Time management is one of the critical modules of safety-critical systems. Applications need strong assurance from the operating system that their hard real-time requirements are met. Partitioned system has recently evolved as a means to provide protection to safety critical applications running on an Avionics computer resource. Each partition has an application running strictly for a specified duration. These applications use the CPU on a cyclic basis. Applications running on a real-time systems request the service of time management in one way or the other. An application may request for a time-out while waiting for a resource, may voluntarily relinquish the CPU for some delay time or may have deadline before which it is expected to complete its tasks. These requests must be handled in a deterministic and accurate way with lower overheads. Time management within an operating system uses the hardware timers to service the time-out requests. The three well-known approaches for handling timer requests are tick-based, one-shot and firm timer. Traditionally tick-based has been the most popular approach that relies on periodic interrupt timer, although it has a poor accuracy. One-shot timer approach provides better accuracy as the timer interrupt can be generated exactly when required. Firm timers use soft timers in combination with one-shot timer wherein the expired timers are checked at strategic points in the kernel. The thesis compares the performance of these three approaches for partitioned systems and provides an insight about the suitability of the approaches. The thesis presents tick-based and one-shot timer algorithms that handle time-out requests of real-time applications running on a partitioned system by adhering to time partitioning rules. It compares the performance of these algorithms. It presents an one-shot timer algorithm named hierarchical multiple linked lists and the experimental results proves that the algorithm performs better than other conventional linked list based one-shot timer algorithms. The thesis also analyzes the timing behavior of real-time applications for partitioned systems. The hard real-time system under consideration is avionics system and an indigenously developed ARINC-653 compliant real-time operating system has been used to measure the performance.

Titel: “Jag hinner aldrig igenom min ‘to do’-lista” Undertitel: En dagboksstudie om hur heltidsanställda med flexibelt arbete använder sin tid Författare: Cecilia Bergqvist och Larglinda Sopaj Handledare: Jean-Charles Languilaire Nivå: Kandidatuppsats inom företagsekonomi, vårterminen 2019 (15 hp) Nyckelord: flextid, flexibelt arbete, övertid, work-life conflict, gränslöst arbete, time, time management Forskningsfråga: Hur använder heltidsanställda med flexibelt arbete sin tid? Syfte: Att beskriva hur heltidsanställda med flexibelt arbete använder sin tid. Metod: Studien bygger på ett praktiskt problem med begränsad tidigare forskning om ämnet. Därför tillämpades ett induktivt tillvägagångssätt för att svara på studiens syfte. Forskarnas vetenskapliga förhållningssätt är hermeneutiskt. Empiriska data samlades in genom kvalitativa och kvantitativa frågor och analyserades därefter på ett kvalitativt sätt som en tematisk analys. Empirisk insamling: Empiriska data samlades in genom en dagbok på 5-arbetsdagar, rapporterad av 15 deltagare. För att delta i dagbokstudien krävdes att individen uppfyllde två kriterier, att: 1) vara heltidsanställda och 2) ha flexibla arbetstider. Dagboken innehöll både kvalitativa och kvantitativa frågor. Resultat och slutsats: Eftersom resultatet visar på att 73,3% av deltagarna arbetade övertid, är det då rimligt att dra slutsatsen att flexibelt arbete kan leda till att individer arbetar övertid. På grund av att deltagarna arbetade övertid påverkades deltagarnas fritid ofta negativt. Många av deltagarna hade konflikter mellan arbetsrollen och privatrollen, vilket resulterade i att dessa roller var inkompatibla. Konflikterna visades ofta genom att deltagarna avbokade eller bortprioriterade fysiska aktiviteter på grund av övertid. Resultatet visade på att anställda hade god time management och använde sin tid effektivt, men obalans mellan inflöde och utflöde av arbetsuppgifter resulterade i att anställda ofta kände att de inte hann klart med sina arbetsuppgifter. Resultaten visade även ett svagt positivt samband mellan nöjdhet över dagens arbetsinsats och påverkat välmående. Deltagarna som hade barn som bodde hemma brukade ofta ha ett mer strukturerade arbetsrutiner, medan individer som inte var föräldrar eller barnen hade flyttat hemifrån, brukade ofta ha mindre strukturerade arbetsrutiner. / Title: “I never have enough time to finish my to-do list” Subtitle: A diary study showing how full-time employees with flexible working hours use their time. Authors: Cecilia Bergqvist and Larglinda Sopaj Advisor: Jean-Charles Languilaire Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, Spring 2019 (15 credits) Keywords: flextime, flexible work, overtime, work-life conflict, boundaryless work, time, time management Question: How do full-time employees with flexible working hours use their time? Purpose: Describe how full-time employees with flexible working hours use their time. Method: The study is based on a practical problem with limited previous studies on the matter. Therefore, an inductive approach was implemented to answer the purpose of the study and the researchers’ scientific approach to data is hermeneutic. Empirical data was collected through qualitative and quantitative questions, and thereafter analyzed in a qualitative manner as a thematic analysis. Empirical framework: Empirical data was collected by a 5-workday diary reported by 15 participants. To participate in the diary study, an individual had to meet two criteria: (1) they must be full-time employee and (2) must have flexible working hours. The diary included both qualitative and quantitative-based questions. Results and conclusion: Since the results show that 73.3% of participants were working overtime, it is reasonable to conclude that flexible working hours can lead to individuals working overtime. Furthermore, due to the overtime, participants’ spare time was often affected negatively. Indeed, many participants had work-life conflicts, where the work-life and the private life were incompatible. This phenomenon is evident through reported cancelled or rebooked physical training due to extended working hours. Additionally, participants who had minor children usually had a more coherent and predictable working schedule. On the other hand, individuals who were not parents of minor children had less coherent and less predictable working schedule. The results from the study also showed that the participants had good time management and used their time effectively, but the consistent imbalance between ingoing work tasks and outgoing work tasks resulted in participants often felt like they never finished their task assignments. The results also showed a slight positive correlation between satisfaction over the work effort of the day and the impact on well-being

