The thesis deals with car cabin environment and thermal comfort inside. A car cabin heat load model was developed in Dymola/Modelica to investigate influence of ambient environmental parameters. The model was validated on the data set of eight test cases measured in a climatic chamber and in a real traffic. The main objective of the thesis was to develop a human thermal comfort model suitable for non-homogenous environments and for a car cabin environment especially. The Coupled model of human physiology and thermal comfort was developed in Dymola/Modelica. The model allows predicting an overall human thermal comfort from local boundary conditions representing ambient and personal factors. The model was validated by 16 test cases taken from experiments in literature. Moreover three test cases were created in Theseus-FE to consider an asymmetrical heat load from Sun rays inside a car cabin. Prediction of the Coupled model was compared with Fiala model and experimental data. The Coupled model predicted mean skin temperature for moderate activities in neutral and warm environment well. In cold environment a predicted core temperature was very affected by ambient temperature and during high activity exercises, the predicted mean skin temperature was too high.

Die vorliegend Arbeit beinhaltet die Analyse des thermischen Empfinden in offenen Räumen, in der Stadt Torres, RS, durch den Vergleich von Daten, die mit der Anwendung spezifischer Werkzeuge über das Umwelt Verhalten gewonnen wurden. Die Wahl dieser Stadt als Gegenstand der Studie, basiert auf dem zunehmenden Prozeß von Verdichtung und Vertikalisierung seines zentralen Bereiches, im Verlauf der zeitlichen Anwendung der städtebaulich Gesetzgebung. Die Bereiche, die für Analyse ausgewählt wurden, sind drei Plätze, mit unterschiedlichen morphologischen Konfigurationen, wie Höhe und Dichte der Bebauung, die Ausführung der Gebäudeoberflächen und die Vegetation. Die praktische Vorortarbeit wurde im Februar 2006 durchgeführt, mit Bestandsaufnahmen, Messungen der Umweltfaktoren, Ausfüllen der Fragebögen und Beobachtung des Verhaltens. Die Daten über die Umwelt und das menschliche Verhalten wurden verwendet, um den Index des thermischen Komforts zu berechnen. Diese Daten wurden verglichen mit den Daten, die aus den Befragungen der Personen erhalten wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die berechneten Indizes nutzbar sind, um den thermischen Komfort von offenen Räumen einzuschätzen. Im Falle von der drei untersuchten Plätze ergab sich ein schlechter Komfort, der auf den Veränderungen der städtischen Bebauung beruht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen auch eine Diskrepanz zwischen den berechneten Indizes und dem Empfinden der Nutzer über die untersuchten Plätze. Es zeigt sich, dass das Mikroklima einen Einfluss auf den thermischen Komfort hat, aber dass auch Faktoren wie physische Anpassung und psychische Zustände wichtig für die unterschiedliche Bewertung des objektiven und subjektiven Komfort sind. / O presente trabalho trata da avaliação de conforto térmico de espaços públicos abertos, na cidade de Torres, RS, através da comparação de índices de conforto térmico com resultados advindos do uso de ferramentas específicas da área ambiente-comportamento. A escolha de Torres, como um estudo de caso, se dá em função do crescente processo de verticalização e densificação de sua área central, decorrentes da aplicação dos dispositivos legais das sucessivas legislações urbanísticas. As áreas escolhidas para análise são três praças, em zonas com diferentes configurações morfológicas, selecionadas em função de variáveis da forma urbana, como a altura e a densidade das edificações, a natureza das superfícies de revestimento e a presença de vegetação. Durante o mês de fevereiro de 2006 foi realizado trabalho de campo, nos três locais, através da aplicação de questionários, observações de comportamento e levantamentos físicos, incluindo medições de variáveis ambientais. Os dados sobre variáveis ambientais e humanas, coletados, foram utilizados para o cálculo dos índices de conforto térmico para espaços externos. Os valores calculados para estes índices, foram comparados com os dados provenientes da percepção dos usuários. Os resultados mostram a adequação de determinados índices para a avaliação de conforto térmico de espaços abertos, revelando condições de desconforto nas três praças investigadas, decorrentes das modificações da forma urbana nestas áreas. Os resultados também apontam uma discrepância entre os parâmetros indicados pelos índices e os níveis de agradabilidade e percepção dos usuários, em relação às praças. Observou-se que os parâmetros do microclima possuem alguma influência no conforto térmico, mas fatores de adaptação fisiológica e psicológica podem ser responsáveis pelas diferenças entre a avaliação de conforto objetiva e a subjetiva. / The present work deals with the evaluation of thermal comfort of open public spaces, in the city of Torres, RS, through the comparison of thermal comfort indices with results obtained from the use of specific methods from the environmental behavior area of studies. The choice of Torres, as a case study, is due to the increasing process of verticalization and densification of its central area, originated from the application of successive urban legislation. The areas chosen for analysis are three squares, in zones with different morphologic configurations, selected according to urban form variables such as building height and density, nature of the covering surfaces and the presence of vegetation. During February 2006, the fieldwork was carried out in the three places, through questionnaires, behavior observations, and physical measurements, including measurements of environmental variables. Data about environmental and human variables were used to calculate thermal comfort indices for outdoor spaces. These indices were compared with the data from users perceptions. The results show the adequacy of some indices for the evaluation of thermal comfort of open spaces, revealing conditions of thermal discomfort in the three investigated squares, as a consequence of urban form modifications in these areas. The results also reveal a discrepancy between the parameters indicated by the indices and the levels of users perception and pleasantness in relation to the squares. It is observed that the microclimate parameters have some influence on thermal comfort, but that the psychological and the physiological adaptation factors can be responsible for the differences between the objective evaluation of comfort and the subjective one.

