Le résumé en français n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur. / Le résumé en anglais n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur.

Le développement de l’Internet, l’implantation des nouvelles technologies, et plus particulièrement des sites web a bouleversé le développement des activités touristiques. L’utilisation du site web comme outil stratégique permet de modifier l’organisation des tâches en interne et peut transformer le positionnement marketing des petits hôtels dans une période marquée par l’apparition de nouveaux concurrents tels les intermédiaires du tourisme. Les stratégies web des établissements du secteur hôtelier indépendant se révèlent toutefois, très différentes les unes des autres. L’étude des caractéristiques des petites organisations montre que le dirigeant porte plusieurs rôles d’initiateur, d’exécutant ou de modérateur dans l’utilisation de ces TI. L’analyse de la littérature suggère que l’appropriation des nouvelles technologies puisse être un facteur clé de la performance des entreprises.Cette recherche vise à étudier les implications organisationnelles de l’implantation de la stratégie web dans les petits hôtels en répondant à la problématique suivante : Existe-il, dans le cadre des PME, une relation entre l’appropriation des nouvelles technologies par le dirigeant et les effets de la stratégie web sur la performance de l’hôtel ? L’objectif de cette thèse est la recherche, via la construction d’un modèle, d’une meilleure compréhension de la relation entre l’appropriation des nouvelles technologies et le succès d’une stratégie web dans le contexte de l’hôtellerie française indépendante constituée de PME de service d’hébergement. Pour tester ce modèle, nous avons choisi une analyse quantitative par la méthode des équations structurelles sur un échantillon de 266 petits hôtels français. Les résultats confirment les liens positifs entre niveau de maturité de la stratégie web (1), appropriation des nouvelles technologies par le dirigeant (2) et les résultats (endogènes et managériaux) et l’alignement organisationnel dans l’hôtel. / The development of the Internet and ICT, and the integration of new technologies, particularly websites have revolutionised the development of tourism. The website as a strategic tool can change the internal organisation of tasks and can transform the marketing positioning of small scale hotels. However, the web strategy of independent hotels seem is not all the same as each other. In small organisations, the leader has many roles: initiator, implementer or moderator in the use of IT. The literature analysis suggests that the leader’s appropriation of new technologies seems to be a key factor in business performance.Thus, this research analysis the organisational implications of the implementation of web strategy in small scale hotels. Our research question will be: Which kind of relationship between SMEs appropriation of new technologies by the leader and the effects of the web strategy on the performance of hotel?This thesis looks for a better understanding of the relationship between the appropriation of new technologies and a successful web strategy in the context of the French hotel industry, which offers hosting services in small independent structures.To answer this question, we built a model and we chose a quantitative analysis of a sample of 266 small French hotels. The research model tested by the method of structural equation confirms the positive relationship between the level of maturity of the web strategy (1), the appropriation of new technologies of the leader (2) and outputs (endogenous and managerial) and organizational alignment in the hotel.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Cette étude est orientée sur les céramiques réfractaires des métaux de transition, comme le carbure de titane et de zirconium, envisagées pour leurs caractéristiques de résistance en conditions extrêmes. Ces céramiques seraient soumises à différentes sources d'irradiation (les neutrons, les produits de fission, les désintégrations alpha) dans les futurs réacteurs de génération IV. Les rayonnements rencontrés en réacteur peuvent être simulés par des irradiations externes à l'aide d'accélérateurs de particules, en utilisant des ions variés dans une large gamme d'énergie. Ces instruments permettent de reproduire en conditions contrôlées l'endommagement subi par des les matériaux internes aux centrales nucléaires.Dans un tel contexte radiatif, deux processus majeurs gouvernent l'endommagement des matériaux: les collisions nucléaires induites par les irradiations avec des ions de faible énergie (comme les noyaux de recul) et les excitations électroniques intervenant dans les irradiations avec des ions de grande énergie (comme les produits de fission). La prédominance de l'un ou de l'autre de ces processus est reliée à la masse et à l'énergie de la particule accélérée. Pour comprendre la contribution de chaque effet dans les mécanismes d'endommagement des structures cristallines soumises à des irradiations, nous avons simulé des rayonnements impliquant, d'une part, des ions de basse énergie, i.e. de quelques MeV et, d'autre part, des ions de grande énergie, i.e. de quelques centaines de MeV. Les principaux objectifs de ce travail ont été: (i) d'étudier le comportement de ces deux carbures sous irradiation, (ii) de déterminer les modifications structurales, chimiques et mécaniques induites par les effets nucléaires et électroniques, (iii) de comprendre les mécanismes d'endommagement dans ces carbures dans le régime nucléaire et (iv) d'essayer d'expliquer les résultats expérimentaux par les calculs obtenus en simulation.Pour cela, différentes techniques de caractérisation ont été combinées afin d'expliquer le scénario de ces carbures sous irradiation avec comme référence, le carbure de silicium