This study assumes that time management may contribute to the personal strategic planning through optimization of its implementation in order to enhance the performance and results of people, both at work and in personal life. The main goal of this study is to propose a time management model that contributes to personal strategic planning. In order to achieve it, this study broaches strategic planning, personal strategic planning and time management. Thus, it was possible to create a methodological, theoretical and conceptual framework of reference. The models of personal planning that were described showed that time factor and time management are relevant. The adopted methodology consisted of a qualitative research of exploratory character, having bibliographical research as a technical procedure to collect the data. The literature review allowed us to identify key elements to the composition of the Time Management Model proposed. The results reveal a model of time management represented by a logical and sequential method, which involves important technical and behavioral factors detected in the bibliography. The proposed Model represents a continuous process described in two linked steps: planning and management. Planning involves three steps: time audit (real situation), time leverage (ideal situation) and time framing (weekly and daily planning and priorization). While the management involves two steps: execution, which involves technical and behavioral aspects to improve time use, dealing with environmental and information organization, delegation of duties, denial of tasks, procrastination and among other time wasters; and control, which consists of daily monitoring and weekly assessment. In conclusion, it can be inferred that time management can contribute to personal strategic planning since it systematizes its implementation and, therefore, it can provide benefits to people's lives in order to make better use of your time and achieve better results. It was noticed also that the theme is relevant and emergent as well as important for further investigations. / O presente estudo partiu do pressuposto de que a gestão do tempo pode contribuir com o planejamento estratégico pessoal, por meio da otimização de sua implementação, a fim de potencializar o desempenho e os resultados das pessoas, tanto no trabalho como na vida pessoal. O objetivo principal consiste em propor um modelo de gestão do tempo para contribuir com o planejamento estratégico pessoal. Para atingí-lo, o estudo abordou o planejamento estratégico, o planejamento estratégico pessoal e a gestão do tempo. Com isso, foi possível formar um quadro metodológico, teórico e conceitual de referência. Os modelos de planejamento pessoal descritos tornaram relevante o fator tempo e a gestão do tempo. A metodologia de trabalho adotada constituiu-se de pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, utilizando como procedimento técnico para coleta de dados a pesquisa bibliográfica. A análise da literatura permitiu identificar elementos essenciais para a composição do Modelo de gestão do tempo proposto. Os resultados obtidos revelam um modelo de gestão do tempo representado por um método lógico e sequencial, envolvendo fatores técnicos e comportamentais importantes detectados na bibliografia. O Modelo proposto configura-se em um processo contínuo descrito em duas etapas interligadas: planejamento e gerenciamento. O planejamento é composto por três fases: auditoria do tempo (situação real), alavancagem do tempo (situação ideal) e enquadramento do tempo (planejamento semanal, planejamento diário e priorização). O gerenciamento constitui-se de duas fases: execução, que envolve aspectos técnicos e comportamentais para melhorar o aproveitamento do tempo, tratando sobre organização de ambientes e de informações, delegação de tarefas, negação de tarefas, procrastinação e outros desperdiçadores de tempo; e controle, composto por monitoramento diário e avaliação semanal. Como conclusão, é possível inferir que a gestão do tempo pode contribuir com o planejamento estratégico pessoal, pois sistematiza a sua implementação, e, consequentemente, pode propiciar benefícios à vida das pessoas no sentido de aproveitarem melhor o seu tempo e atingirem melhores resultados. Percebeu-se que a temática é relevante e emergente, havendo espaço para seu aprofundamento em futuras investigações.

