Nationalism has long been a subject of discussion in the literature on development. It has been discussed whether nationalism is indispensable or not on the way to modernity and development. Third World nationalism and revolution from above emerged as key concepts within these discussions. Nationalism was brought forth in many Third World countries as an understanding, which is thought to facilitate paving the way for development, as it imagines a nation based on integrity. The stance that Y&ouml / n (1961-1967) and Devrim (1969-1971) journal movements had can be thought within this framework. In this study, it will be explored whether we can think of the Y&ouml / n-Devrim movement by rethinking the link between development and nationalism, especially Third World nationalism. While doing this, comparisons between Y&ouml / n-Devrim Movement and the Nasserist movement, which had similar political and intellectual tendencies in the same period, will be used.

According to critical pedagogues and post-development scholars, globalization and transnational movement open up new avenues for pedagogy; to be sure, some scholars assert the development sector is in need of a paradigm shift to accommodate "new forms of pedagogy" (Appadurai, 2000) while subaltern scholars call for "alternative pedagogies" (Sherpa, 2014) for the theorizing and understanding of subaltern, marginalized groups within the educational realm. In the search for and transition to a subaltern pedagogy, it is necessary to tap into the very voices of those who comprise the subaltern, because, as Kelly and Lusis (2006) assert, "Researchers are frequently interested in understanding the experiences of 'the immigrant,' as an objective analytical category, rather than the experiences of 'an immigrant'" (p. 831). The aim of this study is to examine the interplay between knowledge production of migrant workers, power as domination and empowerment, and the appropriation of space in considering how these groups are able to segue subaltern epistemologies into forms of activism and empowerment; as such, this study looks at constructions and deconstructions of power among historically oppressed peoples in macro, meso and micro contexts. I assert that dominant discourses of power attempt to perpetuate an intentional subjugation of oppressed groups, in this case, migrant workers, especially female domestic workers. However, via the creation of a critical, oppositional consciousness by way of reciprocity and dialogism within the migrant worker and Lebanese activist community, migrant workers are able to harness agency and empowerment even within the most oppressive of societal conditions. What this research reveals is that migrant workers are able to create powerful counter-cultural communities of practice and epistemological spaces for learning. Based on this research, I assert a subaltern praxis, a paradigm shift comprising of a subaltern pedagogy and practice, that incorporates ideas of critical pedagogy, spatial analysis, and postcolonial/third world feminisms; this dialectic triad informs the subaltern interstitial and liminal experience, the need for the building of a critical consciousness for educators and learners alike, and a re-mapping and re-configuration of subaltern epistemologies for the benefit of all who desire to learn about migration and the refugee experience.

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This exploratory case study examines the proposition that development NGOs are playing an active part in the de-politicization of Palestinian women's movements fight for independence and liberation from occupation by advancing the development projects (McMicheal, 1996) push for Western conceptions of democratisation and modernisation as being the key to economic and social development of Palestinian society, while disregarding the current state of occupation (Jad, 2003). The application of Third World feminist perspectives allows for the examination of structural and systemic forms of oppression that encourage womens struggles and names ways that women have taken action to make positive libratory social change in the face of systems of domination such as capitalism and western-led international development. Education and knowledge production are implicated in this process of NGO-led de-politicization (NGO-ization) of Palestinian womens movements. / Theoretical, cultural and international studies

