A presente dissertação apresenta uma reflexão sobre a relação Cinema-História. O cinema encontrou dificuldades para ser aceito como fonte pelos historiadores, devido à caracterização e à qualificação desta fonte, bem como pelo seu despreparo para analisá-las. Este trabalho problematiza a relação cinema-história, suas possibilidades de interação e reflete sobre estas desde a perspectiva do trabalho do historiador e do seu fazer historiográfico. Parte-se da premissa de que o historiador não pode fechar os olhos para o cinema, seus desafios e os diferentes usos e abusos realizados com a história. Renunciar ao debate e à reflexão implica na perda da função social e política que o fazer historiográfico carrega e dele somos indissociável. Esta dissertação propõe a elaboração de um método de análise Históricocinematográfico, buscando sintetizar as reflexões de diferentes autores das áreas da História e do Cinema. Nossa análise toma como base três filmes que abordam o contexto da Guerra Civil Espanhola. O primeiro filme, ¡Ay, Carmela! (Carlos Saura, 1990), enfoca o conflito através dos dramas e desejos de três atores “mambembes” e sua luta pela sobrevivência. Esta película permite abordar as inter-relações entre arte e guerra e entre o humor presente na atuação dos personagens e nos seus números apresentados frente ao horror de uma guerra e seus traumas. Também são destacados no filme os brigadistas, a presença fascista italiana e o processo de internacionalização do conflito. O segundo filme, Terra e Liberdade (Ken Loach, 1995), aborda a participação e o papel das milícias e, principalmente, as divisões políticas que se formaram no interior do campo republicano (ou antifascista) durante a guerra. O filme permite uma discussão sobre o debate político no interior da esquerda e o contexto no qual é retratado. O terceiro filme, Libertárias (Vicente Aranda, 1996) aborda a atuação das milícias anarquistas no front da Guerra Civil através da história da freira Maria e sua trajetória com um grupo de combatentes anarquistas, retratadas sob um ponto-de-vista coletivo, sem que um personagem assuma um protagonismo principal. A conclusão apresenta elementos comparativos das três películas e reflete sobre a relação Cinema-História e suas implicações na contemporaneidade. / This thesis presents a reflection on the relation between Cinema and History. The cinema had difficulty being accepted by historians as a source because of the characterization and qualification of this source, as well as their unwillingness to consider them. This paper discusses the relation between cinema and history and its ability of interaction. It ponders on the subject from the perspective of the historian's work and its historiographical doings. The discussion starts with the premise that the historian can not shut his eyes to the cinema, its challenges and different uses and abuses committed against history. To renounce debate and reflection implies on the loss of the social and political function that the historiographical doing carries, and we are inseparable from it. This thesis proposes the development of a filmhistory method of analysis, seeking to synthesize the reflections of different authors in the areas of History and Cinema. Our analysis is based on three films that address the context of the Spanish Civil War. The first movie is, ¡Ay, Carmela! (Carlos Saura, 1990), which focuses on the conflict through the dramas and desires of three stage actors and their struggle for survival. This film allows us to study the interrelations between art and war and between the humor in the characters’ actions and their plays against the horror of war and its traumas. The brigade and the presence of Italian fascists during the process of internationalization of the conflict are also highlighted by the film. The second film, Land and Freedom (Ken Loach, 1995), addresses the role of the militias and especially the political divisions that emerged within the Republican camp (or fascist) during the war. The film allows a discussion on the political debate within the left and the context in which it is portrayed. The third film, Freedomfighters (Vicente Aranda, 1996) discusses the role of the anarchist militias in the Civil War front through the story of the nun Maria and her journey with a group of anarchist fighters, depicted from a collective point of view without any character on a leading role. The conclusion presents comparative elements of the three films and reflects on the Cinema- History relation and its implications for contemporary society.

