A presente tese constitui-se numa proposta de contribuição teórica para a disciplina de marketing. Defende que, existe uma Assimetria de Conhecimento entre os polos da relação de troca/transação de pacotes de bens e serviços intensivos em conhecimento, na perspectiva da “Nova Lógica Dominante” de marketing, conforme Stephen Vargo e Robert Lusch. Deriva, por analogia, esta proposição hipotética da Teoria de Assimetria de Informações, da ciência econômica. Afirma a distinção ontológica entre informação e conhecimento, como justificativa para sua proposição. Apresenta conceitos instrumentais de Conhecimento e de Assimetria de Conhecimento, para apoiar os atos epistemológicos de ruptura e construção do objeto, de acordo com Gaston Bachelard e Pierre Bourdieu. Revisa as escolas de pensamento em marketing e os principais paradigmas da pesquisa na disciplina, discutindo a utilidade da proposta teórica para a pesquisa em cada um dos principais paradigmas. Sustenta a relevância da nova teoria para estudos acadêmicos, suas implicações gerenciais e sua importância para os agentes formuladores de políticas. / This thesis constitutes a proposal for a theoretical contribution to the discipline of marketing. It argues that a Knowledge Asymmetry exists between the poles of the exchange/transaction ratio of knowledge-intensive goods and services packages, from the perspective of the "New Dominant Logic" of marketing, according to Stephen Vargo and Robert Lusch. It derives, by analogy, this hypothetical proposition of the Theory of Information Asymmetry, from economic science. It affirms the ontological distinction between information and knowledge, as justification for its proposition. It introduces key concepts of Knowledge Asymmetry, to support the epistemological acts of rupture and construction of the object, according to Gaston Bachelard and Pierre Bourdieu. It reviews the schools of thought in marketing and the main research paradigms in the discipline, discussing the usefulness of the theoretical proposal for research in each of the main paradigms. It maintains the relevance of the new theory for academic studies, its management implications and its importance for policymakers. / La presente tesis se constituye en una propuesta de contribución teórica para la disciplina de marketing. Defiende que, existe una Asimetría de Conocimiento entre los polos de la relación de intercambio/transacción de paquetes de bienes y servicios intensivos en conocimiento, en la perspectiva de la “Nueva Lógica Dominante” de marketing, conforme Stephen Vargo y Robert Lusch. Deriva, por analogía, esta proposición hipotética de la Teoría de Asimetría de Informaciones, de la ciencia económica. Afirma la distinción ontológica entre información y conocimiento, como justificativa para su proposición. Presenta conceptos instrumentales de Conocimiento y de Asimetría de Conocimiento, para apoyar los actos epistemológicos de ruptura y construcción del objeto, de acuerdo con Gaston Bachelard y Pierre Bourdieu. Revisa las escuelas de pensamiento en marketing y los principales paradigmas de la investigación en la disciplina, discutiendo la utilidad de la propuesta teórica para la investigación en cada uno de los principales paradigmas. Sustenta la relevancia de la nueva teoría para estudios académicos, sus implicaciones gerenciales y su importancia para los agentes formuladores de políticas.

A presente tese constitui-se numa proposta de contribuição teórica para a disciplina de marketing. Defende que, existe uma Assimetria de Conhecimento entre os polos da relação de troca/transação de pacotes de bens e serviços intensivos em conhecimento, na perspectiva da “Nova Lógica Dominante” de marketing, conforme Stephen Vargo e Robert Lusch. Deriva, por analogia, esta proposição hipotética da Teoria de Assimetria de Informações, da ciência econômica. Afirma a distinção ontológica entre informação e conhecimento, como justificativa para sua proposição. Apresenta conceitos instrumentais de Conhecimento e de Assimetria de Conhecimento, para apoiar os atos epistemológicos de ruptura e construção do objeto, de acordo com Gaston Bachelard e Pierre Bourdieu. Revisa as escolas de pensamento em marketing e os principais paradigmas da pesquisa na disciplina, discutindo a utilidade da proposta teórica para a pesquisa em cada um dos principais paradigmas. Sustenta a relevância da nova teoria para estudos acadêmicos, suas implicações gerenciais e sua importância para os agentes formuladores de políticas. / This thesis constitutes a proposal for a theoretical contribution to the discipline of marketing. It argues that a Knowledge Asymmetry exists between the poles of the exchange/transaction ratio of knowledge-intensive goods and services packages, from the perspective of the "New Dominant Logic" of marketing, according to Stephen Vargo and Robert Lusch. It derives, by analogy, this hypothetical proposition of the Theory of Information Asymmetry, from economic science. It affirms the ontological distinction between information and knowledge, as justification for its proposition. It introduces key concepts of Knowledge Asymmetry, to support the epistemological acts of rupture and construction of the object, according to Gaston Bachelard and Pierre Bourdieu. It reviews the schools of thought in marketing and the main research paradigms in the discipline, discussing