Hyperacusis is a condition in which sufferers experience everyday sounds in their surroundings as unmanageable and disturbing. The condition is often associated with symptoms such fatigue, headaches, sleep disturbances and difficulties concentrating. Present study aimed to investigate how people are affected when exposed to noise over time. This was operationalized by collecting data from essentially three domains; subjective, physiological and cognitive. Since hyperacusis is largely defined by the individuals’ subjective experience, participants were divided into three groups based on their own subjective reports of discomfort during an exposure to white noise (60db). Cognitive performance was assessed using two well established measurements in the beginning and the end of the exposure session. Contrary to expectations, the groups did not differ significantly in cognitive performance. Heart rate variability was measured during the exposure session and was hypothesized to be lower in participants experiencing higher discomfort. As expected, the groups differed in their expressed variability in the direction of the hypothesis.

Inledning: I Sverige har en debatt om egenterapin som obligatoriskt moment i psykoterapeututbildningen växt fram, där delade meningar finns kring egenterapins betydelse för den professionella utvecklingen. Trots att det undersökts i en mängd studier visar översiktsstudier genomgående en otydlighet i definitionen kring såväl terapi som yrkeserfarenhet och dess betydelse för den professionella utvecklingen. Syftet med studien är därför att undersöka psykodynamiskt orienterade psykoterapeuters uppfattning av egenterapins betydelse för professionsutvecklingen, utifrån en tydlig definition och avgränsning av såväl egenterapi som yrkeserfarenhet. Frågeställning: Hur uppfattar psykodynamiskt inriktade psykoterapeuter att egenterapin påverkar deras professionsutveckling? Metod: En kvalitativ metod med hermeneutisk grund har använts. Genom fem semistrukturerade intervjuer insamlades material som sedan analyserats med induktiv, tematisk analys. Resultat: Egenterapin uppfattas viktig för professionsutvecklingen av de psykoterapeuter som deltagit i studien. Resultatet visar att respondenternas uppfattning är att egenterapin är viktig för kvaliteten på det professionella arbetet. Respondenterna beskriver att det omedvetna som teoretiskt perspektiv är en viktig aspekt av egenterapins betydelse för professionsutvecklingen. Samtliga respondenter uppger att, även om motivationen för egenterapi kan se olika ut, uppfattas den som nödvändig för deras professionella utveckling. Diskussion: De tydliga resultaten i denna studie diskuteras mot tidigare forsknings varierande resultat. Undersökningen stödjer argumenten för noggrann differentiering vid utforskning av området.

Research within positive psychology has shown that spending money on other people (prosocial spending) makes you happier than spending it on yourself (proself spending). The present study tested and extended this idea. Also, how an active or a passive choice in spending affect happiness has been tested. Lastly, this study is the first one to test the effect of nudging on happiness by examining the role of choice, defaults in spending. Three measures of subjective well-being (SWB) was used before and after the manipulation. The web experiment consisted of 788 people recruited from a web-based research company that were randomized to five conditions. Participants played a game and won money, of which some could be donated to a charity organization - representing prosocial spending. The results show that prosocial spending makes people happier than proself spending and that active choices elicit significantly more negative affects than passive choices. A default effect was also found, in so that more people chose proself spending when this was the default. Lastly, the greatest effect on happiness is to change from a default, compared to following a default or doing an active choice without a default. The results are in line with findings in positive psychology as well as theories suggesting that people feel less satisfied and happy when making decisions.

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Inledning: Att undersöka hur psykoterapeuterarbetar kliniskt med patienter som har svårigheter med mentalisering kan ge en tydligare uppfattning om vad som är hjälpsamt i skapandet av behandlingsallians. Psykoterapiforskning har visat att olika typer av interventioner kan vara verksamma i fråga om att skapa behandlingsallians. I denna studie undersöks vilka interventionstyperfem psykoterapeuter beskriver sig använda i försök att skapa behandlingsallians med patienter som har svårigheter med mentalisering. Frågeställningar: Vilka interventionstyperuppleverpsykodynamiskt orienterade psykoterapeuter är till hjälp för att skapa behandlingsallians med patienter som har svårt att mentalisera? Metod: I undersökningen tillämpades en kvalitativ, deskriptiv metod där data samlades in med hjälp av ljudinspelade, semistrukturerade intervjuer. Bearbetningsmetoden som används är tematisk analys. Resultat: Studien visar terapeuters olika syn på vad som är till hjälp när det handlar omatt skapa behandlingsallians hos personer som har svårt att mentalisera. Trots skillnader i teoretiska förhållningssätt trädde fyra gemensamma teman fram. De fyra centrala temanasom trädde fram i bearbetningen av intervjuerna var affekter, transparens, samarbete samt överföring. Diskussion: De beskrivna interventionstypernaochhur interventioner regleras efter reflektionsförmågadiskuteras. Vilka interventiontypersom upplevsverksamma jämförs med aktuell teoribildningi ämnet. Det framkommer olika teoretiska referensramar angående hur interventionstyperna skapas. Trotsolikateoretiska referensergår det att utkristalliseragemensamma interventionstyper.

