This thesis analyzes three works of the GDR dramatist Heiner Müller: his early prose poem Orpheus gepflügt, his learning play Mauser, and his late piece Verkommenes Ufer Medeamaterial Landschaft mit Argonauten. It demonstrates how Müller, throughout different career stages, pragmatizes myth to further critical thinking. Ancient Greek myths and Christian symbolism play a crucial role in Müller’s strategy of calling into question the very systems that lay claim to an absolute truth. Müller both alludes to and openly employs myths to identify their inherent dialectical tension operative in everyday life as well as in secular explanatory models used to legitimize political agendas. He expands Theodor W. Adorno’s concept of negative dialectics through an emphasis on the mythical pole of the dialectical dyad “myth and enlightenment.” By drawing attention to myths inherent in civilization, Müller opens up space for the imagination and the potential of the irrational to initiate change.

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Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι να μελετήσει τα αρχαιόθεμα έργα του Γερμανού σκηνοθέτη, θεωρητικού και συγγραφέα Heiner Müller τα οποία έχουν παρασταθεί στην Ελλάδα. Η χρονική περίοδος που καλύπτεται είναι το διάστημα από το 1988, χρονιά κατά την οποία δόθηκε η πρώτη παράσταση μυλλερικού έργου από ελληνικό θίασο και συγκεκριμένα από το θίασο Άττις του Θόδωρου Τερζόπουλου, έως και το 2008. Δεκαεπτά χρόνια μετά τον θάνατό του, ο συγγραφέας, σκηνοθέτης και θεωρητικός του θεάτρου Heiner Müller μοιάζει να εκπροσωπεί ιδανικά την σημερινή κυριαρχούσα αντίληψη για το επικείμενο τέλος της κουλτούρας του δυτικού κόσμου. Το παράδοξο είναι πώς, ενώ αποτέλεσε μια ιδιάζουσα περίπτωση ανθρώπου που δεν δίστασε να αρθρώσει ρητά, σκληρά, ανεπιφύλακτα και κυρίως αδιαπραγμάτευτα την απαισιοδοξία του για το μέλλον της ανθρωπότητας, πράγμα για το οποίο στιγματίστηκε από τη διανόηση του καιρού του, σήμερα αποτελεί το έμβλημα μιας ολόκληρης γενιάς, επειδή διείδε με ακρίβεια τη ροπή και την πορεία μας στο μέλλον και διατύπωσε με σαφήνεια τους φόβους και τις ανησυχίες της. / This project tries to emphasise on the plays of the German writer and director Heiner Müller which are based on ancient Greek plays and have been performed on the Greek stage.

(anglicky) This dissertation joins a conversation in German literary studies about East German literature's role, identity, and characteristic features. The thesis discusses the phenomenon of autonomy of the dramatic compositions written by Peter Hacks and Heiner Müller in the 1960s and 1970s in the GDR. The theoretic background of the research consists, among other things, of a short introduction to theoretical concepts developed by Kenneth Burke (particularly his New Rhetoric approach presented in The philosophy of literary form), Raymond Williams (including his cultural materialism), as well as Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno (Critical Theory). Furthermore, the dissertation deals with the idea of metatheatre, and it discusses elements of metadrama (Karin Vieweg-Marks) in the selected plays. The symbolic boundaries of research are the Berlin Wall's construction in 1961 and the expulsion of the German poet and songwriter Wolf Biermann in 1976. By analyzing the authors' concrete strategies, the thesis demonstrates that their plays articulate both the European literary tradition and the (East) German socialist project.

