the orality issue and a kind of writing based on journalism found on the author\'s short fictional prose. This kind of prose is like an omen of stylistic modernity of Brazilian prose, which would be established on XX century and forward. Although the research identified (even in a poor way) something that could unify the texts made by the author in literary genre that involves stylistic diversity and aesthetic hybridism, there are many issues to solve.

Este estudo consiste numa leitura da obra de Jorge Luis Borges, em especial de sua narrativa, a partir dos pressupostos da crítica literária dialética em sua busca pelo estabelecimento de possíveis mediações entre literatura e sociedade. Nosso ponto de partida foi a análise das premissas teóricas do escritor argentino a respeito do gênero conto e, em seguida, passamos à discussão a respeito dos temas da leitura e da reescrita no âmbito de sua produção literária e teórica. Ao longo desse percurso, delinearam-se características formais que podem ser descritas em termos de uma prevalência do abstrato sobre o específico, do todo sobre a parte, ou, finalmente, do universal sobre o particular. Esse esquema básico, embora se configure de diferentes formas no objeto, foi isolado pelo trabalho de análise e identificado como o princípio constitutivo da forma, concebida tanto do ponto de vista da composição, em que todo e partes se articulam, quanto do ponto de vista da reescrita de uma história tradicional ou arquetípica, em que a fábula básica do intertexto impõe o padrão da ação ao texto receptor. A proposta interpretativa deste estudo sugere ver nesses traços aspectos da sociedade capitalista contemporânea, cujas relações sociais se pautam pelo tipo de racionalidade instrumental típico da sociedade burguesa. O predomínio do geral sobre o particular, isto é, do valor de troca sobre o valor de uso, que caracteriza a forma-mercadoria na visão de Marx, se generaliza e expande sua lógica para todos os domínios da realidade. Convergindo com a formação do valor da mercadoria, a obra de arte partilharia, em certa medida, do pensamento reificado da totalidade social, de acordo com Theodor Adorno. Essa proposta interpretativa é levada a término e suas consequências dialéticas discutidas por meio da análise do conto El Zahir, pertencente ao livro El Aleph, publicado em 1949 em Buenos Aires. A fim de possibilitar essa análise, o presente estudo inclui também a análise do conto Berenice, de Edgar Allan Poe, com o qual El Zahir estabelece um diálogo sutil, embora bastante produtivo. Ademais, encontram-se comentados ou analisados neste trabalho os contos Funes, el memoriso, Tema del traidor y del héroe (Ficções, 1944) e La trama (El hacedor, 1960). / This study consists of a reading of the work of Jorge Luis Borges, especially his narrative, based on the presuppositions of dialectical literary criticism, which seeks to establish modes of mediation between literature and society. Our starting point was the analysis of theoretical propositions about the theory of the short story in the work of the Argentine writer, and then we turn to the discussion about the themes of reading and rewriting in his fictional and theoretical work. Along this path, formal features have been delineated that can be described as a prevalence of the abstract over the specific, the whole over the part, or, finally, the universal over the particular. This basic scheme, even though it is configured in different ways in the object, was isolated by the work of analysis and identified as the constitutive principle of form, conceived both from the point of view of composition, in which whole and parts are articulated, and from the point of view of the rewriting of a traditional or archetypal story, in which the basic plot of the intertext imposes the pattern of action upon the receiving text. The interpretive proposal of this study suggests to look at these features aspects of contemporary capitalist society, whose social relations are based on the form of instrumental rationality typical of bourgeois society. The predominance of the general over the particular, that is, of the exchange value over use-value, which characterizes the commodity form in Marx\'s view, generalizes and expands its logic to all areas of reality. Converging with the formation of the value of the commodity, the work of art would share, to some extent, the reified thought of the social totality, according to Theodor Adorno. This interpretative proposal is brought to an end and its dialectical consequences discussed through the analysis of the short story \"El Zahir\" tale, belonging to the book \"El Aleph\", published in 1949 in Buenos Aires. In order to make this analysis possible, this study also includes an analysis of Edgar Allan Poe\'s short story \"Berenice\", with which \"El Zahir\" establishes a subtle yet productive dialogue. In addition, the short stories \" Funes, el memoriso, Tema del traidor y del héroe (Ficções, 1944) and La trama (El hacedor, 1960) have been commented or analyzed in this work.