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In this paper, binaural beats were used as stimuli to induce Gamma neural activity in the brains of 18 participants with the purpose to see if the effect enhanced memory and/or speech perception. Participants conducted a word-list recall task, followed by a speech-in-noise task under three conditions: before Gamma stimulus, after Gamma stimulus, and after a placebo stimulus. The results showed that the method works to boost Gamma neural activity, but that neither memory nor speech-perception was significantly affected by the stimulus. The conclusion is that binaural beats is unreliable as a method to enhance memory and speech-perception in humans.

Everyday people seek pleasant experiences, acting in ways they believe will lead to emotional gratification. By engaging with the world people learn about which actions lead to certain outcomes and use this information to navigate their environment. Ultimately, this knowledge helps people to improve their decision-making in order to increase positive emotions.This paper seeks to investigate this process of learning about and seeking out pleasant experiences. To understand the choices people make, I propose a theoretical framework of decision-making based on two components: learning and emotions. Reinforcement learning provides a computational model for how agents receive information from the environment about the outcome of different actions. This form of learning is coupled with psychological theories of emotion, explaining how affect plays an important role in shaping decisions.The paper describes research conducted to empirically test the validity of this approach. In the experiment, participant affect was measured during a gambling task in which participants made decisions under uncertainty. Results from the study suggest that people do in fact have affective responses to choice outcomes, and that they are able to utilize this information to improve decision-making.

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka kvinnliga mellanchefers upplevelser av arbetstillfredsställelse, lojalitet mot organisationen och betydelsefulla faktorer för att vilja stanna kvar i en mansdominerad gruvindustri. Studien utgick från en kvalitativ metod och sju semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes. Insamlade data analyserades genom induktiv tematisk analys. Resultatet visade att majoriteten av respondenterna upplevde stark arbetstillfredsställelse, där betydelsefulla faktorer tolkades vara en bra chef, goda medarbetare, att passa in, känslan av att bidra, meningsfulla arbetsuppgifter, tillit, respekt, kompetensutveckling, att få uppskattning samt en positiv bild av en mansdominerad kultur. Samtliga faktorer förutom kompetensutveckling tolkades också vara betydelsefulla för varför respondenterna stannar inom gruvindustrin. Resultatet visade att majoriteten av respondenterna upplevde starkast lojalitet mot sitt yrke, några mot arbetsplatsen, få mot organisationen, men ingen kände lojalitet mot gruvindustrin. Faktorer som tolkades påverka respondenternas lojalitet var att de relaterade till organisationens värderingar, hade meningsfulla arbetsuppgifter samt upplevde en känsla av förpliktelse till sociala relationer. / The purpose of the study was to examine how female middle managers perceived their job satisfaction, their organizational commitment and important factors to want to stay in a male-dominated mining industry. The purpose was examined by a qualitative method where data was collected from seven semi-structured interviews. Data was analyzed by using an inductive thematic analysis. The result showed that the majority of the participants experienced a strong job satisfaction. Important factors to experience a strong job satisfaction was perceived to be a good manager, great co-workers, to fit in, a sense of contributing, meaningful task assignments, trust, respect, competence development, to get appreciation and a positive idea of a male-dominated culture. All of the above-named factors except competence development was perceived to be important for why the respondents stay in the mining industry. The result showed that the majority of the participants experienced the strongest loyalty towards their profession, a few felt loyalty towards the workplace, very few towards the organization but none experienced loyalty towards the mining industry. Factors which impacted the loyalty of the participants was to relate to the values of the organization, having meaningful task assignments and the sense of obligation towards social relations.