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Submitted by Automação e Estatística (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-07-02T22:10:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FrankDuesberg_DISSERT.pdf: 4609176 bytes, checksum: 177b112624afd63e80879bdd8aa1fce9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-07-09T13:31:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FrankDuesberg_DISSERT.pdf: 4609176 bytes, checksum: 177b112624afd63e80879bdd8aa1fce9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-09T13:31:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FrankDuesberg_DISSERT.pdf: 4609176 bytes, checksum: 177b112624afd63e80879bdd8aa1fce9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-22 / Esta pesquisa indaga a possibilidade de uma experiência trágica de um espectador ou do autor no teatro contemporâneo. O objetivo é questionar a possibilidade da concentração do trágico, por exemplo, em um gesto performático. Hans-Thies Lehmann, no seu livro ‘Tragödie und dramatisches Theater’ (2014), reflete sobre a experiência trágica, que envolve vários aspectos, como a estetização de um acontecimento trágico, a cisão dessa estetização e uma reflexão. Foram criados e pesquisados múltiplas reescritas, experimentos e fragmentos reunidos sob o nome de ‘Estrada V’, baseados principalmente na obra ‘A Estrada de Volokolamsk’, de Heiner Müller e nas experiências do presente autor. O foco ficou nas reflexões e práticas em relação ao público e da possibilidade de uma experiência trágica vir a ocorrer. Constatou-se que no mundo moderno, a mística do excesso não precisa ser mais grandiosa, porém exige-se uma aumentada atenção com o comum. O teatro da tragédia contemporâneo é um local de conscientização intensa de perda, onde o sujeito é confrontado com a dissolução inevitável do ser e com uma experiência da própria finitude. Neste contexto, o trágico no teatro contemporâneo investiga o sujeito fragmentado do mundo atual, tocando na antiga e sempre renovada experiência do excesso. O destino fundamental do caráter trágico é seu desejo de investigação por uma verdade maior, em um mundo onde não há certezas e postulados irrefutáveis. Foi verificado que na arte performática a criação do trágico nasce do afeto, estabelecendo uma conexão específica entre o performador e o receptor, permitindo o surgimento de uma experiência trágica. / This research investigates the possibility of a tragic experience of a spectator or the author in contemporary theater. The objective is to question the possibility of the concentration of tragic, for example, in a performance gesture. Hans-Thies Lehmann, in his book 'Tragödie und dramatisches Theater' (2014), reflects on the tragic experience, which involves several aspects, such as the aestheticization of a tragic event, the breakup of this aesthetization and a reflection. Multiple re-writings, experiments and fragments were collected and researched organized under the name of 'Estrada V', based mainly on Heiner Müller's 'The Road of Volokolamsk' and the experiences of the present author. The focus was on reflections and practices of the relationship between stage and the public and the possibility of a tragic experience to occur. It has been found that in the modern world, the mystique of excess need not be grand, but an increased attention to the common is demanded. The theater of contemporary tragedy is a place of intense awareness of loss, where the subject is confronted with the inevitable dissolution of being and with an experience of one's own finitude. In this context, the tragic in contemporary theater investigates the fragmented subject of the present world, touching on the old and always renewed experience of excess. The fundamental destiny of the tragic character is its desire to investigate for a greater truth in a world where there are no certainties and irrefutable postulates. It was verified that in performance art the creation of the tragic arises from affection, establishing a specific connection between the performer and the receiver, allowing the emergence of a tragic experience.

