As part of the sustainable management of the Port of Saint John there is a critical need to maintain sufficient under keel clearance for the various container and cruise ship traffic in and out of the harbour. Because of high and variable sedimentation rates, annual maintenance dredging is necessary and causes economic concerns for the Port. Therefore to better predict future dredging volumes and hence improve the budgeting process for the Port of Saint John, the estuarine circulation of the harbour has been analysed to better quantify the relative importance of the offshore sediments that contribute to the high dredging volumes in the Saint John harbour. The Port of Saint John lies at the mouth of the Saint John River on the north side of the macrotidal Bay of Fundy. Because of this, the harbour sedimentation is influenced by two major sources of siltation: the Saint John River and the Bay of Fundy. The sediment flux from the river is strongly modulated by the seasonal variations in river discharge. In the Bay of Fundy, there is significant resuspension of offshore marine sediments. To better understand this complex interaction between the fresh water flow and the tidal inflow of salt water, high density oceanographic surveys have been conducted at four different river discharge periods. In order to quantitatively analyse the mixing of the fresh and salt water in the harbour channels, high density ADCP currents and CTD measurements were acquired along main longitudinal axis of the Main Harbour channel and Courtenay Bay over four tidal cycles. By imaging the 200kHz acoustic volume backscatter within the water column, the appearance of interfacial waves at the pycnocline can be examined. The optical backscatter sensor provided observations used to estimate suspended sediment concentrations. A cross-sectional analysis of the flow at a location 700m south and seaward of the Rodney bay terminal in the Main Channel revealed that regardless of the river discharge rate, the interfacial waves are best developed on the rising tide. However, during the Spring freshet the interfacial waves are also developed at high tide, low tide and falling tide. Examination of the timing and location of the interfacial waves are important because they influence the nature of sediment transport in the Main Harbour Channel. During high river discharge periods, the sediment concentration and volume flux estimates indicate that the river is the main source of sediments. For the low river discharge periods, the observations suggest that the possible source of suspended sediments observed in the lower saline layer are either from outside of the harbour or bottom sediments being resuspended on the rising tide.

Dans cette thèse, nous affinons l'étude des fonctions presque automorphes sur time scales introduites dans la littérature par Lizama et Mesquita, nous explorons de nouvelles propriétés de ces fonctions et appliquons les résultats à étudier l'existence et l'unicité de solution presque automorphe d'une nouvelle classe d'équations dynamiques sur time scales. Puis nous introduisons la notion de fonction presque automorphe de classe Cn, nous investiguons les propriétés fondamentales de ces fonctions et utilisons les résultats pour établir l'existence, l'unicité et la stabilité globale et exponentielle de solution presque automorphe de classe C1 d'un système d'équations dynamiques avec délai variable fini modélisant un réseau de neurones. Ensuite nous présentons le concept de fonctions asymptotiquement presque automorphes de classe Cn. Nous démontrons quasiment toutes les propriétés de ces fonctions, lesquelles nous permettent, sous des hypothèses convenables, d'établir, d'une part, que l'unique solution d'un problème avec condition initiale est asymptotiquement presque automorphe de classe C1, et d'autre part, l'existence et l'unicité de solution asymptotiquement presque automorphe pour une équation intégro-dynamque avec conditon initiale non locale sur time scales. Enfin, en utilisant la notion de semi-groupe sur time scales de Hamza et Oraby, nous généralisons les résultats de Lizama et Mesquita en dimension infinie, c'est-à-dire, nous étudions l'existence et l'unicité des solutions presque automorphes pour des équations dynamiques semi linéaires abstraites sur time scales. / In this thesis, we refine the notion of almost automorphic functions on time scales introduced in the literature by Lizama and Mesquita, we explore some new properties of such functions and apply the results to study the existence and uniqueness of almost automorphic solution for a new class of dynamic equations on time scales. Then we introduce the concept of almost automorphic functions of order n on time scales, we investigate the fundamental properties of these functions and we use the findings to establish the existence and uniqueness and the global stability of almost automorphic solution of one to a first order dynamical equation with finite time varying delay. Then we present the concept of asymptotically almost automorphic functions of order n on time scales. We study the properties of these functions and we use the results to prove, under suitable hypothesis, that the unique solution to a problem with initial condition is asymptotically almost automorphic of order one at the one hand, and the existence and uniqueness of asymptotically almost automorphic solution for an integro-dynamic equation with nonlocal initial conditon on time scales in other hand. Finally, using the concept of semigroup on time scales introduced by Hamza and Oraby, we generalize the results in Lizama and Mesquita's paper for abstract Banach spaces, that is, we study the existence and uniqueness of almost automorphic solution for semilinear abstract dynamic equations on time scales.