Cette thèse se propose d’étudier la façon dont l’idée de mineur traverse l’œuvre de Pier Paolo Pasolini, que ce soit dans son sens linguistique et littéraire (rapport aux langues et aux auteurs dits « mineurs »), sociopolitique (présence des subalternes et des minorités), ou encore spirituel (« mineur » au sens franciscain). L’ensemble de la vaste production artistique et critique de l’auteur italien que nous prenons en considération semble en effet guidé par le désir de porter à la lumière et de valoriser ce qui d’ordinaire est dénigré, oublié et situé au bas des hiérarchies, quelles qu’elles soient : paysans frioulans, sous-prolétaires romains, peuples du Tiers Monde, langues et cultures périphériques, etc. Les notions de « minore » (« mineur ») et de « minoranza » (« minorité ») paraissent d’autant plus significatives et pertinentes qu’elles sont utilisées et problématisées par l’écrivain-cinéaste, de ses premiers essais littéraires à ses derniers articles et scénarios, à des moments clés de son parcours. Elles se révèlent en outre étroitement liées aux périodes de profondes transformations socio-culturelles que traverse l’Italie, dont elles se font le reflet antithétique. Alors que le prétendu « miracle économique » bat son plein au cœur des années 1960, la notion de mineur, centrée autour de l’idée d’infériorité et d’humilité, cède la place à la notion plus politique et polémique de minorité. Si cette dernière reprend certains traits de la précédente, elle se définit davantage comme altérité radicale et puissance de contestation des modèles dominants, tout en accentuant l’esthétique et la poétique de la contamination, selon lesquelles humilis et sublimis sont indissociables. / This PhD thesis intends to explore how the idea of minor is present throughout Pier Paolo Pasolini’s works, in its linguistic and literary sense (linked to languages and authors called « minors »), in its socio-political sense (presence of the subalterns and the minorities), or even in its spiritual sense (« minor » according to Franciscans). The extensive artistic and critical production of the Italian author who we consider, seems in fact to be guided by the will of highlighting and promoting what is usually depreciated, forgotten and situated at lower levels in every hierarchy : Friulian peasants, Roman sub-proletarians, people from the Third World, outlying languages and cultures, etc. The notions of minor and minorities are particularly significant and relevant, given that they are used and questionned by the writer and the director from his first literary essays to his last articles and scenarios, in key moments of his career. Furthermore, they appear closely associated to the period of deep socio-cultural changes that Italy is experiencing, hence the contradicting images they convey. While the so-called « economic miracle » is triumphal in the sixties, the notion of « minor », centered on the idea of inferiority and humility, is replaced by the more political and polemical notion of minority. If this last notion has some characteristics of the former one, it should also be defined as a radical alterity and contesting power of the dominant models, at the same time keeping the emphasis on the contamination esthetic and poetics, whereby humilis and sublimis are inseparable.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:16:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 830858 bytes, checksum: dbdf0f1aa907e353a09ef711391607dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Racial prejudice is a thoroughly discussed and relevant theme in Brazil, where efforts have been done to identify that influence its outbreak. Social values are important factors due to their assimilation of widely diffused structures among social groups, also encompassing individual and social aspects. That is why it is important to investigate the relationship between values and prejudice. This dissertation is composed by two studies. Empirical Study I aimed at analyzing the the relationship between values and the various expressions of racism. This study was conducted with two samples: the first one with 220 students from a private higher education institution from João Pessoa PB (150 women and 70 men, mean age 24 years, SD = 6.22). And the second one had 200 public university undergraduate students (135 women and 65 men, mean age 22 years, SD = 4.3) from the same city. The employed instruments were: Psychosocial values questionnaire (QVP-24), Perceived distances scale, Affirmative policies rejection scale, Intimacy rejection scale (flagrant prejudice) and Scale of Favorable Attitudes toward 1st and 3rd world. With the aim of verifying if there are differences between the values attributed by students to themselves and to social groups (black and white) comparisons of means were made (t-test). Results indicate that the students of both universities practically attribute to themselves values related to Social Justice and Personal Development, whereas Material and Hedonistic (3rd world) values are attributed to the white and Social Justice (1st world) is attributed to the black. Further, a factor analysis (Varimax rotation) to verify the internal structure of the scales and to confirm the internal consistency of factors. The employed scales presented acceptable reliability and validity indexes in both studies. Finally, with the aim of verifying if study variables Psychosocial Values, Proximity to Black and White, Favorable Attitude toward 1st and 3rd world, and sociodemographic variables (Independent Variables, IV) influence Flagrant and Symbolic Prejudice directly (Dependent Variable, DV), a