The purpose of this study is to document how much time teachers in a large suburban school district expend on their professional responsibilities at home and at school. The study also documents the time usage and allocation through the relationships of teaching experience and teaching grade level assignment. Fairfax County Public Schools and all school systems are facing increasing demands for educational reform. Teacher responsibilities have continued to increase with many current reform initiatives. Consequently the associated time for reform implementation, with increased demands is not limitless. Current time usage documentation is important data needed in future educational reform decisions. Two hundred and thirty-one randomly selected teachers completed a questionnaire regarding the time spent working in an average week for Fairfax County Public Schools. The results of this study are reported in total time spent on tasks associated with their professional responsibility both at home and school; and time spent specifically on; individual planning, group/team planning, assessment, instructional contact, career and staff development and parent communication. The mean hours per week reported in this survey was fifty-nine hours per week. T-Tests comparisons revealed Significant differences in three categories at the .10 level of confidence; first year teachers spend less time in staff development, middle school teachers spend more time in team planning and elementary teachers spend less time in team planning. There were no significant findings in any other areas of data analysis. T-Tests were utilized to examine Significant differences in time distribution between means in the following demographic areas; years of teaching experience and grade level assignment. Reviews of literature reveal a few studies of teacher time documentation exist in England and West Germany. This study is one of the first in the United States documenting teacher time usage in a large suburban school district. The interpretive results from this study provide data for strategic planning for educational reform and suggest areas for further research in teacher time usage. / Ed. D.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

1 leaf folds out. Photos glued in. / Digitized by Kansas State University Libraries

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 C37 / Master of Science

Text in Afrikaans / The aim of this study is to design a program that will prevent the manifestation of burnout. The focus is on mobilising the high profile adolescent with the necessary life skills in order to counter the development of burnout. The emphasis is thus on pro-active action rather than providing a therapeutical approach. Qualitative and quantitative time management strategies become the key to equip a person with the life skills to avoid burnout. Man is to a great extent the architect of his own burnout, but can with the implementation of certain strategies put into place the necessary skills to counter burnout. The study implements a qualitative research paradigm whereby the researcher acts as an ethnographer. The life stories of six high profile adolescents are ethnographically unlocked. The researcher's own auto-ethnographic story is also told. The life stories of the adolescents are told within the context of a survey of the literature on burnout. A discourse with the adolescents was maintained for more than a year in order to locate signs of burnout. If necessary, indications of burnout were countered. The results of the study have shown that the adolescents as well as the researcher have been equipped to reveal life better and to make a bold stand against the impact of burnout. / Psychology / D.Litt. et Phil.(Psychology)