L'évolution sédimentaire des milieux lagunaires est un phénomène complexe faisant intervenir à la fois des processus intenses sur le court terme (crues, tempêtes) et des processus plus lents sur le long terme (variations du niveau marin moyen, changements climatiques). Si les mécanismes généraux de ces phénomènes sont bien connus, leur variabilité spatiale et temporelle les rends difficiles à estimer au niveau local. La grande diversité des milieux lagunaires et l'influence des actions anthropiques rendent plus hasardeuse encore cette estimation. Dans cette étude, je me suis intéressé au cas du système lagunaire méditerranéen des « étangs Palavasiens, étang de l'Or, canal du Rhône à Sète » situé dans le Golfe du Lion (Sud de la France). L'utilisation d'une approche pluridisciplinaire a permis d'évaluer la dynamique sédimentaire sur des échelles de temps multiples. Sur les deux derniers siècles, le comblement du système lagunaire a pu être estimé à la vitesse moyenne de 1,3 mm.an-1 à travers l'utilisation conjointe de données géographiques historiques et d'analyses géochronologiques (210Pb, 137Cs). Une perte de surface imputable pour moitié aux aménagements anthropiques est également mise en avant au cours du XXème siècle. Une campagne de mesures haute fréquence de la dynamique hydro-sédimentaire a été menée à court-terme (2 ans). Elle a permis de déterminer l'influence des conditions de forçages physiques sur les processus internes (érosion, remise en suspension, dépôt). Les seuils caractéristiques tels que la tension critique d'érosion ont pu être estimés et reliés aux conditions météorologiques. Le bilan net sur les stations suivies durant cette période montre une perte de sédiment. Ce bilan opposé aux estimations historiques sur les mêmes secteurs est probablement en lien avec les conditions d'apports réduites durant la période investiguée. L'adaptation d'un modèle numérique sur la zone d'étude a été entreprise afin de préciser cette dynamique sur une plus large échelle spatiale et temporelle. / The sedimentary evolution of coastal lagoons is a complex phenomenon involving both short term extreme processes (floods, storms) and long term processes (mean sea level variations, climate change). If general mechanisms of these phenomena are well known, their spatial and temporal variability makes them difficult to assess at the local scale. The diversity of lagoonal environments and human influence makes this even more risky. I have focussed this study on the case of a Mediterranean lagoon system : “Palavasian lagoons, Or lagoon, and Rhône-Sète waterway” which is located in the Gulf of Lion (South of France). A multidisciplinary approach was used to assess sediment dynamics on multiple time scales. An average filling rate of 1.3 mm.year-1 over the two last centuries was assessed using a both historical maps and geochronology (210Pb, 137Cs). An area loss due for half to anthropogenic impacts was also highlighted in the twentieth century. A short term (2 years) and high frequency monitoring of in situ hydro-sedimentary dynamics was performed to determine the influence of physical forcing over internal processes (erosion, resuspension, deposition). The main characteristics thresholds were estimated and related to weather conditions. The observed net balance during this monitoring shows a loss of sediment. This assessment, opposite of historical trends, is probably related to the conditions of reduced river contribution. The implementation of a numerical model is going on in order to explain the dynamics on a larger spatial and temporal scales.