multiple linear regression (stepwise method) was carried out. It could be verified that the adhesion to Hedonistic and Materialistic values, that having a favorable attitude toward first world countries and having a proximity with the white are predictors of prejudice expression, as well as the adhesion to Social Justice and Religiosity values and the proximity with black people presented a relationship with the non expression of prejudice. The initial assumption from the study stated that third world values would be attributed to the black, and first world values to the white, but results were inverted, which contributed to the conduction of another study. Empirical Study II aimed at verifying what social values are attributed by undergraduate students to 1st and 3rd world people. A total of 220 students from a public university of the city of João Pessoa (75 men and 145 women), with mean age of 21 years (SD = 3; min = 17 and max = 34) took part of the study. Students were asked to indicate, in order of importance, three of the 24 values from the QVP-24 that he or she would classify as First and Third World values. First world countries were associated with values related to Individual Development and Materialism, while values related to Social Justice, Professional Development, Hedonism and Religiosity were attributed to 3rd World countries. The results from the second study indicated that the initial assumptions of the first study were coherent. The study allows to consider the adhesion to values in direct relationship with the expression of racial prejudice, and that skin color (black and white) influences in value attribution. / O preconceito racial é um tema bastante discutido e relevante no Brasil, onde se tem buscado identificar os fatores que influenciam o seu surgimento. Um fator importante são os valores sociais que, por sua natureza, assimilam estruturas amplamente difundidas entre os grupos sociais e abrangem aspectos individuais e sociais. Por isso, a importância de se investigar a relação entre valores e preconceito. Esta dissertação é composta por dois estudos. O Estudo Empírico I teve o objetivo de analisar a relação existente entre os valores e diversas expressões do racismo. Este estudo foi realizado com duas amostras: a primeira com 220 estudantes de uma instituição de ensino superior particular de João Pessoa PB (150 mulheres e 70 homens, idade média de 24 anos, DP= 6,22). E a segunda com 200 estudantes de uma universidade pública (135 mulheres e 65 homens, idade média de 22 anos, DP= 4,3) da mesma cidade. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Questionário de valores psicossociais (QVP- 24), Escala de distâncias percebidas, Escala de Rejeição de políticas afirmativas, Escala de rejeição da intimidade (preconceito flagrante) e Escala de atitudes favoráveis ao 1º e 3º mundo. Com objetivo de verificar se existem diferenças entre os valores atribuídos pelos estudantes a si mesmos e aos grupos sociais (negros e brancos) foram realizadas comparação de médias (test-t). Os resultados indicam que os estudantes das duas universidades praticamente atribuem a si mesmos valores relacionados à Justiça Social e ao Desenvolvimento Pessoal, enquanto que aos brancos atribuem valores Materialistas e Hedonistas (3º mundo), e aos negros, valores de Justiça Social (1º mundo). Posteriormente, foi realizada uma análise dos componentes principais (rotação Varimax) para verificar a estrutura interna das escalas e para comprovar a consistência interna dos fatores. As escalas utilizadas apresentaram índices de fidedignidade e validade aceitáveis em ambas as pesquisas. Por fim, com o objetivo de identificar se variáveis do estudo, Valores Psicossociais, Proximidade ao Negro e ao Branco, Atitude Favorável ao 1º e ao 3º mundo, e variáveis sócio-demográficas (Variáveis Independentes), influenciam diretamente o Preconceito Flagrante e Simbólico (Variável Dependente), foi realizada uma regressão linear múltipla (método stepwise). Pode-se verificar que a adesão a valores Hedonistas e Materialistas, como ter uma atitude favorável a países de primeiro mundo, ter proximidade com o branco, são preditores da expressão do preconceito, assim como a adesão aos valores de Justiça Social e de Religiosidade e a proximidade com pessoas de cor negra apresentaram uma relação com a não expressão do preconceito. O pressuposto inicial do estudo afirmava que, ao negro, seriam atribuídos valores de terceiro mundo e, ao branco, de primeiro mundo, porém os resultados apresentaram o inverso, o que contribuiu para a realização de outro estudo. O Estudo Empírico II objetivou verificar quais os valores sociais que os estudantes universitários atribuem às pessoas de 1º e 3º mundo. Participaram do estudo 220 estudantes de uma Universidade Pública da cidade de João Pessoa-PB (75 homens e 145 mulheres), com idade média de 21 anos (DP= 3; min= 17 e máx= 34). Foi solicitado ao estudante que indicasse, em ordem de importância, três valores dos 24 valores do QVP-24, que ele classifica como valores de Primeiro Mundo e de Terceiro Mundo. Aos países de 1º mundo, foram relacionados valores vinculados ao Desenvolvimento Individual e ao Materialismo, enquanto que aos países de 3º mundo foram atribuídos valores relacionados à Justiça Social, Desenvolvimento Profissional, Hedonismo, e à Religiosidade. Os resultados do segundo estudo indicaram que os pressupostos iniciais do primeiro estudo estavam coerentes. O estudo permite considerar que a adesão aos valores tem relação direta com a expressão do preconceito racial, e que a cor de pele (negro e branco) influencia na atribuição dos valores.