Die vorliegend Arbeit beinhaltet die Analyse des thermischen Empfinden in offenen Räumen, in der Stadt Torres, RS, durch den Vergleich von Daten, die mit der Anwendung spezifischer Werkzeuge über das Umwelt Verhalten gewonnen wurden. Die Wahl dieser Stadt als Gegenstand der Studie, basiert auf dem zunehmenden Prozeß von Verdichtung und Vertikalisierung seines zentralen Bereiches, im Verlauf der zeitlichen Anwendung der städtebaulich Gesetzgebung. Die Bereiche, die für Analyse ausgewählt wurden, sind drei Plätze, mit unterschiedlichen morphologischen Konfigurationen, wie Höhe und Dichte der Bebauung, die Ausführung der Gebäudeoberflächen und die Vegetation. Die praktische Vorortarbeit wurde im Februar 2006 durchgeführt, mit Bestandsaufnahmen, Messungen der Umweltfaktoren, Ausfüllen der Fragebögen und Beobachtung des Verhaltens. Die Daten über die Umwelt und das menschliche Verhalten wurden verwendet, um den Index des thermischen Komforts zu berechnen. Diese Daten wurden verglichen mit den Daten, die aus den Befragungen der Personen erhalten wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die berechneten Indizes nutzbar sind, um den thermischen Komfort von offenen Räumen einzuschätzen. Im Falle von der drei untersuchten Plätze ergab sich ein schlechter Komfort, der auf den Veränderungen der städtischen Bebauung beruht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen auch eine Diskrepanz zwischen den berechneten Indizes und dem Empfinden der Nutzer über die untersuchten Plätze. Es zeigt sich, dass das Mikroklima einen Einfluss auf den thermischen Komfort hat, aber dass auch Faktoren wie physische Anpassung und psychische Zustände wichtig für die unterschiedliche Bewertung des objektiven und subjektiven Komfort sind. / O presente trabalho trata da avaliação de conforto térmico de espaços públicos abertos, na cidade de Torres, RS, através da comparação de índices de conforto térmico com resultados advindos do uso de ferramentas específicas da área ambiente-comportamento. A escolha de Torres, como um estudo de caso, se dá em função do crescente processo de verticalização e densificação de sua área central, decorrentes da aplicação dos dispositivos legais das sucessivas legislações urbanísticas. As áreas escolhidas para análise são três praças, em zonas com diferentes configurações morfológicas, selecionadas em função de variáveis da forma urbana, como a altura e a densidade das edificações, a natureza das superfícies de revestimento e a presença de vegetação. Durante o mês de fevereiro de 2006 foi realizado trabalho de campo, nos três locais, através da aplicação de questionários, observações de comportamento e levantamentos físicos, incluindo medições de variáveis ambientais. Os dados sobre variáveis ambientais e humanas, coletados, foram utilizados para o cálculo dos índices de conforto térmico para espaços externos. Os valores calculados para estes índices, foram comparados com os dados provenientes da percepção dos usuários. Os resultados mostram a adequação de determinados índices para a avaliação de conforto térmico de espaços abertos, revelando condições de desconforto nas três praças investigadas, decorrentes das modificações da forma urbana nestas áreas. Os resultados também apontam uma discrepância entre os parâmetros indicados pelos índices e os níveis de agradabilidade e percepção dos usuários, em relação às praças. Observou-se que os parâmetros do microclima possuem alguma influência no conforto térmico, mas fatores de adaptação fisiológica e psicológica podem ser responsáveis pelas diferenças entre a avaliação de conforto objetiva e a subjetiva. / The present work deals with the evaluation of thermal comfort of open public spaces, in the city of Torres, RS, through the comparison of thermal comfort indices with results obtained from the use of specific methods from the environmental behavior area of studies. The choice of Torres, as a case study, is due to the increasing process of verticalization and densification of its central area, originated from the application of successive urban legislation. The areas chosen for analysis are three squares, in zones with different morphologic configurations, selected according to urban form variables such as building height and density, nature of the covering surfaces and the presence of vegetation. During February 2006, the fieldwork was carried out in the three places, through questionnaires, behavior observations, and physical measurements, including measurements of environmental variables. Data about environmental