The theory of time scales is introduced by Stefan Hilger in his PhD thesis in 1998 in order to unify continuous and discrete analysis. In our thesis, by making use of the time scale calculus we study the oscillation of nonlinear matrix differential equations of second order. the first chapter is introductory in nature and contains some basic definitions and tools of the time scales calculus, while certain well-known results have been presented with regard to oscillation of the solutions of second order matrix equations and some new oscillation criteria for the same type equations have been established in the second chapter.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:00:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_ild_dr_sjrp.pdf: 578124 bytes, checksum: f4eef9516c9a15e6505cc44be029c3a7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Consideramos nesta tese inclusões dinâmicas vetoriais em escalas de tempo e estendemos para esta classe o resultado de compacidade das trajetórias que, p or sua vez, foi combinado com soluções de Euler, tamb ém intro duzidas nesta tese, para garantir a existência de trajetória qua ndo o camp o vetorial da inclusão dinâmica é semicontínuo sup erior. Porém, quando o camp o vetorial da inclusão dinâmica é semicontínuo inferior, é possível obter uma solução da inclusão dinâmica por meio de uma equação dinâmica cujo campo vetorial é contí nuo. Este campo é um a seleção da multifunção que de ne o camp o vetorial. Consideramos também um problema de controle ó ti mo e mostramos que este possui tra jetória admissível ótima sempre que o conjunto de soluções admissíveis é não-vazio e o campo satisfaz as condições de mensurabilidade, convexidade, compacidade e crescimento linear. Além disso, estendemos o Lema de Filippov para a classe de inclusões dinâmicas para mostrar que é possível fazer uma equivalência total do problema de controle no paradigma de inclusão dinâmica com o problema de controle padrão / We consider in this t hes is vectors dynamic inclusions on time scales and extended for this class the result of compactness of the trajectories which, in turn, was combined with Euler solutions, also introduced i n this thesis, t o ensure t he existence of trajectory when the vector eld of t he dynamic inclusi on is upper semicontinuous. However, when the vector eld of the dynamic inclusion is lower semicontinuous, it is possible to obtain a solution of the dynamic inclusion through a dynamic equation whose vector eld is continuous. This eld is a selection of the multifunction de ning the vector eld. We also consider an optimal control problem and we showed that it has an optimal admissible trajectory whenever the admissible solutions set is nonempty and the eld sati s es measurability conditions, conve-xity, compactness and linear growth. Furthermore, we extend the Filippov's Lemma for the class of dynamic inclusions to show that it is possible to do a ful l equivalence of the control problem in the paradigm of dynamic inclusion with the standard control problem

Orientador: Geraldo Nunes Silva / Banca: Valeriano Antunes de Oliveira / Banca: Antônio Carlos Gardel Leitão / Banca: Laécio Carvalho de Barros / Banca: Márcia Cristina A. B. Federson / Resumo: Consideramos nesta tese inclusões dinâmicas vetoriais em escalas de tempo e estendemos para esta classe o resultado de compacidade das trajetórias que, p or sua vez, foi combinado com soluções de Euler, tamb ém intro duzidas nesta tese, para garantir a existência de trajetória qua ndo o camp o vetorial da inclusão dinâmica é semicontínuo sup erior. Porém, quando o camp o vetorial da inclusão dinâmica é semicontínuo inferior, é possível obter uma solução da inclusão dinâmica por meio de uma equação dinâmica cujo campo vetorial é contí nuo. Este campo é um a seleção da multifunção que de ne o camp o vetorial. Consideramos também um problema de controle ó ti mo e mostramos que este possui tra jetória admissível ótima sempre que o conjunto de soluções admissíveis é não-vazio e o campo satisfaz as condições de mensurabilidade, convexidade, compacidade e crescimento linear. Além disso, estendemos o Lema de Filippov para a classe de inclusões dinâmicas para mostrar que é possível fazer uma equivalência total do problema de controle no paradigma de inclusão dinâmica com o problema de controle padrão / Abstract: We consider in this t hes is vectors dynamic inclusions on time scales and extended for this class the result of compactness of the trajectories which, in turn, was combined with Euler solutions, also introduced i n this thesis, t o ensure t he existence of trajectory when the vector eld of t he dynamic inclusi on is upper semicontinuous. However, when the vector eld of the dynamic inclusion is lower semicontinuous, it is possible to obtain a solution of the dynamic inclusion through a dynamic equation whose vector eld is continuous. This eld is a selection of the multifunction de ning the vector eld. We also consider an optimal control problem and we showed that it has an optimal admissible trajectory whenever the admissible solutions set is nonempty and the eld sati s es measurability conditions, conve-xity, compactness and linear growth. Furthermore, we extend the Filippov's Lemma for the class of dynamic inclusions to show that it is possible to do a ful l equivalence of the control problem in the paradigm of dynamic inclusion with the standard control problem / Doutor