Eine Reihe literaturwissenschaftlicher Arbeiten seit Anfang der Neunzigerjahre bezeugt das lebhafte Interesse an der subjektiven Verfasstheit von Müllers Schreiben. Keine jedoch widmet sich erschöpfend Müllers als Autobiografie ausgewiesenem Text KRIEG OHNE SCHLACHT – LEBEN IN ZWEI DIKTATUREN. Zu Ehren kam der Text bislang nur als Zitatsteinbruch, Interpretationshilfe und umfangreiche poetologische Materialsammlung. Zumeist wird das Werk als gültiger Beleg der Intention müllerschen Schreibens herangezogen und erlangt damit einen unzulässigen Grad an Deutungshoheit. Dabei wird die poetische Dimension des Textes oft nur unzureichend reflektiert oder gänzlich missachtet. Die vorliegende textkritische Untersuchung soll dazu beitragen, die Forschungslücke in der einschlägigen Sekundärliteratur zu schließen und dazu anregen, das Potenzial Müllers enormen und vielgestaltigen Werkes jenseits seiner als Theaterarbeiten ausgewiesenen Texte wahrzunehmen und in Bewegung zu setzen. Nach einführenden Darstellungen zu Rezeptionssituation und Forschungsstand, der Diskussion spezifischer poetologischer Fragestellungen im Allgemeinen wie solcher der Autobiografieforschung im Besonderen, der Untersuchung der Genese und formaler Besonderheiten des Textes, analysiert die vorliegende Arbeit vor allem die strukturellen Wirkungsmechanismen, die Müllers disparate Selbstexplikation zum Auto-Drama werden lassen. Die Rückführung der Bedeutungsgeneration auf die strukturästhetischen Wirkungsmechanismen scheint insofern geeignet, als sie durch Textnähe und punktuelle Analyse der Textgenese Müllers Strategie der Selbst-Dekonstruktion sehr nahe kommt. Zumal Müller seine »Lebenserzählung« nach ähnlichen Strukturprinzipien aufbaut, wie seine anderen »poetischen« Texte auch. Aus der Beschreibung der disparaten Äußerungsformen des autobiografischen Ichs ergeben sich die textimmanenten Strategien der überaus komplexen Selbstinszenierung Müllers, sein »Theater der Schrift«. / Since the early 1990s a number of literary papers testify the vivid interest in the subjective composition of Müller’s writing. But none of these detailed devotes to Müller’s as autobiography assigned text WAR WITHOUT BATTLE – LIFE IN TWO DICTATORSHIPS. Until now the text has been only used as quarry of quotations, aid of interpretation and extensive poetological collection of material. Mainly the work is used as evidence of the intention of Müller’s writing and therefore receives an inadmissible degree of sovereignty of interpretation. The poetical dimension of the text is often inadequately reflected or even totally neglected and ignored. This text-critical examination will contribute to close this gap of research within the relevant secondary literature and encourage the recognition and discussion of the potential of Müller’s enormous and multifarious work beyond his as theatre work assigned texts. After the introduction of the situation of reception and the status of current research, the discussion of specific poetological questions in general such as autobiographical research, examination of genesis and formal specific features of texts, this paper will analyse the structural mechanisms of effect, which turn Müller’s disparate self-explication into an auto-drama. It seems suitable to return the meaning of generation on the structure-esthetical mechanisms of effect, as the proximity of text and selective analysis of the genesis of text is very close to Müller’s strategy of self-deconstruction. Particularly as Müller constructs his »Lebenserzählung« to similar structural principals as well as others of his »poetical« texts. The description of the disparate form of expression of the autobiographic I result in the text-immanent strategies of the enormous complex self-dramatisation of Müller; his »Theater der Schrift«.

Keywords: GDR literature, historical drama, postdramatic theatre, history, memory, Heiner Müller, Walter Benjamin, Bertolt Brecht, Lehrstück Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to analyse the representation of the German history and its relation with the reality of the GDR in selected dramas by Heiner Müller (1929-1995): Germania Death in Berlin, Germania 3 Ghosts at Dead Man, Life of Gundling Frederick of Prussia Lessing's Dream Sleep Scream, The Battle, The Horatian and The Hamletmachine. The main focus of interest is also the approach of the playwright to selected literary and theatrical genres as historical drama, Lehrstück and postdramatic theatre. The philosophical background of the analysis is based mainly on Walter Benjamin's essay On the Concept of History and his description of the painting Angelus Novus by Paul Klee. Furthermore, the thesis examines the methods of dramatization in Heiner Müller's plays.