the usefulness of the theoretical proposal for research in each of the main paradigms. It maintains the relevance of the new theory for academic studies, its management implications and its importance for policymakers. / La presente tesis se constituye en una propuesta de contribución teórica para la disciplina de marketing. Defiende que, existe una Asimetría de Conocimiento entre los polos de la relación de intercambio/transacción de paquetes de bienes y servicios intensivos en conocimiento, en la perspectiva de la “Nueva Lógica Dominante” de marketing, conforme Stephen Vargo y Robert Lusch. Deriva, por analogía, esta proposición hipotética de la Teoría de Asimetría de Informaciones, de la ciencia económica. Afirma la distinción ontológica entre información y conocimiento, como justificativa para su proposición. Presenta conceptos instrumentales de Conocimiento y de Asimetría de Conocimiento, para apoyar los actos epistemológicos de ruptura y construcción del objeto, de acuerdo con Gaston Bachelard y Pierre Bourdieu. Revisa las escuelas de pensamiento en marketing y los principales paradigmas de la investigación en la disciplina, discutiendo la utilidad de la propuesta teórica para la investigación en cada uno de los principales paradigmas. Sustenta la relevancia de la nueva teoría para estudios académicos, sus implicaciones gerenciales y su importancia para los agentes formuladores de políticas.

Orientador: Yuzo Iano / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T08:32:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caetano_DiogoGara_M.pdf: 6545832 bytes, checksum: d1bdaa84e6d542ee7380aadc0423d44b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalbo foi estudar o desempenho de codificadores de canal com decodificação iterativa e diferentes esquemas de concatenação de codificadores para sistemas de TV digital móveis tais como: DVB-H e ISDB- T. Contribui-se com uma proposta de concatenação de codificadores para sistemas COFDM avaliada através de implementação computacional. Os resultados gerados nesta pesquisa demonstram ganhos de codificação em relação a sistemas padronizados de TV digital. Estes ganhos de codificação são referentes à utilização de codificadores BCH concatenados com codificadores Turbo e LDPC. As simulações ocorreram em canais com multipercurso, distribuição Rayleigh, ruído gaussiano branco e outros canais típicos de radiodifusão utilizados no Brasil para testes de TV digital / Abstract: The aim of this work is to study the performance of channel encoders with iterative decoder: and also different encoders concatenation schemes to mobile digital television standards ;; DVB-H and ISDB-T. The contribution of this work is a proposal of encoder concatenatic scheme for COFDM systems evaluated through software implementation. The final results I this work presents overall coding gain with respect to digital TV standards. The gain presenb in this work is regarded to the concatenation of BCH encoders with Turbo and LDPC encodel The simulations were performed over multipath, Rayleigh, A WGN and typical Brazili: broadcast channels used for digital TV trials / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Experiências armazenadas acerca de regularidades passadas permitem a previsão do ambiente e, consequentemente, a possibilidade de ações antecipadas. Esta capacidade cognitiva é expressa em modelos de aprendizagem de sequências, que são capazes de acessar a previsibilidade das sequências de eventos e gerar descrições do desempenho em protocolos experimentais como a tarefa de tempo de reação serial. Nos experimentos 1, 2 e 3 deste trabalho, a abordagem informacional foi aplicada à descrição do desempenho na tarefa de tempo de reação serial. A relação entre medidas de entropia e desempenho na tarefa de tempo de reação serial envolvendo diferentes tipos de sequência foi investigada nos Experimentos 1a e 1b. As medidas de entropia foram feitas pelo processamento das frequências de eventos das sequências (i.e., pares, trios, quadras etc). Os resultados revelaram que a entropia informacional das sequências é um bom descritor do desempenho: (1) sequências de baixa entropia são realizadas mais rapidamente e são mais frequentemente reconhecidas ao final da sessão do que as de alta entropia; (2) uma curva sigmóide relaciona valores de entropia aos de tempo de reação: parâmetros \"min\" (tempo de reação com a previsão total), \"max\" (tempo de reação sem previsão) e \"x50\" (valor de entropia relacionada ao limiar de previsão); (3) o treinamento torna previsíveis sequências de alta entropia (o \"x50\" aumenta com o treinamento); e (4) com o treinamento, mais elementos prévios da sequência passam a ser utilizados para a previsão do próximo elemento. A relação entre desempenho e expectativas probabilísticas geradas durante o treinamento foi investigada no Experimento 2. Esse experimento envolveu múltiplas combinações de sequências de treino e teste, aplicadas a voluntários em sessões únicas. A diferença entre as previsibilidades das sequências de teste e treino foi quantificada pela distância de Kullback-Leibler: pequenas distâncias indicam que o treino proporciona boa previsão sobre o teste. Desconsiderando os efeitos de entropia (descrito no Experimento 1), a distância de Kullback-Leibler entre as sequências de teste e treino está relacionada ao desempenho: (1) distâncias