SiC très étudié par le passé. Ces techniques complémentaires sont: la spectrométrie de rétrodiffusion de Rutherford en mode canalisé (RBS-C), la diffraction des rayons X (DRX), la spectroscopie Raman, la microscopie électronique en transmission (MET) et la nanoindentation. La combinaison de ces techniques expérimentales ainsi que la simulation a permis de conforter nos résultats et les différentes hypothèses formulées. Nous avons pu établir ainsi un scénario pour ces deux types de carbures TiC et ZrC sous irradiation aux ions. / This study is focused on the ceramic refractory transition metals, such as titanium carbide and zirconium envisaged to their strength characteristics under extreme conditions. These ceramics are subject to various sources of radiation (neutrons, fission products, the alpha decays) in future generation reactors IV. Radiation encountered in the reactor can be simulated by external irradiation with particle accelerators, using various ions in a wide energy range. These instruments can reproduce in controlled conditions damage suffered by nuclear materials.In such radiative context, two major processes govern damages into the materials: nuclear collisions induced by irradiation with low energy ions (like the recoil nuclei) and electronic excitations involved in irradiation with high-energy ions (such as fission products). The predominance of one of these processes is connected to the mass and energy of the accelerated particle. To understand the contribution of each effect in the damage mechanisms of crystal structures subjected to irradiation, we simulated radiation involving, on the one hand, low energy ions, i.e. a few MeV and, secondly, high energy ions, i.e. a few hundred MeV. The main objectives of this work were: (i) to study the behavior of these two carbides under irradiation, (ii) determine the structural, chemical and mechanical changes induced by nuclear and electronic effects, (iii) understand the damage mechanisms in these carbides in the nuclear regime and (iv) to try to explain the experimental results obtained by simulation calculations.For this, various characterization techniques were combined to explain the scenario of these carbides under irradiation as a reference, the silicon carbide SiC extensively studied in the past. These additional techniques are: Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry in channeling mode (RBS-C), the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and nanoindentation. The combination of these experimental techniques and simulation helped to consolidate our results and various assumptions. We were able to establish a scenario for these two types of carbides TiC and ZrC under ion irradiation.

OBJETIVO: Describir el uso académico de las TIC’S más usadas, por los estudiantes universitarios de la Escuela Académico Profesional de Tecnología Médica de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. MATERIAL Y METODOS: La presente investigación observacional, descriptivo. Dependiendo del tiempo de ocurrencia de eventos y registros de información es prospectiva. De acuerdo con el período y la secuencia de estudio es transversal. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron en el estudio 300 estudiantes de la Escuela Académico Profesional de Tecnología Medica de los diferentes años, según los criterios de selección. Se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: La red social más usada por los estudiantes es Facebook con un 97.7%. El 62.3% de los estudiantes dedica regular tiempo a las herramientas de las redes sociales, entre las principales los mensajes privados, chat y grupos. La actividad académica más utilizada en redes sociales es para estar al día de lo que ocurre en el curso con una media de 4.11, seguido por, hacer trabajos en clase con una media de 3.73 e intercambiar documentación y recursos útiles para el curso con una media de 3.57. CONCLUSIONES: La red social más utilizada por los estudiantes universitarios de la Escuela Académico Profesional de Tecnología Medica es Facebook. Los estudiantes le dedican regular tiempo a las herramientas en redes sociales. Las actividades académicas más utilizadas en redes sociales son: estar al día de lo que ocurre en el curso, hacer trabajos en clase, e intercambiar documentación y recursos útiles para el curso. PALABRAS CLAVES: TIC’S, Estudiantes Universitarios. / --- OBJETIVE: Describe the academic use of ICTs most used by university students in the Academic Professional School of Medical Technology of the National University of San Marcos. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present research observational, descriptive. Depending on the time of occurrence of events and records information is prospective. According to the period and sequence of study it is transversal. RESULTS: 300 students from the Academic Professional School of Medical Technology of different years are included in the study, according to the selection criteria. The following results were obtained: The social network most used by students is Facebook with 97.7%. 62.3% of students regularly devotes time to social networking tools, the main private messages, chat and groups. The academic activity most widely used social networks it is to keep abreast of what is happening on the course with an average of 4.11, followed by, to do work in class with an average of 3.73 and exchange documents and resources for the course with an average 3.57. CONCLUSIONS: The most used social network for college students of the Academic Professional School of Medical Technology is Facebook. Students regularly devote time to social networking tools. The academic activities in social networks most used are: keeping abreast of what happens in the course, do work in class, and exchange documents and resources for the course. KEYWORDS: TIC’S, University Students.