[ES] El presente estudio se centra en el análisis de la praxis teatral, a partir del montaje esceno-performativo: Descripción de un cuadro, texto de Heiner Müller, y dirección de Madeleine Loayza, con la finalidad de exponer la importancia de la «tensión erótica» (entendida como energía vital asociada a Eros) presente en la poíesis del acontecimiento teatral. Nos enfocaremos en los dispositivos contrahegemónicos (a los que caracteriza su gesto irreverente y crítico) presentes en el fenómeno sensoperceptivo y receptivo, el mismo que involucra la relación del actor-operador/performer con los diversos elementos que intervienen en la producción de dicha poíesis y su alcance en el espectador. La investigación incluye la poíesis convivial, productiva y la poíesis receptiva enfocadas en el proceso y en el resultado. En este contexto se observa, analiza e interpreta el modo en que acontece dicha tensión, emplazándonos desde el rol de artista-investigadora/espectadora. El estudio concluye con el soporte conceptual y el diseño de la investigación-creación: Mujer en llamas; donde la investigadora se asume como artista-investigadora/directora, actriz y dramaturga. Observar cómo se constituye el fenómeno sensoperceptivo y receptivo de la poíesis, al develarse el modo en que opera la «tensión erótica» y su alcance en el espectador, en tanto dispositivo de resistencia contrahegemónico por medio de mecanismos y formas de producción liminales, para lo cual se ponen en discusión las características de operación del dispositivo, de acuerdo con las particularidades del montaje propuesto. El estudio contempla, desde una perspectiva analítica, las teatralidades contemporáneas, pertenecientes al campo de la Teatrología, con énfasis en la dimensión performativa del signo teatral que destaca los aspectos espacio/temporales y kinésicos. Nos referirnos al análisis de la dinámica de la ejecución del signo en escena (que involucra al espectador), más que limitarnos a identificar la estructura de los signos teatrales; esta perspectiva desplaza al eje de la literatura dramática como referente canónico para abordar la experiencia escénica. Enfatizar el rol del cuerpo en el fenómeno sensoperceptivo y receptivo, entre el actor y el espectador, nos remite a la visión nietzscheana que toma como referente la tragedia griega (siglos V y IV a. C), retomada luego por Artaud y otros pensadores de su tiempo desde el campo de la filosofía; esta perspectiva potencia el rol del espectador en la dinámica escénica desde la auto-alteración y la capacidad crítica y autocrítica. De allí que el concepto liminalidad presente en Descripción de un cuadro, posea un carácter político importante en tanto contrahegemónico como antiestructura. Los parámetros para observar la operatividad de la «tensión erótica» se advierten en los dispositivos poéticos, que configuran su poíesis en las modalidades productiva, receptiva y convivial. En el montaje Descripción de un cuadro, el dramaturgismo, las prácticas performáticas; el análisis del «convivio» entre los diversos materiales o matrices que intervienen en el proceso de factura de la obra, como dispositivos poéticos, constituyen los pilares que sustentan el proceso de investigación-creación. En lo que respecta al soporte conceptual y exposición del diseño del montaje Mujer en llamas, este se desarrolla a partir de la metodología que guía el enfoque del presente estudio, con el objetivo que pueda ser incorporada y replicada en otros procesos creadores. / [CA] El present estudi es centra en l'anàlisi de la praxi teatral, a partir del muntatge esceno-performatiu: Descripció d'un quadre, text de Heiner Müller, i dirección de Madeleine Loayza amb la finalitat d'exposar la importància de la «tensió eròtica» (entesa com a energia vital associada a Eros) present en la poiesis de l'esdeveniment teatral. Ens centrarem en els dispositius contrahegemónicos (caracteritzats pel caràcter irreverent i crític) presents en el fenomen sensoperceptiu i receptiu, el fenomen mateix que involucra la relació de l'actor-operador/performer amb els diversos elements que intervenen en la producció d'aquesta poíesis i el seu abast en l'espectador. La investigació inclou la poíesis convivial, productiva i la poíesis receptiva enfocades en el procés i en el resultat. En aquest context s'observa, analitza i interpreta la manera en què esdevé aquesta tensió, emplaçant-nos des del rol d'artista-investigadora/espectadora. L'estudi conclou amb el suport conceptual i el disseny de la investigació-creació: Dona en flames; on la investigadora s'assumeix com a artista-investigadora/directora, actriu i dramaturga. Observar com es constitueix el fenomen sensoperceptivo i receptiu de la poiesis, al develarse la manera en què opera la "tensió eròtica" i el seu abast en l'espectador, en tant dispositiu de resistència contrahegemònic per mitjà de mecanismes i formes de producció liminals, per a això es posen en discussió les característiques d'operació del dispositiu d'acord amb les particularitats del muntatge proposat. L'estudi contempla des d'una perspectiva analítica les teatralitats contemporànies pertanyents al camp de la Teatrología, posant especial èmfasi en la dimensió performativa del signe teatral que destaca els aspectes espai/temporals i kinèsics. Ens referirm a l'anàlisi de la dinàmica de l'execució