pequenas levam à manutenção das expectativas (prévias) e tempos de reação curtos; (2) distâncias grandes levam à negligência das previsões e tempos de reação intermediários; e (3) distâncias intermediárias estão relacionadas a um conflito entre as estratégias de manutenção e negligência das expectativas, e geram tempos de reação elevados. Portanto, a flexibilidade das previsões ocorre em distâncias pequenas; uma estratégia alternativa, de negligência das previsões, é adotada em distâncias grandes. A estratégia desenvolvida nos Experimentos 1a e 1b foi útil para avaliar, no Experimento 3, a equivalência funcional entre treinamento imaginativo e real na aprendizagem de sequências. Este experimento envolveu voluntários testados na tarefa de tempo de reação serial ao longo de várias sessões de treinamento imaginativo e real. Os desempenhos durante o treinamento imaginativo e real foram descritos e comparados; o experimento mostrou também que a previsibilidade da sequência acessada por meio do treinamento imaginativo pode ser expressa posteriormente no desempenho real da tarefa. No entanto, o limite de previsibilidade das sequências acessado pelo treinamento imaginativo é inferior ao limite acessado por treinamento real, descrita pelo menor \"x50\" do (1) treinamento imaginativo em relação ao treinamento real e (2) desempenho real após o treinamento imaginativo em relação ao desempenho real após o treinamento real. Em conclusão, é possível afirmar que o modelo de entropia informacional é capaz de descrever a variabilidade do desempenho na tarefa de tempo de reação serial. Estes achados apóiam a existência de um princípio geral de acesso à previsibilidade para explicação da aprendizagem e memória. / Stored experiences of past regularities allow the prediction of the environment and, consequently, the possibility of anticipatory actions. This cognitive capacity is expressed in models of sequence learning, which are able to access the predictability of sequences of events and to generate descriptions of performance on experimental protocols as serial reaction time task. In Experiments 1, 2 and 3 of this work the informational framework was applied to the description of performance in serial reaction time task. The relationship between entropy measures and performance on serial reaction time task involving multiple sequence types was investigated on Experiments 1a and 1b. The entropy measures were done by processing the frequencies of events of the sequences (i.e. pairs, triads, quads etc). The results revealed that information entropy of the sequences is an impressively good descriptor of performance: (1) low entropy sequences were performed more rapidly and were more frequently recognized in the end of the session than the high entropy ones; (2) a sigmoid curve relates entropy to reaction time: parameters \"min\" (reaction time with total prediction), \"max\" (reaction time with no prediction) and \"x50\" (entropy value related to threshold of prediction); (3) training makes high entropy sequences predictable (the \"x50\" increases with training); and (4) with training, more previous elements of sequence are used for prediction of the next one. The relationship between performance and probabilistic expectancies generated during training was investigated on Experiment 2. This experiment involved multiple arrangements of training and testing sequences, applied to volunteers on single sessions. The difference between the predictabilities of testing and training sequences was quantified by the Kullback-Leibler divergence: small divergence indicates that training provides good prediction on testing. Disregarding the entropy effects (described on Experiment 1), Kullback-Leibler divergence between training and testing sequences is related to performance: (1) short divergences lead to (previous) predictions maintenance and low reaction times; (2) large divergences lead to predictions negligence and intermediate reaction times; and (3) intermediate divergences are related to conflict between the strategies of maintenance and negligence of predictions, and generate high reaction times. Therefore, the flexibility of predictions occurs on short divergences; an alternative strategy, of predictions negligence, is adopted on large divergences. The strategy developed on Experiments 1a and 1b was useful to evaluate, on Experiment 3, the functional equivalence between imagery and actual training on sequence learning. This experiment involved volunteers tested on serial reaction time task along multiple imagery and actual training sessions. Performances on both imagery and actual training were described and compared; the experiment also showed that the sequence predictability accessed on imagery training can be expressed on posterior actual performance. However, the limit of sequence predictability accessed by imagery training is lower than the limit accessed by actual training, described by the lower \"x50\" of (1) imagery training compared to actual training and (2) actual performance after imagery training compared to actual performance after actual training. In conclusion, it is possible to state that the entropy model is able to describe the variability of performance on serial reaction time task. These findings support the existence of a general principle of accessing the predictability to explain learning and memory.