and human variables were used to calculate thermal comfort indices for outdoor spaces. These indices were compared with the data from users perceptions. The results show the adequacy of some indices for the evaluation of thermal comfort of open spaces, revealing conditions of thermal discomfort in the three investigated squares, as a consequence of urban form modifications in these areas. The results also reveal a discrepancy between the parameters indicated by the indices and the levels of users perception and pleasantness in relation to the squares. It is observed that the microclimate parameters have some influence on thermal comfort, but that the psychological and the physiological adaptation factors can be responsible for the differences between the objective evaluation of comfort and the subjective one.

Die vorliegend Arbeit beinhaltet die Analyse des thermischen Empfinden in offenen Räumen, in der Stadt Torres, RS, durch den Vergleich von Daten, die mit der Anwendung spezifischer Werkzeuge über das Umwelt Verhalten gewonnen wurden. Die Wahl dieser Stadt als Gegenstand der Studie, basiert auf dem zunehmenden Prozeß von Verdichtung und Vertikalisierung seines zentralen Bereiches, im Verlauf der zeitlichen Anwendung der städtebaulich Gesetzgebung. Die Bereiche, die für Analyse ausgewählt wurden, sind drei Plätze, mit unterschiedlichen morphologischen Konfigurationen, wie Höhe und Dichte der Bebauung, die Ausführung der Gebäudeoberflächen und die Vegetation. Die praktische Vorortarbeit wurde im Februar 2006 durchgeführt, mit Bestandsaufnahmen, Messungen der Umweltfaktoren, Ausfüllen der Fragebögen und Beobachtung des Verhaltens. Die Daten über die Umwelt und das menschliche Verhalten wurden verwendet, um den Index des thermischen Komforts zu berechnen. Diese Daten wurden verglichen mit den Daten, die aus den Befragungen der Personen erhalten wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die berechneten Indizes nutzbar sind, um den thermischen Komfort von offenen Räumen einzuschätzen. Im Falle von der drei untersuchten Plätze ergab sich ein schlechter Komfort, der auf den Veränderungen der städtischen Bebauung beruht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen auch eine Diskrepanz zwischen den berechneten Indizes und dem Empfinden der Nutzer über die untersuchten Plätze. Es zeigt sich, dass das Mikroklima einen Einfluss auf den thermischen Komfort hat, aber dass auch Faktoren wie physische Anpassung und psychische Zustände wichtig für die unterschiedliche Bewertung des objektiven und subjektiven Komfort sind. / O presente trabalho trata da avaliação de conforto térmico de espaços públicos abertos, na cidade de Torres, RS, através da comparação de índices de conforto térmico com resultados advindos do uso de ferramentas específicas da área ambiente-comportamento. A escolha de Torres, como um estudo de caso, se dá em função do crescente processo de verticalização e densificação de sua área central, decorrentes da aplicação dos dispositivos legais das sucessivas legislações urbanísticas. As áreas escolhidas para análise são três praças, em zonas com diferentes configurações morfológicas, selecionadas em função de variáveis da forma urbana, como a altura e a densidade das edificações, a natureza das superfícies de revestimento e a presença de vegetação. Durante o mês de fevereiro de 2006 foi realizado trabalho de campo, nos três locais, através da aplicação de questionários, observações de comportamento e levantamentos físicos, incluindo medições de variáveis ambientais. Os dados sobre variáveis ambientais e humanas, coletados, foram utilizados para o cálculo dos índices de conforto térmico para espaços externos. Os valores calculados para estes índices, foram comparados com os dados provenientes da percepção dos usuários. Os resultados mostram a adequação de determinados índices para a avaliação de conforto térmico de espaços abertos, revelando condições de desconforto nas três praças investigadas, decorrentes das modificações da forma urbana nestas áreas. Os resultados também apontam uma discrepância entre os parâmetros indicados pelos índices e os níveis de agradabilidade e percepção dos usuários, em relação às praças. Observou-se que os parâmetros do microclima possuem alguma influência no conforto térmico, mas fatores de adaptação fisiológica e psicológica podem ser responsáveis pelas diferenças entre a avaliação de conforto objetiva e a subjetiva. / The present work deals with the evaluation of thermal comfort of open public spaces, in the city of Torres, RS, through