del signe en escena (que involucra a l'espectador), més que limitar-nos a identificar l'estructura dels signes teatrals; desplaçant-nos de l'eix de la literatura dramàtica com a referent canònic a l'experiència escènica. Emfatitzar el rol del cos en el fenomen sensoperceptiu i receptiu, entre l'actor i l'espectador, ens remet a la visió nietzscheana que pren com a referent la tragèdia grega (segles V i IV a. C), represa després per Artaud desde l'escena i per altres pensadors del seu temps des del camp de la filosofia; perspectiva es potencia el rol de l'espectador en la dinàmica escènica, des de l'acte-alteració i la seua capacitat crítica i autocrítica. Per aquest motiu el concepte liminalitat present en Descripció d'un quadre, poseeix un caràcter polític important en tant contrahegemónico com a antiestructura. Els paràmetres per a observar l'operativitat de la «tensió eròtica» s'adverteixen en els dispositius poètics que configuren el seu poíesis en les modalitats productiva, receptiva i convivial. En el muntatge Descripció d'un quadre, el dramaturgismo, les pràctiques performatives; l'anàlisi del "convivio" entre els diversos materials o matrius que intervenen en el procés de creació de l'obra, com a dispositius poètics, constitueixen els pilars que sustenten el procés d'investigació-creació. Pel que fa al suport conceptual i exposició del disseny del muntatge Dona en flames, aquest es desenvolupa a partir de la metodologia que guia la perspectiva del present estudi, amb l'objectiu que puga ser incorporada i replicada en altres processos creatius. / [EN] This research focuses on the analysis of theatrical praxis, coming from the sceno-performative staging of: Description of a painting, written by Heiner Müller, and directed by Madeleine Loayza, in order to expose the importance of the "erotic tension" (understood as vital energy associated with Eros) present in the poiesis of the theatrical event. We will focus on the against-hegemonic devices (which characterizes its irreverent and critical gesture) present in the sensoperceptive and receptive phenomenon, which also involves the relationship between the actor-operator/performer with the various elements that intervene in the production the mentioned poiesis and its scope to the spectator. For this reason, the research includes convivial productive poíesis and receptive poíesis, focused on the process and the result. Under this context, the way in which this tension occurs is observed, analyzed and interpreted, summoning us from the role of artist-researcher/spectator. The study concludes with the conceptual support and design of the research-creation: Woman on fire; where the researcher is assumed as artist-searcher/director, actress and playwright. Observes how the senso-perceptive and receptive phenomenon of poíesis is constituted, the way in which "erotic tension" operates and its scope to the spectator is revealed, as a device of against-hegemonic resistance that uses mechanisms and forms of liminal production, for which the operating characteristics of the device are discussed according to the particularities of the proposed assembly. The research considers contemporary theatricalities as an analytical approach, that belong to the field of Theatrology, with emphasis on the performative dimension of the theatrical sign that highlights the spatial/temporal and kinesic aspects. We are interested in analyzing the dynamics of the enforcement of the sign on stage (which involves the viewer), rather than limiting ourselves to identify the structure of the theatrical signs; this perspective displaces the axis of dramatic literature as a canonical reference to address the stage experience. Giving emphasis to the role of the body in the sensory-perceptual and receptive phenomenon, between the actor and the spectator, refers us to the Nietzschean vision that takes as a reference the Greek tragedy (5th and 4th centuries BC), later taken up again by Artaud and other thinkers and philosophers of this period; In this way, the role of the spectator in the scenic dynamics is also enhanced, from self-alteration and their critical and self-critical capacity. Therefore, the concept of liminality in Description of a painting has an important political character as bot: against-hegemonic and anti-structural. The parameters for observing the operability of the "erotic tension" are seen in the poetic, devices that configure its poiesis in the productive, receptive and convivial modalities. In the staging of Description of a painting; the playwriting, the performative practices, the analysis of the "conviviality" between the various materials or matrices that intervene the invoice process of the work as poetic devices, constitute the pillars that support the research-creation process. Regarding the conceptual support and design exhibition for the staging of Woman on Fire, it is developed by the methodology that guides the focus of this study, with the aim that it can be incorporated and replicated in other creative processes. / Loayza Cabezas, GM. (2021). La osadía de Eros. La «tensión erótica», dispositivo contrahegemónico de la poíesis teatral, de "Descripción de un cuadro" a "Mujer en llamas" [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/179975 / TESIS

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