The objective of the thesis is to characterize the importance of information and consequently also of knowledge as the bases for active dealing in the stock market. The fundamental terms of information credibility, disinformation and information asymmetry, which have a cardinal effect on behaviour of particular participants of the market, are mentioned in the thesis. The theory of effective markets and the factors due to which it is not able to explain the development and the real state of the contemporary stock markets, are analysed in more detail in the thesis. A considerable part of the thesis is devoted to the analysis and the definition of information need as a basic requirement for making successful investment decisions of an individual, whereas ways to its fulfilment are implied -- including a description and a division of available information sources. The description and the analysis of several dealing strategies which are directly based on usage of various kinds of information are not missing in the thesis. A part of the work is a presentation and an analysis of the results of a research made among real investors.

La présente recherche a eu pour ambition de comprendre les modalités de fonctionnement théorique du lettrisme au travers d'une étude précise du substrat intellectuel d'Isidore Isou entre 1945 et 1968. L’activité artistique et intellectuelle d’Isou s’inscrit complètement dans le contexte ces années. Mais au moment important d’une reconsidération et d’une remise en question des valeurs universalistes occidentales, le lettriste montre une filiation intellectuelle claire avec celles-ci. Le but d’Isou est clairement de mettre au jour des lois d’analyse et de fonctionnement universelles, tant en ce qui concerne les choses de l’art que de chaque domaine de la connaissance, lois de fonctionnement issus d’une lecture téléologique et évolutionniste de l’ « Histoire », permettant la mise au point de critères, notamment formels, de la nouveauté. Dans le champ global des avant-gardes de l’après-Seconde-Guerre, il est un restaurateur d’un certain type de valeurs et de certaines traditions qui ont forgé la culture de l’humanisme occidental. Mais tout en étant dans la prolongation des « traditions », il est connecté aux problématiques de son temps. Celle de la communication, nouvelle utopie du XXème siècle, créée dans les laboratoires américains pendant la Seconde-Guerre mondiale. Celle de la sécrétion d’une esthétique permutationnelle comme a pu l’imaginer Abraham Moles dans sa théorie de l’information. D’une esthétique du signe et davantage du signe linguistique auquel était fondamentalement attaché Roland Barthes. L’hypergraphie est elle-même connectée aux recherches contemporaines sur le langage, sur la sémiotique, en tant que nouvelle grande utopie de la communication intégrale. / This research had the ambition to understand the theoretical operating procedures of lettrism through a precise study of the intellectual substrate of Isidore Isou between 1945 and 1968. The artistic and intellectual activity of Isou fits completely in the context of these years. But in an important moment of reconsideration and a questioning of Western universalist values, Lettrist shows a clear intellectual affiliation with them. The aim is clearly for Isou to uncover universal analytical and operational laws, both in terms of art things that every field of knowledge, laws of operation from a teleological reading and evolutionist "History", allowing the development of criteria including formal, novelty. In the overall field of the vanguards of the post-Second-war, it is a restauration of some kind of values and some traditions that have shaped the culture of Western humanism. But while being in the extension of "traditions", Isou is connected to the problems of his time. That of communication, new utopia of the twentieth century, created in the US laboratories during the Second World War. This secretion of an aesthetic permutational as could imagine Abraham Moles in his theory of information. In a further sign and aesthetics of the linguistic sign which was basically tied Roland Barthes. The hypergraphie is itself connected to contemporary language research on semiotics, as a new great utopia of integral communication.

Thesis deal with information literacy as a new phenomenon in education. In the first part define what information is about and how communication proceed. In the next part of the text follow this thesis information and disinformation problems, define what are new media and what are thein specificity. In the next part follow this thesis information literacy, define its single components and their substantiality, deal with its contributions, which result from achievement as for single person as for society as whole. Further is the substanciality of separated parts of information literacy, divided into three levels of information literacy, which answer to three levels of education. Consequently is this achivement analysed and compared with defined levels of information literacy. On the basis of this comparation the recommendations which may lead to improvement of achiving information literacy are defined.