The thesis of chis paper is that the predicrions of !ater human development based on a single event during early life generally have a weak interna! validiry. These limitations are not due to problems of study design but ro un erroneous conceptualization of the very nature of development. This is not determined by main effects but by the complex relationships among domains wirhin the organism and between the organism and the physical and che social environment. The propasa! is ro model human development as a probabilistic process that gradually shapes its developmental trajectory. / La tesis de este trabajo es que las predicciones sobre la dirección del desarrollo humano basándose en un solo evento ocurrido durante los primeros años de la vida generalmente tienen una débil validez interna. Las limitaciones de dichas predicciones no se deben a las limitaciones inherentes a los estudios que han puesto a prueba la validez de la predicción sino a una conceptualización errada sobre la naturaleza misma del desarrollo. Este no está determinado por efectos principales sino por complejas relaciones recíprocas entre los diferentes componentes del organismo y entre este y el ambiente físico y social. Se propone que hay que modelar el desarrollo como un proceso probabilístico cuya trayectoria se va forjando gradualmente.

A discussão em torno da degradação ambiental tem origem nos debates iniciados na década de 70. A presente dissertação se insere no escopo da crítica ecológica desenvolvida a partir da teoria do capital monopolista e de seus desdobramentos contemporâneos, ao incorporar as contribuições feitas por François Chesnais et all sobre a dominância financeira. O objetivo dessa dissertação é oferecer os paralelos existentes entre as politicas internacionais sobre o meio ambiente e a trajetória percorrida pela economia internacional ao longo dos últimos 30 anos. O contexto histórico no qual o tema se origina é o processo de endividamento dos países do Terceiro Mundo, e a implementação dos Programas de Ajuste Estruturais, a partir da década de 1980. A dissertação busca apresentar as permanências e as rupturas existentes entre os mecanismos de ajuste e as políticas internacionais voltadas ao meio ambiente, incluindo a ratificação do Protocolo de Quioto, processos desenvolvidos sob a mediação neoliberal. / The discussion of environmental degradation originates in debates started in the 70s. This thesis falls within the scope of the ecological critique developed from the theory of monopoly capital and its contemporary developments, to incorporate the contributions made by François Chesnais et all on the financial dominance. The objective of this dissertation is to provide the parallels between the international policies on the environment and the trajectory by the international economy over the last 30 years. The historical context in which the issue arises is the process of indebtedness of Third World countries, and the implementation of the Structural Adjustment Programs from the 1980s. The dissertation aims to show the continuities and ruptures between the adjustment mechanisms and international policies related to the environment , including the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol, developed under the mediation processes neoliberal.

The thesis aimes to quantify the population of the sample of the European Union member states born in the Third World Countries. The interpretation based on those migration data unveils the main push and pull factors fostering migration between the analzyed regions. The following part discusses social, cultural and economical impacts of immigration into the European Union from the Third World Countries. The last part reviews the migration and asylum legislation framework of the European Union.

Child marriage, usually regarded as an issue pertaining to the non-‘developed’ parts of the world, can still be found in the United States (US), though efforts to combat it shape foreign policy goals. Is child marriage represented as a ‘problem’ in the same way internally as externally, and how do human rights play a role? Using Bacchi’s “What’s the Problem Represented to be?” approach, the problem representations emerge, showing that child marriage functions as a ‘solution’ to welfare ‘problems’ in national policy, as an obstacle to economic prosperity in foreign policy; and as a ‘foreign’ culture ‘problem’ in immigration policy. Postcolonial feminist theory’s “Third World Girl” allows for a deeper understanding of some of the subjectivities these representations entail, and the biopolitical nature of the assumptions which underlie these problem representations are explored through Foucault’s theoretical work on sexuality and production.