Every product has economic, environmental, and social impacts whether or not those impacts are explicitly considered. These impacts affect society and are an important part of engineering design. "Triple Bottom Line Sustainability" focuses on economic, environmental, and social sustainability and has become an important goal for those designing products. Economic considerations are an established part of the engineering design process. Environmental considerations are increasingly being considered in design including the development of design standards and widely used methodologies. Social impact considerations, however, lack the standardization and wide inclusion of economic and environmental considerations. This results in reduced and unbalanced consideration of social impacts compared to economic and environmental impacts. Improved consideration of social impacts in engineered products would benefit society in many areas of life. While many tools and methodologies for assessing social impact exist and are used in the social science and development fields, these tools are not broadly used in the engineering community. Some reasons these methods are not more standardly practiced include designers not being aware of the methods, methods not being widely applicable or adaptable, methods being too complicated or time intensive to use, or methods not being useful in product development processes. The purpose of this research is to classify and organize design tools for social impact and create methods that fill holes in the social impact design tool space. The classification and organization is done through the classification of 374 papers in the EGD literature along several dimensions including method purpose, industry sector, social impacts considered, sustainable development goals, paper setting, and data inputs required. This will increase awareness of available methods and help designers find relevant research to aid them. Additionally, this research describes two methods developed by the author to fill specific gaps identified in the literature.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lourenco Stelio Rega.pdf: 10930790 bytes, checksum: 726653474fce7e8d52524be11def05f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-27 / For a long time the History of the Church in Latin America was written following the canons of positivist History, privileging the institution, power, politics, colonization and as a collateral effect, the intentional oppression towards the original people of the hidden land, which through this form of writing History was forgotten, became anonymous, without the right of becoming the source, to also be counted as the builder of the historic facts. Furthermore, the History of the church was built from a eurocentric perception; this included the Latin American church that figured as an appendix in the History compendia. It would be necessary to provoke a revolution in the writing of History, doing it from the bottom , from the basement to the attic , starting from the forgotten people, instead of starting from the institution, from the Church. Thus the present thesis aims to demonstrate that the historical work of Enrique Dussel was constructed upon another History of the Church in Latin America, built upon the Other forgotten one by the Church, the other poor one, but also oppressed, being therefore a History written by the otherness (alterity) of the person and not by the Institution. A History starting from the Other, for the Other and by the Other. An Alter-History (Otherness-History). This Enterprise of Dussel was concretized with the creation of the Commission for the Studies of the History of the Church in Latin America Comisión para Estudios de la Historia de la Iglesia en América Latina (CEHILA), directed continuously by him for 20 years and which was the object of his interchange in effecting the operating foundations of the other History of the Church in Latin America / Por muito tempo a História da Igreja na América Latina foi escrita sob os cânones da História positivista, privilegiando a instituição, o poder, a política, a colonização e, como efeito colateral, a opressão intencionada ao povo originário da terra encoberta , que, nesta forma de escrever a História, foi esquecido, ficou anônimo, sem o direito de ser fonte, de ser contado também como construtor de fatos históricos. Além disso, a História da Igreja era construída desde uma óptica eurocêntrica, isso incluía a Igreja latino-americana, que contava como um apêndice nos compêndios de História. Seria preciso provocar uma revolução na escrita da História, escrevendo-a de baixo , do porão ao sótão , à partir do povo esquecido, em vez de partir da instituição, da Igreja. Sendo assim, a presente tese tem como objetivo demonstrar que a obra histórica de Enrique Dussel se constituiu numa outra História da Igreja na América Latina construída a partir do Outro esquecido pela Igreja, o Outro pobre, mas também oprimido, sendo, portanto, uma História escrita a partir da alteridade, da pessoa e não a partir da instituição. Uma História escrita a partir do Outro, para o Outro e pelo Outro. Uma Alter-História. Este empreendimento de Dussel foi concretizado com a criação da Comisión para Estudios de la Historia de la Iglesia en América Latina (CEHILA), por ele dirigida por 20 anos seguidos e que foi objeto de sua interlocução na efetivação e construção dos fundamentos operativos da outra História da Igreja na América Latina