Thesis--University of Washington. / Vita. Bibliography: leaves [66]-71.

Submitted by AFFONSO MANOEL RIGHI LANG null (affonsollang@hotmail.com) on 2016-07-14T13:48:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de mestrado Affonso Manoel Righi Lang.pdf: 1693502 bytes, checksum: afae7462d86cb9ff65b7a25954867fcb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-07-18T19:55:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lang_amr_me_rcla.pdf: 1693502 bytes, checksum: afae7462d86cb9ff65b7a25954867fcb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T19:55:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lang_amr_me_rcla.pdf: 1693502 bytes, checksum: afae7462d86cb9ff65b7a25954867fcb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) são cada vez mais comuns nos educandários do Brasil. Um dos principais programas de inserção das TIC nas escolas brasileiras foi o PROUCA, que destinou um Laptop Educacional para cada aluno das instituições de ensino participantes. Estudos apontam que tanto no PROUCA, como em educandários que receberam aparatos tecnológicos por meio de outros programas, o uso das TIC nem sempre esteve direcionado a modificar as experiências de aprendizagem, sendo muitas vezes utilizadas com o propósito de fortalecer o processo tradicional de ensino. Neste contexto, pelos menos desde 2006, um conjunto de estudos tem elaborado um modelo teórico denominado Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), com o propósito de compreender quais conhecimentos são mobilizados pelos professores para utilizar as TIC em sala de aula, particularmente, na perspectiva de potencializar experiências de aprendizagens significativas. O modelo apresenta o TPACK como a capacidade de determinado professor reconhecer as potencialidades no uso de algumas TIC para melhorar e/ou expandir o conhecimento do aluno sobre determinado conteúdo. Por outro lado, os estudos sobre o TPACK não têm aprofundado as pesquisas em relação ao processo de transformação desse conhecimento quando os professores se envolvem em processos de formação continuada. Em outras palavras, pouco se sabe quais são os entraves e as experiências que podem potencializar o desenvolvimento do TPACK de professores que usam pouco as TIC em sala de aula. Por este motivo, este estudo propôs uma pesquisa qualitativa em uma escola do noroeste gaúcho que está inserida no projeto um computador por aluno (PROUCA). A pesquisa visou analisar o desenvolvimento do Conhecimento Tecnológico e Pedagógico de Conteúdos de professores do Ensino Fundamental participantes de um grupo colaborativo de formação continuada sobre a o uso de ferramentas digitais em sala de aula. O estudo foi constituído de três momentos: (A) diagnóstico inicial com o intuito de conhecer o contexto da instituição e o uso das TIC na escola, (B) desenvolvimento de encontros de formação continuada colaborativa que visou problematizar o uso das TIC em sala de aula, bem como estudar possibilidades de uso das mesmas, (C) entrevistas finais para potencialmente capturar as possíveis modificações do TPACK das docentes envolvidas. Os resultados obtidos na fase “A” mostraram-se parecidos aos visualizados em outros estudos. Durante esse período, foram identificadas dificuldades em utilizar as TIC como ferramentas que auxiliassem no movimento de ensino-aprendizagem, pois normalmente as propostas seguiam um caminho direcionado à busca de informação para responder perguntas repassadas pelas docentes. O estudo mostrou também alguns apontamentos sobre a necessidade de as professoras compreenderem a diferença conceitual entre meio de ensino e processos de ensino. Além disso, foi percebida a necessidade de elaborarem propostas de uso das TIC como Ferramentas Cognitivas, possibilitando aos alunos serem sujeitos ativos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Uma dificuldade notada foi o não desligamento do cotidiano em sala de aula para pensar novas possibilidades. / The information and communication technologies (TIC) are becoming increasingly common in schools in Brazil. One of the main insertion programs of TIC in Brazilian schools was PROUCA, which allocated a Laptop Education for each student participating educational institutions. Studies show that both PROUCA, the schools receiving technological devices through other programs, the use of TIC has not always been directed to modify the learning experiences, often used for the purpose of strengthening the traditional process of education. In this context, at least since 2006, a number of studies have developed a theoretical model called Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), in order to understand what knowledge is mobilized by teachers to use TIC in the classroom, particularly in view to enhance the experiences of meaningful learning. The model shows the TPACK as the ability of a particular teacher recognize the potential use of some TIC to improve and/or expand the student's knowledge about certain content. On the other hand, studies have TPACK depth research on the process of transformation of this knowledge when teachers engage in continuing education processes. In other words, little is known what are the barriers and experiences that can enhance the development of TPACK teachers who make little use of ICT in the classroom. For this reason, this study proposed a qualitative research in a gaucho Northwest school that is part of the project one computer per student (PROUCA). The research aimed to analyze the development of Technological Knowledge and Pedagogical Content of elementary school teachers participating in a collaborative group of continuing training on the use of digital tools in the classroom. The study consisted of three stages: (A) initial diagnosis in order to meet the institution's context and the use of TIC in school, (B) the development of collaborative continuing education meetings that aimed to question the use of the room in TIC class and study use the same opportunities, (C) final interviews to potentially capture TPACK possible modifications of the teachers involved. The results obtained in phase "A" is shown displayed, similar to other studies. During this period, difficulties were identified in using TIC as a tool that would help in the teaching-learning movement, because normally the proposals followed a path directed to the search for information to answer questions forwarded by teachers. The study also showed some notes about the need for teachers to understand the conceptual difference between means of teaching and learning processes. In addition, the need to draw up proposals use of TIC as Cognitive Tools was perceived, enabling students to be active subjects in the teaching-learning process. A noticeable difficulty was not routine shutdown in class to think about new possibilities.

