Noon is a West-Atlantic language of the Cangin subgroup, spoken by 25 000 people in central Senegal, in and around the town of Thies. The aim of this study is to provide a full grammatical description of Noon, since no such study has been done on the language. We have not followed a specific linguistic model as framework, but rather tried to work from the classical approach of presenting the structures in the grammatical units of the language, from morphology to discourse, All analysis is presented with language examples from data collected in the Thies area over the years 1994-1998. The study is divided into 11 chapters, followed by a short interlinearised text sample with a free translation. The first chapter presents a brief overview of the phonology and the morphophonological processes that take place in affixation. Another important feature described in this section is the restricted regressive vowel harmony process, based on the ATR feature. In chapters 2-3, the nominal system is described, including the noun class system of 6 basic classes with which most nominals are in agreement. There is also a threefold locative distinction present in determined nominals. This locative distinction is further elaborated in the demonstratives. Chapter 4 treats prepositions and adverbs. In chapters 5-6, verbal morphology and the verb phrase are presented, A major feature of the Noon verb is the derivational affixation which, apart from carrying aspectual information, also has bearing on the valency of the verb. The conjugational system is based on affixation, but also on the use of auxiliaries and particles. Chapter 7 deals with conjunctions, particles and interjections, and chapter 8 treats clause structures: independent ones, both verbal and non-verbal, but also dependent clauses. In chapter 9, different simple sentence types are described, followed by the complex sentences, including serial and reduplicative types. Chapter 10 depicts some important features that occur on the discourse level such as the wider use of spatial deixis in temporal and textual references. Finally, in chapter 11 is presented a comparative view of some of the major dialect differences in Noon.

Tese de Mestrado Integrado. Engenharia Mecânica. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2012

Submitted by Automação e Estatística (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-07-02T22:10:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FrankDuesberg_DISSERT.pdf: 4609176 bytes, checksum: 177b112624afd63e80879bdd8aa1fce9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-07-09T13:31:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FrankDuesberg_DISSERT.pdf: 4609176 bytes, checksum: 177b112624afd63e80879bdd8aa1fce9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-09T13:31:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FrankDuesberg_DISSERT.pdf: 4609176 bytes, checksum: 177b112624afd63e80879bdd8aa1fce9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-22 / Esta pesquisa indaga a possibilidade de uma experiência trágica de um espectador ou do autor no teatro contemporâneo. O objetivo é questionar a possibilidade da concentração do trágico, por exemplo, em um gesto performático. Hans-Thies Lehmann, no seu livro ‘Tragödie und dramatisches Theater’ (2014), reflete sobre a experiência trágica, que envolve vários aspectos, como a estetização de um acontecimento trágico, a cisão dessa estetização e uma reflexão. Foram criados e pesquisados múltiplas reescritas, experimentos e fragmentos reunidos sob o nome de ‘Estrada V’, baseados principalmente na obra ‘A Estrada de Volokolamsk’, de Heiner Müller e nas experiências do presente autor. O foco ficou nas reflexões e práticas em relação ao público e da possibilidade de uma experiência trágica vir a ocorrer. Constatou-se que no mundo moderno, a mística do excesso não precisa ser mais grandiosa, porém exige-se uma aumentada atenção com o comum. O teatro da tragédia contemporâneo é um local de conscientização intensa de perda, onde o sujeito é confrontado com a dissolução inevitável do ser e com uma experiência da própria finitude. Neste contexto, o trágico no teatro contemporâneo investiga o sujeito fragmentado do mundo atual, tocando na antiga e sempre renovada experiência do excesso. O destino fundamental do caráter trágico é seu desejo de investigação por uma verdade maior, em um mundo onde não há certezas e postulados irrefutáveis. Foi verificado que na arte performática a criação do trágico nasce do afeto, estabelecendo uma conexão específica entre o performador e o receptor, permitindo o surgimento de uma experiência trágica. / This research investigates the possibility of a tragic experience of a spectator or the author in contemporary theater. The objective is to question the possibility of the concentration of tragic, for example, in a performance gesture. Hans-Thies Lehmann, in his book 'Tragödie und dramatisches Theater' (2014), reflects on the tragic experience, which involves several aspects, such as the aestheticization of a tragic event, the breakup of this aesthetization and a reflection. Multiple re-writings, experiments and fragments were collected and researched organized under the name of 'Estrada V', based mainly on Heiner Müller's 'The Road of Volokolamsk' and the experiences of the present author. The focus was on reflections and practices of the relationship between stage and the public and the possibility of a tragic experience to occur. It has been found that in the modern world, the mystique of excess need not be grand, but an increased attention to the common is demanded. The theater of contemporary tragedy is a place of intense awareness of loss, where the subject is confronted with the inevitable dissolution of being and with an experience of one's own finitude. In this context, the tragic in contemporary theater investigates the fragmented subject of the present world, touching on the old and always renewed experience of excess. The fundamental destiny of the tragic character is its desire to investigate for a greater truth in a world where there are no certainties and irrefutable postulates. It was verified that in performance art the creation of the tragic arises from affection, establishing a specific connection between the performer and the receiver, allowing the emergence of a tragic experience.