the comparison of thermal comfort indices with results obtained from the use of specific methods from the environmental behavior area of studies. The choice of Torres, as a case study, is due to the increasing process of verticalization and densification of its central area, originated from the application of successive urban legislation. The areas chosen for analysis are three squares, in zones with different morphologic configurations, selected according to urban form variables such as building height and density, nature of the covering surfaces and the presence of vegetation. During February 2006, the fieldwork was carried out in the three places, through questionnaires, behavior observations, and physical measurements, including measurements of environmental variables. Data about environmental and human variables were used to calculate thermal comfort indices for outdoor spaces. These indices were compared with the data from users perceptions. The results show the adequacy of some indices for the evaluation of thermal comfort of open spaces, revealing conditions of thermal discomfort in the three investigated squares, as a consequence of urban form modifications in these areas. The results also reveal a discrepancy between the parameters indicated by the indices and the levels of users perception and pleasantness in relation to the squares. It is observed that the microclimate parameters have some influence on thermal comfort, but that the psychological and the physiological adaptation factors can be responsible for the differences between the objective evaluation of comfort and the subjective one.

The thesis deals with design and optimization of environment in cabins of small transport aircrafts, especially in terms of thermal comfort and quality of ventilation. The design of air distribution systems and structural design were optimized and most important parts of cabin design with highest impact on the quality of thermal comfort and ventilation were identified based on literature research and experience of the author. The chosen modifications and their influence on the microclimate inside the cabin were investigated using the CFD model, which was validated by results obtained from measurements of flow and temperature fields in the cabin mock-up of small transport aircraft EV-55. Next optimizations were investigated: The type of air distribution system, The geometry of ducts of air distribution system, Thickness of thermal insulation and Emissivity of internal surfaces. Thermal comfort was assessed based on the methodology of the equivalent temperature and comfort zones diagram developed by H. O. Nilsson and for assessing the quality of ventilation the concept of based on index of the age of the air was used. Fifty cases were simulated in total and base of its results Modified mixing ventilation with original air ducts geometry have been evaluated as an optimum. The ducts geometry of Modified mixing ventilation system was suggested by author specially for the thesis. In combination with high thermal insulation of walls and high emissivity of the interior, then this system of ventilation ensures maximum thermal comfort and quality of ventilation for the investigated range of environmental and operational conditions.

The thesis deals with car cabin environment and thermal comfort inside. A car cabin heat load model was developed in Dymola/Modelica to investigate influence of ambient environmental parameters. The model was validated on the data set of eight test cases measured in a climatic chamber and in a real traffic. The main objective of the thesis was to develop a human thermal comfort model suitable for non-homogenous environments and for a car cabin environment especially. The Coupled model of human physiology and thermal comfort was developed in Dymola/Modelica. The model allows predicting an overall human thermal comfort from local boundary conditions representing ambient and personal factors. The model was validated by 16 test cases taken from experiments in literature. Moreover three test cases were created in Theseus-FE to consider an asymmetrical heat load from Sun rays inside a car cabin. Prediction of the Coupled model was compared with Fiala model and experimental data. The Coupled model predicted mean skin temperature for moderate activities in neutral and warm environment well. In cold environment a predicted core temperature was very affected by ambient temperature and during high activity exercises, the predicted mean skin temperature was too high.