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Purpose: Script concordance tests (SCTs) are assessments purported to measure clinical data interpretation. The aims of this research were to (1) test the psychometric properties of SCT items, (2) directly examine the construct validity of SCTs, and (3) explore the concurrent validity of six SCT scoring methods while also considering validity at the item difficulty and item type levels. Methods: SCT scores from a problem solving SCT (SCT-PS; n=522) and emergency medicine SCT (SCT-EM; n=1040) were used to investigate the aims of this research. An item analysis was conducted to optimize the SCT datasets, to categorize items into levels of difficulty and type, and to test for gender biases. A confirmatory factor analysis tested whether SCT scores conformed to a theorized unidimensional factor structure. Exploratory factor analyses examined the effects of six SCT scoring methods on construct validity. The concurrent validity of each scoring method was also tested via a one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Pearson’s product moment correlations. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and one-way ANOVA tested the discriminatory power of the SCTs according to item difficulty and type. Results: Item analysis identified no gender biases. A combination of moderate model-fit indices and poor factor loadings from the confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the SCTs under investigation did not conform to a unidimensional factor structure. Exploratory factor analyses of six different scoring methods repeatedly revealed weak factor loadings, and extracted factors consistently explained only a small portion of the total variance. Results of the concurrent validity study showed that all six scoring methods discriminated between medical training levels in spite of lower reliability coefficients on 3-point scoring methods. In addition, examinees as MS4s significantly (p<0.001) outperformed their MS2 SCT scores in all difficulty categories. Cross-sectional analysis of SCT-EM data reported significant differences (p<0.001) between experienced EM physicians, EM residents, and MS4s at each level of difficulty. When considering item type, diagnostic and therapeutic items differentiated between all three training levels, while investigational items could not readily distinguish between MS4s and EM residents. Conclusions: The results of this research contest the assertion that SCTs measure a single common construct. These findings raise questions about the latent constructs measured by SCTs and challenge the overall utility of SCT scores. The outcomes of the concurrent validity study provide evidence that multiple scoring methods reasonably differentiate between medical training levels. Concurrent validity was also observed when considering item difficulty and item type.

The dissertation thesis deals with the interpretation of the "beyond-the-man" concept, which is being interpreted, on one hand, as a part of the art-theoretical and art-historical European modernity of the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, on the other hand, as a theoretical and methodological starting point for an interpretation of the transformation of the human image in the painting of the second half of the 1940s until the beginning of the 1960s. The foundation for such an interpretation is an assumption of the necessary transformation of the intellectual concepts after the World War II, as it was postulated by Theodor W. Adorno and how it was researched by Giorgio Agamben and Miroslav Petříček in the political-philosophical discourse. The thesis thus researches the "beyond-the-man" concept in the theory and history of art of the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century in a way of it being as re-formulated art-creative concept after 1945, evident especially in abstract painting. The interpretation of the "beyond-the-man" concept is developed on reading of Fritz Novotny's interpretation of Paul Cézanne's art from the beginning of the 1930s. Novotny in Cézanne's painting described the concept of "beyond-the-man" (Außermenschlichkeit) as a breaking point of the...

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Given the numerous benefits of a healthy diet and exercise for cancer survivors, there has been an increase in the number of lifestyle intervention trials for this population in recent years. However, the extent to which adherence to a diet and exercise intervention predicts health-related outcomes among cancer survivors is currently unknown. To address this question, data from the Reach out to ENhancE Wellness in Older Cancer Survivors (RENEW) diet and exercise intervention trial were analyzed. RENEW was a yearlong telephone and mailed print intervention for 641 older (>65 years of age), overweight (body mass index: 25.0-39.9), long-term (>5 years post-diagnosis) survivors of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer. Participants were randomized to the diet and exercise intervention or a delayed-intervention control condition. The RENEW telephone counseling sessions were based on determinants of behavior derived from Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) (e.g., building social support, enhancing self-efficacy). These factors have been hypothesized to improve health behaviors, which in turn should improve health outcomes. Thus, drawing on SCT and prior diet and exercise research with cancer survivors, I hypothesized that telephone counseling session attendance would be indirectly related to health-related outcomes (i.e., physical function, basic and advanced lower extremity function, mental health, and body mass index) through intervention-period strength and endurance exercise and dietary behavior (i.e., fruit and vegetable intake, saturated fat intake). The proposed model showed good fit to the data; however, not all of the hypothesized relationships were supported. Specifically, increased telephone counseling session attendance was related to engagement in all of the health behaviors over the intervention period. In turn, (a) increased endurance exercise was related to improvement in all of the health-related outcomes with the exception of mental health; (b) increased strength exercise was solely related to improved mental health; (c) increased fruit and vegetable intake was only related to improved basic lower extremity function; and (d) saturated fat intake was not related to any of the health-related outcomes. Taken together, these findings suggest that SCT determinants of behavior and the importance of session attendance should continue to be emphasized in diet and exercise interventions. Continued exploration of the relationship between adherence to a diet and exercise intervention and health-related outcomes will inform the development of more cost-effective and efficacious interventions for cancer and other medical populations.