Magíster en Educación Mención Informática Educativa / El propósito del presente estudio es analizar comparativamente las actividades que utilizan las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) planteadas en los textos escolares de Ciencias Naturales de segundo ciclo básico, entregados por el Ministerio de Educación (MINEDUC), con las habilidades declaradas por la Matriz de Habilidades TIC para el Aprendizaje. Este estudio asume las premisas teóricas del constructivismo en su visión del estudiante como agente activo en el proceso de aprendizaje y del docente innovador y responsable de mediar y proporcionar los recursos apropiados para lograr los aprendizajes. Este estudio a su vez corresponde a un estudio cualitativo con un enfoque hermenéutico comprensivo cuyo objetivo de estudio son los textos escolares de Ciencias Naturales

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Aujourd’hui, en tournant la page du chapitre sombre de la guerre civile au Liban qui a frappé le pays pendant quinze ans, et après toutes ces années de guerre, de mort et de destruction que le pays a vécu malgré ses conflits, le germe du confessionnalisme demeure présent dans sa mosaïque constitutionnelle. Une question se pose : une culture de l’après-guerre est-elle possible ? La guerre a laissé des traces profondes certes, mais la société civile se mobilise et c’est particulièrement dans le domaine artistique où elle trouve une issue. Par ailleurs, la diversité de la population libanaise, composée de différents groupes ethniques et religieux, a contribué au métissage culturel d’un pays en perpétuelle ébullition artistique. À l’heure actuelle où Internet et réseaux sociaux, applications du Web 2.0 et dispositifs numériques envahissent notre quotidien, et à l’avènement des TIC qui ont permis le développement d’une économie totalement nouvelle à savoir numérique, appelée aussi économie d’Internet, les producteurs et les consommateurs ont modifié leur comportement. Il est important de questionner le rôle et l’impact des nouvelles technologies d’information et de communication dans la culture virtuelle au Liban, en nous appuyant sur les pratiques d’artistes contemporains « engagés » et leur présence « en ligne ». Quels messages utilisent-ils pour promouvoir leurs idées et leur art ? Dans cette optique, nous recensons les principaux acteurs de la médiation numérique afin de faire émerger les pratiques culturelles les plus pertinentes des différentes institutions au Liban. Tels sont les enjeux auxquels, entre autres, nous nous intéressons dans notre réflexion. / Today, turning the dark page of lebanese civil war chapter that hit the country for fifteen years, and after all these years of war, death and destruction that the country has lived despite its conflicts, the germ of sectarianism remains present in its constitutional mosaic. Where is the question that arises : will there be a postwar period for culture ? The war left deep traces of course, but civil society is mobilising and it is particularly in the arts where it finds the outcome. Moreover, diversity of the Lebanese population, composed of different ethnic and religious groups, has contributed to the cultural melting pot of a country in its perpetual artistic boil. Currently, social medias and Internet network, Web 2.0 applications and digital devices invade our daily life, and the advent of ICTs which have enabled the development of a completely new economy that is one of the digital economy, called Internet economy also, producers and consumers have changed their behavior. It is important to question the role and impact of new ICT technologies of virtual culture in Lebanon, relying on contemporary artists practices who are "committed" with their "online" status. What messages do they use to promote their ideas and art ? In this context, we identify the key players of the digital mediation to bring out the most relevant cultural practices of different institutions in Lebanon. Such are the challenges, among others, in which we are interested in our thinking.