Background Patients’ cold exposure is a neglected problem in prehospital emergency care. Cold stress increases pain and anxiety and contributes to fear and an overall sense of dissatisfaction. When left untreated, cold stress disturbs vital body functions until ultimately reaches hypothermia. Aim The overall aim was to investigate patients’ experiences of thermal comfort and reactions to cold exposure in prehospital emergency care and to evaluate the effects of an intervention using active warming from underneath. Method Study I: Persons (n=20) injured in a cold environment in the north of Sweden were interviewed. Active heat was given to 13 of them. Study II: In wintertime, 62 patients were observed during prehospital emergency care. The field study was based on observations, questions about thermal discomfort, vital signs, and temperature measurements. Study III: Healthy young persons (n=23) participated in two trials each. Data were collected inside and outside a cold chamber. In one trial, the participants were lying on a regular ambulance stretcher and in a second trial on a stretcher supplied with a heated mattress. Outcomes were the Cold Discomfort Scale (CDS), back, finger, and core body temperature, four statements from the State-TraitAnxiety-Inventory (STAI), vital signs, and short notes about their experiences of the two stretchers. Study IV: A quantitative intervention study was conducted in prehospital emergency care in the north of Sweden. The patients (n=30) in the intervention group were transported in an ambulance supplemented with a heated mattress on the stretcher, whereas only a regular stretcher was used in the ambulance for the patients (n=30) in the control group. Outcomes were the CDS, finger, core body, and air temperature, and questions about cold experiences. Results Study I: Patients suffered more because of the cold than from the pain of their injuries. The patients were in a desperate need of heat. Study II: Patients are exposed to cold stress due to cold environments. There was a significant decrease from the first measurement in finger temperature of patients who were indoors when the ambulance arrived, compared to the measurement taken in the ambulance. In the patient compartment of the ambulance, 85% of the patients had a finger temperature below the comfort zone and almost half of them experienced the patient compartment in the ambulance to be cold. The regular mattress surface temperature at the ambulance ranged from -22.3 to 8.4 ºC. Study III: A statistical increase of the participants’ back temperature was found between those lying on the heated mattress compared to those lying on the regular mattress. The heated mattress was experienced as warm, comfortable, providing security, and easy to relax on. Study IV: Thermal comfort increased for the patients in the intervention group and decreased in the control group. A significant higher proportion of the participants rated the stretcher as cold to lie on in the control group compared to the intervention group. Conclusion The ambulance milieu is too cold to provide thermal comfort. Heat supply from underneath increased comfort and might prevent cold stress and hypothermia

Consequences of human activity in natural environments can be observed in urban phenomena. Urban Heat Island is one of those consequences, it is characterized by higher temperature levels in surface-cover and air in urban centers compared with its surrounding rural areas. UHIs are present in cities of arid ecosystems such as Phoenix and Tucson. Existing urban development trends contribute to UHI episodes. Urban Agriculture (UA) is an emerging environmental strategy and, contrary to traditional and industrial agricultural methods, UA systems provide the option of not using soil, its geometrical arrangement lets grow crops disregarding of extensive surface of land to be consumed. UA systems can be implemented as building fabric components. Urban Agriculture provides access to healthier and economic food, it is more energy efficient and promotes a more vegetarian diet which can eventually contribute diminishing health problems such as obesity and toxicity. A response for achieving a decrease in temperature levels in an urban arid region scenario can be established by demonstrating the following premise: "Urban Heat Island effect in arid regions can be mitigated if vegetated surface in the form of agriculture is properly integrated in the built environment". Research procedures were applied at building scale. Results involved physical objective data acquisition. Research methods required the use of software and thermodynamic tools to measure thermal behavior of samples. The impact of vegetated cover in temperature levels and thermal comfort in an outdoor scenario was digitally simulated. The selected research case contributed as a source of data for comparison and baseline benchmarking of thermodynamic circumstances. Employment of green infrastructure in cities can contribute to the improvement of energy efficiency in buildings and developing self-sufficient communities. Urban agriculture comprises implications and side beneficial environmental consequences in arid habitats beyond decreasing temperature levels in cities, such effects are energy conservation, reducing air pollution, diminishing food security concerns, improving soil quality and runoff wastewater as well as cutting down fossil fuel use in transportation of food. In that sense, future research fields include water quality and availability, innovative emerging materials, climate analysis, societal and cultural value, Net zero development and energy efficiency as well as solid waste management.