La communication affective est au cœur de nos interactions interpersonnelles. Nous communiquons les émotions à travers de multiples canaux non verbaux. Plusieurs travaux de recherche sur l’interaction homme-machine ont exploité ces modalités de communication afin de concevoir des systèmes permettant de reconnaître et d’afficher automatiquement des signaux affectifs. Le toucher est la modalité la moins explorée dans ce domaine de recherche. L’aspect intrusif des interfaces haptiques actuelles est l’un des principaux obstacles à leur utilisation dans la communication affective médiée. En effet, l’utilisateur est physiquement connecté à des systèmes mécaniques pour recevoir la stimulation. Cette configuration altère la transparence de l’interaction médiée et empêche la perception de certaines dimensions affectives comme la valence. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer et d’étudier une technique de stimulation tactile sans contact avec des systèmes mécaniques pour médier des signaux d’affects. Sur la base de l’état de l’art des interfaces haptiques, nous avons proposé une stratégie de stimulation tactile basée sur l’utilisation d’un jet d’air mobile. Cette technique permet de fournir une stimulation tactile non-intrusive sur des zones différentes du corps. De plus, ce dispositif tactile permettrait une stimulation efficace de certains mécanorécepteurs qui jouent un rôle important dans les perceptions d’affects positifs. Nous avons conduit une étude expérimentale pour comprendre les relations entre les caractéristiques physiques de la stimulation tactile par jet d’air et la perception affective des utilisateurs. Les résultats mettent en évidence les effets principaux de l'intensité et de la vitesse du mouvement du jet d’air sur l’évaluation subjective mesurée dans l’espace affectif (à savoir, la valence, l'arousal et de la dominance).La communication des émotions est clairement multimodale. Nous utilisons le toucher conjointement avec d’autres modalités afin de communiquer les différents messages affectifs. C’est dans ce sens que nous avons conduit deux études expérimentales pour examiner la combinaison de la stimulation tactile par jet d’air avec les expressions faciales et vocales pour la perception de la valence. Ces expérimentations ont été conduites dans un cadre théorique et expérimental appelé théorie de l’intégration de l’information. Ce cadre permet de modéliser l’intégration de l’information issue de plusieurs sources en employant une algèbre cognitive. Les résultats de nos travaux suggèrent que la stimulation tactile par jet d’air peut être utilisée pour transmettre des signaux affectifs dans le cadre des interactions homme-machine. Les modèles perceptifs d’intégration bimodales peuvent être exploités pour construire des modèles computationnels permettant d’afficher des affects en combinant la stimulation tactile aux expressions faciales ou à la voix. / Affective communication plays a major role in our interpersonal interactions. We communicate emotions through multiple non-verbal channels. Researches on human-computer interaction have exploited these communication channels in order to design systems that automatically recognize and display emotional signals. Touch has receivers less interest then other non-verbal modalities in this area of research. The intrusive aspect of current haptic interfaces is one of the main obstacles to their use in mediated emotional communication. In fact, the user is must physically connected to mechanical systems to receive the stimulation. This configuration affects the transparency of the mediated interaction and limits the perception of certain emotional dimensions as the Valence. The objective of this thesis is to propose and study a technique for tactile stimulation. This technique does not require contact with mechanical systems to transmit affective signals. On the basis of the state of the art of haptic interfaces, we proposed a strategy of tactile stimulation based on the use of a mobile air jet. This technique provides a non-intrusive tactile stimulation on different areas of the body. In addition, this tactile device would allow effective stimulation of some mechanoreceptors that play an important role in perceptions of positive affect. We conducted an experimental study to understand the relationships between the physical characteristics of tactile stimulation by air jet and the emotional perception of the users. The results highlight the main effects of the intensity and the velocity of movement of the air stream on the subjective evaluation measured in space affective (namely, Valence, Arousal and Dominance).The communication of emotions is clearly multi-modal. We use touch jointly with other modalities to communicate different emotional messages. We conducted two experimental studies to examine the combination of air jet tactile stimulation with facial and vocal expressions for perception of the valence. These experiments were conducted in a theoretical and experimental framework called integration of information theory. This framework allows modelling the integration of information from multiple sources using a cognitive algebra. Our work suggests that tactile stimulation by air jet can be used to transmit emotional signals in the context of the human-machine interactions. Perceptual bimodal integration models can be exploited to build computational models to display affects by combining tactile stimulation to facial expressions or the voice.