The growth of a country depends on the improvement of its human resources. The TVET (Technical and Vocational Education and Training) system intends primarily to advance personal support and resources. Throughout education, people can build their knowledge, understanding, and skills to find a job. The TVET in Agriculture (ATVET) curriculum plays an essential role in designing interventions to deliver quality education, helping people increase productivity in the various agriculture sectors of economic activities, value chains, and associated occupations. The purpose of this research is to investigate what is necessisary to improve the agriculture technical and vocational education programs in Senegal by focusing on pedagogy and teaching strategies. Participants represented different ranges of teaching experience from five to more than ten years. The lead researcher interviewed two school directors and ten ATVET teachers. The interviews were semi-structured and were last from 30 minutes to one hour in Diourbel and Thies, Senegal. The researchers developed an interview protocol regarding the ATVET programs, implementation issues, and job market trends. The results showed that participants had various years of professional experience in the ATVET system and academic levels. All participants are well experienced and knowledgeable about working in strenuous physical and instructional conditions. The lack of infrastructure, equipment, and class facilities appears in the findings as significant problems. The deterioration of the resources such as human, material, financial and organizational influences the expected teaching outcomes because of insufficient and inadequate teaching and learning methods. Thereby, all authorities must consider the requirements and expectations of the the competency-based (CBA) program within the sustainability of the infrastructure, the learning environment, and the efficiency of maintenance to improve the technical context to guarantee practical and efficient administration of technological, environmental, and human resources. / Doctor of Philosophy / The growth of a country depends on the improvement of its human resources. The Vocational Training system (TVET) aims to strengthen human resources. Through education, people can build their expertise, comprehension, and abilities to find a job. The TVET in Agriculture performs a fundamental function in designing interventions to deliver concerning training, making people boost productivity in agriculture sectors of economic activities, value chains, and associated occupations. The purpose of this research is to investigate what is needed to improve agriculture vocational and technical education programs in Senegal by focusing on pedagogy and teaching strategies to address the new and growing competency demands of the different value-chains within the agriculture system. Participants in this study were the teachers and administrators in the current ATVET programs. The lead researcher interviewed two school directors and ten ATVET teachers in Diourbel and Thies, Senegal. The researchers developed an interview protocol regarding the ATVET programs, implementation issues, and job market trends. The results showed that participants are well experienced and knowledgeable about working in strenuous physical and instructional conditions. The availability and quality of material resources such as teaching materials and class sizes pose problems in teacher satisfaction in the classroom to boost learning outcomes. Thus, the didactic equipment also remains insufficient and poorly diversified, which testifies the limited pedagogical approaches used in these structures. The deterioration of the ATVET resources such as human, material, financial and organizational influences the expected teaching outcomes because of insufficient and inadequate teaching and learning methods. Thereby, all authorities must consider the requirements and expectations of sustainability of the infrastructure, the learning environment, and the efficiency of maintenance to improve the technical context.