A very economical way of reducing the operational energy consumed by large commercial buildings such as an airport terminal is the automatic control of its active energy systems. Such control can adjust the indoor environment systems setpoints to satisfy comfort during occupancy or when unoccupied, initiate energy conservation setpoints and if necessary, shut down part of the building systems. Adjusting energy control setpoints manually in large commercial buildings can be a nightmare for facility managers. Incidentally for such buildings, occupancy based control strategies are not achieved through the use of conventional controllers alone. This research, therefore, investigated the potential of using a high-level control system in airport terminal building. The study presents the evolution of a novel fuzzy rule-based supervisory controller, which intelligently establishes comfort setpoints based on flow of passenger through the airport as well as variable external environmental conditions. The inputs to the supervisory controller include: the time schedule of the arriving and departing passenger planes; the expected number of passengers; zone daylight illuminance levels; and external temperature. The outputs from the supervisory controller are the low-level controllers internal setpoint profile for thermal comfort, visual comfort and indoor air quality. Specifically, this thesis makes contribution to knowledge in the following ways: It utilised artificial intelligence to develop a novel fuzzy rule-based, energy-saving supervisory controller that is able to establish acceptable indoor environmental quality for airport terminals based on occupancy schedules and ambient conditions. It presents a unique methodology of designing a supervisory controller using expert knowledge of an airport s indoor environment systems through MATLAB/Simulink platform with the controller s performance evaluated in both MATLAB and EnergyPlus simulation engine. Using energy conservation strategies (setbacks and switch-offs), the pro-posed supervisory control system was shown to be capable of reducing the energy consumed in the Manchester Airport terminal building by up to 40-50% in winter and by 21-27% in summer. It demonstrates that if a 45 minutes passenger processing time is aimed for instead of the 60 minutes standard time suggested by ICAO, energy consumption is significantly reduced (with less carbon emission) in winter particularly. The potential of the fuzzy rule-based supervisory controller to optimise comfort with minimal energy based on variation in occupancy and external conditions was demonstrated through this research. The systematic approach adopted, including the use of artificial intelligence to design supervisory controllers, can be extended to other large buildings which have variable but predictable occupancy patterns.

Uppsatsen beskriver vidareutveckling av en längdskidåkningsjacka till en värmande, mer multi- funktionell jacka med avslappnad passform, i samarbete med ett svenskt konfektionsföretag specialiserat på längdskidåkning. I uppdraget ingick att undersöka hur användningsområdet kan breddas utan att jackans funktion vid längdskidåkning försämras. En kravspecifikation utformades med hänsyn till synpunkter från utövare och återförsäljare samt produktionsmässiga förutsättningar. Arbetsprocessen dokumenterades och förankrades i vetenskaplig litteratur och resultatet validerades genom framtagning av en herrjacka som möter de framtagna kriterierna. Ett funktionellt plagg måste framför allt ha riktigt bra passform och komfort; specialiserade finesser kan bli störningsmoment för den som inte behöver dem. Funktionskläder för sport, träning och friluftsliv måste ofta uppfylla höga och motsägelsefulla krav; det kan krävas extrem rörelsefrihet, hög slitstyrka men låg vikt, väderskydd men effektiv ventilation under intensiv ansträngning. Högpulsaktivitet i vinterklimat ställer särskilda krav på klädsystemets temperaturreglerings- förmåga och rörelsefrihet; båda är avgörande för såväl komfort som prestation. Litteratur- översikten behandlar därför termisk och ergonomisk komfort, mönsterkonstruktion för rörlighet, passformsutvärdering, och beräkning av viddtillägg. Jag diskuterar även behoven av konstruktionsunderlag applicerbara på funktionsplagg, systematisering av passforms- utvärdering, och preciserad terminologi. Idag krävs ofta många prototyper för att uppnå god passform, komfort och funktionalitet; denna tidskrävande och kostsamma process bör kunna effektiviseras genom dokumentation och metodstandardisering. / This bachelor’s thesis describes the development of a cross-country skiing jacket for a Swedish niche brand. The assignment required investigation of possibilities to diversify the garment’s usage range while maintaining functionality for the original target group. The concept is a warm, multifunctional men’s jacket in a relaxed fit, complementing the present collection. Market research and literature studies were used to clarify user needs, retailer requests and production constraints. Functional requirements for sportswear are tough and often contradictory: high durability at low weight, weatherproof yet breathable. It is essential, both for comfort and performance, that clothing systems for high intensity activities in cold climate have outstanding thermoregulatory properties and mobility; literature on thermal and ergonomic comfort, patternmaking for mobility, fit evaluation and garment ease is reviewed. The results were validated through the production of a sample garment, while striving to document the process methodically. Numerous samples are usually required to achieve good fit, comfort and functionality; this process tends to be especially time-consuming and costly for quality functional clothing. Benefits of consistent documentation and standardized methods are discussed, as well as the lack of precise terminology and of patternmaking texts applicable to functional garments, systematization of fitting, and fit evaluation.