In the first part of this thesis, we generalize a coding theorem and a converse of Kadota and Wyner (1972) to abstract channels with time structure. As a main contribution we prove the coding theorem for a significantly weaker condition on the channel output memory, called total ergodicity for block-i.i.d. inputs. We achieve this result mainly by introducing an alternative characterization of information rate capacity. We show that the ψ-mixing condition (asymptotic output-memorylessness), used by Kadota and Wyner, is quite restrictive, in particular for the important class of Gaussian channels. In fact, we prove that for Gaussian channels the ψ-mixing condition is equivalent to finite output memory. Moreover, we derive a weak converse for all stationary channels with time structure. Intersymbol interference as well as input constraints are taken into account in a flexible way. Due to the direct use of outer measures and a derivation of an adequate version of Feinstein’s lemma we are able to avoid the standard extension of the channel input σ-algebra and obtain a more transparent derivation. We aim at a presentation from an operational perspective and consider an abstract framework, which enables us to treat discrete- and continuous-time channels in a unified way. In the second part, we systematically analyze infinite output memory conditions for abstract channels with time structure. We exploit the connections to the rich field of strongly mixing random processes to derive a hierarchy for the nonequivalent infinite channel output memory conditions in terms of a sequence of implications. The ergodic-theoretic memory condition used in the proof of the coding theorem and the ψ-mixing condition employed by Kadota and Wyner (1972) are shown to be part of this taxonomy. In addition, we specify conditions for the channel under which memory properties of a random process are invariant when the process is passed through the channel. In the last part, we investigate cascade and integration channels with regard to mixing conditions as well as properties required in the context of the coding theorem. The results are useful to study many physically relevant channel models and allow a component-based analysis of the overall channel. We consider a number of examples including composed models and deterministic as well as random filter channels. Finally, an application of strong mixing conditions from statistical signal processing involving the Fourier transform of stationary random sequences is discussed and a list of further applications is given. / Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird ein Kodierungstheorem und ein dazugehöriges Umkehrtheorem von Kadota und Wyner (1972) für abstrakte Kanäle mit Zeitstruktur verallgemeinert. Als wesentlichster Beitrag wird das Kodierungstheorem für eine signifikant schwächere Bedingung an das Kanalausgangsgedächtnis bewiesen, die sogenannte totale Ergodizität für block-i.i.d. Eingaben. Dieses Ergebnis wird hauptsächlich durch eine alternative Charakterisierung der Informationsratenkapazität erreicht. Es wird gezeigt, dass die von Kadota und Wyner verwendete ψ-Mischungsbedingung (asymptotische Gedächtnislosigkeit am Kanalausgang) recht einschränkend ist, insbesondere für die wichtige Klasse der Gaußkanäle. In der Tat, für Gaußkanäle wird bewiesen, dass die ψ-Mischungsbedingung äquivalent zu endlichem Gedächtnis am Kanalausgang ist. Darüber hinaus wird eine schwache Umkehrung für alle stationären Kanäle mit Zeitstruktur bewiesen. Sowohl Intersymbolinterferenz als auch Eingabebeschränkungen werden in allgemeiner und flexibler Form berücksichtigt. Aufgrund der direkten Verwendung von äußeren Maßen und der Herleitung einer angepassten Version von Feinsteins Lemma ist es möglich, auf die Standarderweiterung der σ-Algebra am Kanaleingang zu verzichten, wodurch die Darstellungen transparenter und einfacher werden. Angestrebt wird eine operationelle Perspektive. Die Verwendung eines abstrakten Modells erlaubt dabei die einheitliche Betrachtung von zeitdiskreten und zeitstetigen Kanälen. Für abstrakte Kanäle mit Zeitstruktur werden im zweiten Teil der Arbeit Bedingungen für ein unendliches Gedächtnis am Kanalausgang systematisch analysiert. Unter Ausnutzung der Zusammenhänge zu dem umfassenden Gebiet der stark mischenden zufälligen Prozesse wird eine Hierarchie in Form einer Folge von Implikationen zwischen den verschiedenen Gedächtnisvarianten hergeleitet. Die im Beweis des Kodierungstheorems verwendete ergodentheoretische Gedächtniseigenschaft und die ψ-Mischungsbedingung von Kadota und Wyner (1972) sind dabei Bestandteil der hergeleiteten Systematik. Weiterhin werden Bedingungen für den Kanal spezifiziert, unter denen Eigenschaften von zufälligen Prozessen am Kanaleingang bei einer Transformation durch den Kanal erhalten bleiben. Im letzten Teil der Arbeit werden sowohl Integrationskanäle als auch Hintereinanderschaltungen von Kanälen in Bezug auf Mischungsbedingungen sowie weitere für das Kodierungstheorem relevante Kanaleigenschaften analysiert. Die erzielten Ergebnisse sind nützlich bei der Untersuchung vieler physikalisch relevanter Kanalmodelle und erlauben eine komponentenbasierte Betrachtung zusammengesetzter Kanäle. Es wird eine Reihe von Beispielen untersucht, einschließlich deterministischer Kanäle, zufälliger Filter und daraus zusammengesetzter Modelle. Abschließend werden Anwendungen aus weiteren Gebieten, beispielsweise der statistischen Signalverarbeitung, diskutiert. Insbesondere die Fourier-Transformation stationärer zufälliger Prozesse wird im Zusammenhang mit starken Mischungsbedingungen betrachtet.