In Senegal, in recent years the rural sector has undergone major reforms which are partly due to macroeconomic policy reforms adopted by the Senegalese government. Therefore, all the actors of economic and social development have a common concern and share in promoting rural agriculture (Bernard et al., 2008). Changes observed in the agricultural and rural sector reflect the will of the actors to have a productive, competitive, and sustainable agriculture system in order to ensure food security (International Monetary Fund, 2011). The purpose of the study is to develop a set of recommendations to improve the educational program planning and teaching skills of educators in the extension system by focusing on extension educators' approaches to teaching farmers and cart owners animal welfare practices for proper care of working animals. The extension agents and teachers involved in the animal husbandry and animal extension system in Thies and Bambey served as participants in this study. This descriptive qualitative study connected qualitative data derived from participant interviews, qualitative document analysis, observations of an educational program planning professional development program for state agents and university faculty members in Diourbel and Thies regions, as well as a final focus group to allow participants clarification of preliminary themes found in the data. The findings revealed 11 themes: characteristics of the participants, job expectation and responsibilities, institutional and organizational factors, capacity building and professional development plans, diagnostics of the extension system, regulations and legislations, limited sources of information, limited knowledge and skills technologies, recommendations for utilizing student-centered teaching practices, standard welfare for animal husbandry, recommendation for acceptance and improvement standard animal welfare related to the four research questions which addressed the topics of challenging current teaching methods used in the extension system for other owners of animal species in the animal extension programs, the use of student-centered teaching practices in extension education and university instruction, and the level assistance given to farmers in order to ensure accepted standards of animal welfare working animal and other animal species in the animal husbandry system. / Master of Science in Life Sciences / In Senegal, in recent years the rural sector has undergone major reforms which are partly due to macroeconomic policy reforms adopted by the Senegalese government. Therefore, all the actors of economic and social development have a common concern and share in promoting rural agriculture (Bernard et al., 2008). Changes observed in the agricultural and rural sector reflect the will of the actors to have a productive, competitive, and sustainable agriculture system in order to ensure food security (International Monetary Fund, 2011). The purpose of the study is to develop a set of recommendations to improve the educational program planning and teaching skills of educators in the extension system by focusing on extension educators' approaches to teaching farmers and cart owners animal welfare practices for proper care of working animals. The extension agents and teachers involved in the animal husbandry and animal extension system in Thies and Bambey served as participants in this study. The methodology used for this descriptive qualitative study were interviews, qualitative document analysis, observations of an educational and professional development program planning for state agents and university faculty members in Diourbel and Thies regions, as well as a final focus group to allow participants clarification of preliminary themes found in the data. The data collected from participants were connected to the different used qualitative methods to gather data. The 11 themes found in this study were the characteristics of the participants, job expectation and responsibilities, institutional and organizational factors, capacity building and professional development plans, diagnostics of the extension system, regulations and legislations, limited sources of information, limited knowledge and skills technologies, recommendations for utilizing student-centered teaching practices, standard welfare for animal husbandry, recommendation for acceptance and improvement standard animal welfare related to the four research questions which addressed the topics of challenging current teaching methods used in the extension system for other owners of animal species in the animal extension programs, the use of student-centered teaching practices in extension education and university instruction, and the level assistance given to farmers in order to ensure accepted standards of animal welfare working animal and other animal species in the animal husbandry system.