The dissertation provides a consideration of the significance of choosing an appropriate post-graduate research methodology and application in higher education institutions. Research education has become a matter of concern as there are low completion rates of masters' students in South African universities. This study addresses the issue with the application of appropriate IS research methodologies of IT/IS masters' and MBA dissertations/theses at the NWU to determine whether the research approaches used in both disciplines were relevant to their studies. The choice of an appropriate research methodology is an arduous task with which many researchers are confronted during the research process. The problem is that IT/IS masters' and MBA students use particular research methodologies inappropriately but consider these to be the most appropriate methodologies for IS research for purposes of writing their dissertations. The primary research objective was to explore IT/IS and MBA students' ideological approach towards comprehending information and understanding dissertation requirements by preparing them to undertake sound research projects that culminate in masters' dissertations and improve research completion rates. Secondarily, it attempts to investigate the associated roles between students and supervisors, and to identify challenges encountered, specifically with IT MBA students that will force them to use particular research methods in their research dissertations. A quantitative research approach was adopted and a structured framework was used as an instrument for data-gathering. This structured framework was used randomly on all IT/IS masters' and MBA dissertations in the NWU library. The majority of IT/IS masters' dissertations were sourced through the Nexus Database to ensure a better return rate. The finding gathered from the use of a structured framework for purposes of investigating IT/IS masters' and MBA dissertations indicated that both disciplines, most especially the MBA dissertations, lack a conceptual matrix for research alignment, supervision guidance, and badly-structured research dissertations. There is a need for a graduate school and IT/IS department to introduce and encourage the use of an appropriate conceptual matrix underlying various research activities. / Thesis (M.Computer Sc & Information Systems) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2014

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study describes a process used to determine critical success factors that are felt to be predictive of timely completion of projects within Kumba Resources. A comprehensive literature review and the knowledge of full time line and project managers who have had experience with projects were used to generate critical success factors that was felt to be crucial to timely completion of projects within Kumba Resources. Eleven items were discovered within Kumba Resources that relate well to the available literature on the subject. These were the personal skills of the project manager, project management skills, overly optimistic estimates to obtain project approval, organisational culture, vague and conflicting scope definition, no proper project planning, project control and visibility, no proper risk management communication management not up to standard, changes to orders and contracts took longer than planned and delays caused by poor project integration. In addition, these eleven items have been reduced to six factors with the use of factor analysis. The six factors found were (1) Organisational culture, (2) Technology management, (3) Contract management, (4) Autocratic behaviour, (5) Project design and development and (6) Role clarification. Of these six factors, only technology management proofed to be well managed within Kumba Resources. This study has provided the basis for developing an intervention through which the performance on project management within Kumba Resources will be improved. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie beskryf die proses wat gevolg is om die kritieke suksesfaktore vir tydige voltooiïng van projekte binne Kumba Resources uit te lig. 'n Omvattende literatuurstudie en die kennis van voltydse projekbestuurders en lynbestuurders, wat ondervinding in projekbestuur het, is gebruik om die vraelys saam te stel. Hieruit is die kritieke suksesfaktore vir tydige voltooiïng van projekte binne Kumba Resources geïdentifiseer. Elf items het na vore gekom uit die studie wat baie goed vergelyk met die literatuur beskikbaar. Die elf items gevind in Kumba Resources is die persoonlike vaardighede van die projekbestuurder, die projekbestuur vaardighede van die projekbestuurder, oor optimistiese beramings om projekgoedkeuring te verkry, organisasie kultuur, 'n vaag of swak definisie van die omvang wat die projek behels, geen ordentlike risiko analises word gedoen, die bestuur van kommunikasie is nie op standaard nie, veranderings aan kontrakte en bestellings neem langer as beplan en vertragings word veroorsaak deur swak bestuur van projekintegrasie. Hierdie elf items is daarna saamgevoeg in ses faktore deur gebruik te maak van faktoranalise. Die ses faktore wat gevind is, is (1) Organisasie kultuur, (2) Tegnologie bestuur, (3) Kontrak bestuur, (4) Outokratiese gedrag, (5) Projek ontwerp en ontwikkeling en (6) Roluitklaring. Van die ses faktore blyk dit dat slegs tegnologie bestuur baie goed gedoen word binne Kumba Resources. Hierdie studie verskaf dus die basis en motivering vir die ontwikkeling van 'n interfensie om die prestasie in terme van projekbestuur binne Kumba Resources te verbeter.