This thesis investigates the extension of the well-known canonical correlation analysis for random elements on abstract real measurable Hilbert spaces. One focus is on the application of this extension to the calculation of information-theoretical quantities on finite time intervals. Analytical approaches for the calculation of the mutual information and the information density between Gaussian distributed random elements on arbitrary real measurable Hilbert spaces are derived. With respect to mutual information, the results obtained are comparable to [4] and [1] (Baker, 1970, 1978). They can also be seen as a generalization of earlier findings in [20] (Gelfand and Yaglom, 1958). In addition, some of the derived equations for calculating the information density, its characteristic function and its n-th central moments extend results from [45] and [44] (Pinsker, 1963, 1964). Furthermore, explicit examples for the calculation of the mutual information, the characteristic function of the information density as well as the n-th central moments of the information density for the important special case of an additive Gaussian channel with Gaussian distributed input signal with rational spectral density are elaborated, on the one hand for white Gaussian noise and on the other hand for Gaussian noise with rational spectral density. These results extend the corresponding concrete examples for the calculation of the mutual information from [20] (Gelfand and Yaglom, 1958) as well as [28] and [29] (Huang and Johnson, 1963, 1962).:Kurzfassung Abstract Notations Abbreviations 1 Introduction 1.1 Software Used 2 Mathematical Background 2.1 Basic Notions of Measure and Probability Theory 2.1.1 Characteristic Functions 2.2 Stochastic Processes 2.2.1 The Consistency Theorem of Daniell and Kolmogorov 2.2.2 Second Order Random Processes 2.3 Some Properties of Fourier Transforms 2.4 Some Basic Inequalities 2.5 Some Fundamentals in Functional Analysis 2.5.1 Hilbert Spaces 2.5.2 Linear Operators on Hilbert Spaces 2.5.3 The Fréchet-Riesz Representation Theorem 2.5.4 Adjoint and Compact Operators 2.5.5 The Spectral Theorem for Compact Operators 3 Mutual Information and Information Density 3.1 Mutual Information 3.2 Information Density 4 Probability Measures on Hilbert Spaces 4.1 Measurable Hilbert Spaces 4.2 The Characteristic Functional 4.3 Mean Value and Covariance Operator 4.4 Gaussian Probability Measures on Hilbert Spaces 4.5 The Product of Two Measurable Hilbert Spaces 4.5.1 The Product Measure 4.5.2 Cross-Covariance Operator 5 Canonical Correlation Analysis on Hilbert Spaces 5.1 The Hellinger Distance and the Theorem of Kakutani 5.2 Canonical Correlation Analysis on Hilbert Spaces 5.3 The Theorem of Hájek and Feldman 6 Mutual Information and Information Density Between Gaussian Measures 6.1 A General Formula for Mutual Information and Information Density for Gaussian Random Elements 6.2 Hadamard’s Factorization Theorem 6.3 Closed Form Expressions for Mutual Information and Related Quantities 6.4 The Discrete-Time Case 6.5 The Continuous-Time Case 6.6 Approximation Error 7 Additive Gaussian Channels 7.1 Abstract Channel Model and General Definitions 7.2 Explicit Expressions for Mutual Information and Related Quantities 7.2.1 Gaussian Random Elements as Input to an Additive Gaussian Channel 8 Continuous-Time Gaussian Channels 8.1 White Gaussian Channels 8.1.1 Two Simple Examples 8.1.2 Gaussian Input with Rational Spectral Density 8.1.3 A Method of Youla, Kadota and Slepian 8.2 Noise and Input Signal with Rational Spectral Density 8.2.1 Again a Method by Slepian and Kadota Bibliography / Diese Arbeit untersucht die Erweiterung der bekannten kanonischen Korrelationsanalyse (canonical correlation analysis) für Zufallselemente auf abstrakten reellen messbaren Hilberträumen. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der Anwendung dieser Erweiterung zur Berechnung informationstheoretischer Größen auf endlichen Zeitintervallen. Analytische Ansätze für die Berechnung der Transinformation und der Informationsdichte zwischen gaußverteilten Zufallselementen auf beliebigen reelen messbaren Hilberträumen werden hergeleitet. Bezüglich der Transinformation sind die gewonnenen Resultate vergleichbar zu [4] und [1] (Baker, 1970, 1978). Sie können auch als Verallgemeinerung früherer Erkenntnisse aus [20] (Gelfand und Yaglom, 1958) aufgefasst werden. Zusätzlich erweitern einige der hergeleiteten Formeln zur Berechnung der Informationsdichte, ihrer charakteristischen Funktion und ihrer n-ten zentralen Momente Ergebnisse aus [45] und [44] (Pinsker, 1963, 1964). Weiterhin werden explizite Beispiele für die Berechnung der Transinformation, der charakteristischen Funktion der Informationsdichte sowie der n-ten zentralen Momente der Informationsdichte für den wichtigen Spezialfall eines additiven Gaußkanals mit gaußverteiltem Eingangssignal mit rationaler Spektraldichte erarbeitet, einerseits für gaußsches weißes Rauschen und andererseits für gaußsches Rauschen mit einer rationalen Spektraldichte. Diese Ergebnisse erweitern die entsprechenden konkreten Beispiele zur Berechnung der Transinformation aus [20] (Gelfand und Yaglom, 1958) sowie [28] und [29] (Huang und Johnson, 1963, 1962).:Kurzfassung Abstract Notations Abbreviations 1 Introduction 1.1 Software Used 2 Mathematical Background 2.1 Basic Notions of Measure and Probability Theory 2.1.1 Characteristic Functions 2.2 Stochastic Processes 2.2.1 The Consistency Theorem of Daniell and Kolmogorov 2.2.2 Second Order Random Processes 2.3 Some Properties of Fourier Transforms 2.4 Some Basic Inequalities 2.5 Some Fundamentals in Functional Analysis 2.5.1 Hilbert Spaces 2.5.2 Linear Operators on Hilbert Spaces 2.5.3 The Fréchet-Riesz Representation Theorem 2.5.4 Adjoint and Compact Operators 2.5.5 The Spectral Theorem for Compact Operators 3 Mutual Information and Information Density 3.1 Mutual Information 3.2 Information Density 4 Probability Measures on Hilbert Spaces 4.1 Measurable Hilbert Spaces 4.2 The Characteristic Functional 4.3 Mean Value and Covariance Operator 4.4 Gaussian Probability Measures on Hilbert Spaces 4.5 The Product of Two Measurable Hilbert Spaces 4.5.1 The Product Measure 4.5.2 Cross-Covariance Operator 5 Canonical Correlation Analysis on Hilbert Spaces 5.1 The Hellinger Distance and the Theorem of Kakutani 5.2 Canonical Correlation Analysis on Hilbert Spaces 5.3 The Theorem of Hájek and Feldman 6 Mutual Information and Information Density Between Gaussian Measures 6.1 A General Formula for Mutual Information and Information Density for Gaussian Random Elements 6.2 Hadamard’s Factorization Theorem 6.3 Closed Form Expressions for Mutual Information and Related Quantities 6.4 The Discrete-Time Case 6.5 The Continuous-Time Case 6.6 Approximation Error 7 Additive Gaussian Channels 7.1 Abstract Channel Model and General Definitions 7.2 Explicit Expressions for Mutual Information and Related Quantities 7.2.1 Gaussian Random Elements as Input to an Additive Gaussian Channel 8 Continuous-Time Gaussian Channels 8.1 White Gaussian Channels 8.1.1 Two Simple Examples 8.1.2 Gaussian Input with Rational Spectral Density 8.1.3 A Method of Youla, Kadota and Slepian 8.2 Noise and Input Signal with Rational Spectral Density 8.2.1 Again a Method by Slepian and Kadota Bibliography