This master’s thesis is concerned with the portrayal of motherhood and mother-daughter relationships on stage. By conducting performance analyses of three separate contemporary performances, all focused on mother-daughter relationships, the thesis investigates the creation of mother and daughter on stage. Through the lens of Hans-Thies Lehmann’s theory on postdramatic theatre, the thesis dissects aspects of the performances moving beyond the dramatic action to gain further insight into the portrayal of mother and daughter on stage. The thesis aims to investigate the aspects contributing to the creation of mother and daughter on stage, as well as analyse the conveyed meaning of the relationship between them. Combined with a feminist approach, the role of mother and daughter on stage is placed in a larger context, analysing motherhood as an institution and concept, both on and off stage. By understanding the intimate and complex mother-daughter relationship as a product of patriarchal structure, it becomes necessary and relevant to investigate this relationship further. Since the performances portray private relationships in a public space, the analysis is also concerned with the interrelation between the stage and the outside world. The analysed performances are Und dann kam Mirna at the Maxim Gorki Theatre in Berlin, Kung Mor at Teater Galeasen in Stockholm and Mommy Issues at Kulturhuset Stadsteatern in Stockholm. The material for the thesis mainly consists of my experiences of the performances in the role of spectator and the theatre texts. By using Lehmann’s theory as a starting point, the analyses are centred around moving beyond the narrative to investigate other aspects on stage, such as objects, physicality, levels of reality, intertextuality, intermediality and the use of text on stage. The thesis dissects how these aspects contribute to the creation of mother and daughter on stage, as well as analyses the portrayed generational differences and their impact on the mother-daughter relationship in the performances. The analyses place the portrayed mothers and daughters into a larger context, by including concepts such as performativity and the male gaze. The thesis shows how the portrayal of motherhood and mother-daughter relationships on stage can be created by reaching beyond a narrative or a desired understandability. Together, the three performance analyses contribute with concluding insights into the internal logic and structures of the performances.

Este documento busca analizar los cuatro signos posdramáticos planteados por Hans – Thies Lehmann en Ausentes – Proyecto escénico. Tomando en cuenta que es una obra artística interdisciplinaria, debido a la relación e integración de diversas disciplinas. La cual partió desde la investigación por parte de los directores hasta generar un proceso colectivo, en el que se involucró a todo el elenco. De este modo, se busca ahondar de qué manera se presentan dichos signos en Ausentes, desde el punto de vista como espectadora, el cual genera en este trabajo una reflexión tanto analítica como sensorial. En el que se incluyen entrevistas hacia el director general de esta puesta en escena, Rodrigo Benza; la directora de teatro, Claudia Tangoa, y quien fue parte del elenco el actor, Sebastián Ramos. De igual manera, se busca generar nuevos cuestionamientos y producir más estudios en relación a obras con diferentes lenguajes, impulsando el análisis del trabajo artístico de nuestro país, la similitud con problemáticas sociales y ambientales a nivel mundial y, sobre todo, la relación, que se pueden originar, con teóricos teatrales. Finalmente, esta investigación busca determinar si, el alejamiento de la síntesis, imágenes oníricas, sinestesia y performance text se presentan en las siete escenas seleccionadas del proyecto: ‘Testimonio de Sandra García’, ‘Despedidas’, ‘Convocatoria a la toma de la carretera’, ‘Toma de la carretera’, ‘Enfrentamiento lúdico -carnaval-’, ‘Segundo enfrentamiento’ y ‘Mapa del Perú’, a través de su estética, dirección, actuación y desarrollo.

This mini-thesis investigates the concepts of refusal and rupture as a postdramatic revolt and how these terms can be applied and read within the context of analysing contemporary devised performance in South Africa. The argument focuses on the efficacy of Hans-Thies Lehmann’s postdramatic terminology and the potential of its use in an appreciation of contemporary performance analysis. I investigate the potential in South African contemporary devised performance practice to challenge prevailing modes of traditional dramatic expectation in order to restore the experience of discovery and questioning in the spectator. This research is approached through a qualitative process which entails a reading and application of selected critical texts to the analysis with an application of Lehmann’s terminology. This reading/application is engaged in a dialogue with the interpretative and experiential aspects of selected South African devised performances with particular focus on four cross-disciplinary works selected for analysis. Chapter One functions as an introduction to the concept of postdramatic theatre and the application of the terms refusal and rupture as deconstructive keywords in the process of a devised performance. Chapter Two is an analysis of several South African contemporary performances with particular focus on Body of Evidence (2009) by Siwela Sonke Dance Company, Wreckage (2011) a collaboration by Ubom! Eastern Cape Drama Company and First Physical Theatre Company, Discharge (2012) by First Physical Theatre Company, and Drifting (2013) by The Rhodes University Drama Department. This mini-thesis concludes with the idea that with an understanding of refusal and rupture in a postdramatic revolt, contemporary devised performance achieves an awakening in its spectators by deconstructing the expectation of understanding and the need for resolve; the assumption and need for traditional dramatic structures and rules are challenged. Instead, it awakes an experience of discovery and questioning.