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-18T20:33:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 alejandrorossiniespinozapenadillo.pdf: 619028 bytes, checksum: 49e9b09f640d339c02aedbdf674716d7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-19T14:41:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alejandrorossiniespinozapenadillo.pdf: 619028 bytes, checksum: 49e9b09f640d339c02aedbdf674716d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-19T14:41:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alejandrorossiniespinozapenadillo.pdf: 619028 bytes, checksum: 49e9b09f640d339c02aedbdf674716d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-06 / Neste trabalho estudamos alguns resultados da teoria de escalas temporais, as quais são subconjuntos fechados não vazios dos números reais. As escalas temporais são ferramentas eficazes para descrever modelos que envolvem evolução de tempo, onde R e Z são considerados casos particulares, chamados tempo contínuo e tempo discreto, respectivamente. A teoria e aplicações da derivação (delta, nabla e α-diamante) e a integração no sentido de Riemann em escalas temporais tem recebido recentemente uma atenção considerável. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é estudar as funções convexas em escalas temporais e apresentar algumas propriedades como: a convexidade de uma função é uma condição necessária e suficiente para sua subdiferenciabilidade. A subdiferencial de uma função ƒ é dada como um conjunto de certas funções estendidas. Utilizando a convexidade de uma função demonstramos uma versão generalizada da desigualdade de Jensen em escalas temporais através da integral delta. Além disso, apresentamos alguns corolários e uma aplicação em cálculo variacional. / In this work we study some results of the theory of time scales, which are closed nonempty subsets of the real numbers. The time scales represent a powerful tool to describe models which involve evolution of time, where R and Z are considered special cases, called continuous and discrete time respectively. The theory and applications of the derivation (delta, nabla and α-diamond) and the Riemann’s integration in time scales have recently received considerable attention. The main objective of this work is to study convex functions on time scales and to present some properties such as: the convexity of a function is a necessary and sufficient condition for its sub-differentiability. The subdifferential of a function ƒ is given as a set of certain extended functions. Using the convexity of a function we prove a generalized version of Jensen’s inequality on time scales via the delta integral. In addition, we present some corollaries and an application in variational calculus.

Le modèle résidentiel dominant implique le plus souvent un éloignement par rapport au lieu de travail. Économistes, géographes et sociologues ont montré les conséquences d’un tel choix résidentiel en termes de coût économique, de choix modal, d’impact environnemental et de répartition socio-spatiale des populations. Encore peu explorée, l’approche spatio-temporelle proposée cherche à mettre en perspective les modalités de gestion des longues distances quotidiennes domicile-travail notamment au travers des programmes d’activités. La réflexion examine l’équation spatio-temporelle des familles qui doivent concilier et articuler les différentes sphères de la vie quotidienne (travail, famille, déplacement) dans des situations de budget-temps sous forte tension en raison de cette distance. Elle fait l’hypothèse générale que la résolution de l’équation nécessite la mise en place de stratégies spatio-temporelles et d’ajustements réguliers au sein des ménages et dans l’environnement social et spatial proche. La mobilité quotidienne des frontaliers du Luxembourg, marquée par les longs déplacements domicile-travail et le franchissement d’une frontière étatique constitue un cas d’analyse pertinent, où la rupture entre espace de travail et espace de résidence prend des formes accentuées et particulières. Bien que les frontières tendent à s’effacer au sein de l’Espace Schengen, la recherche formule alors l’hypothèse qu’elles conservent un pouvoir organisateur sur les pratiques quotidiennes des travailleurs frontaliers. La grille heuristique s’appuie sur le couple pratiques/représentations à partir duquel, des agencements spatio-temporels apparaissent et correspondent à des modes de vie spatialisés particuliers. Le premier niveau d’analyse qui porte sur les comportements spatiaux de l’ensemble des frontaliers du Luxembourg montre un fort ancrage résidentiel et des plannings d’activités courts et contraints. Une comparaison avec les comportements spatio-temporels d’actifs non frontaliers de Voiron (espace métropolitain grenoblois) conforte ces résultats et montre que les activités des frontaliers se déploient davantage à proximité du domicile. L’enquête qualitative met bien en évidence un rythme de vie particulièrement soutenu marqué par des tensions entre vie familiale et vie professionnelle. La distance temps est soutenable si elle s’assortit de proximités, familiales, spatiales, ou sociales. Face à ce rythme, des stratégies d’adaptation différenciées s’appuyant sur les ressources temporelles, économiques et sociales sont bien élaborées par les ménages en lien avec leur environnement proche. Dans les modes de vie spatialisés métropolitains qui se dessinent, l’agencement entre proximités sociales et distance au travail fait ainsi système. La frontière reste un élément organisateur des pratiques quotidiennes à travers l’éloignement résidentiel et la persistance de représentations complexes de l’espace voisin. / The dominant residential model frequently implies living at a distance from the workplace. Economists, geographers and sociologists have shown the consequences of such a residential choice in terms of economic costs, modal choice, environmental impacts and the socio-spatial distribution of populations. The spatial-temporal approach presented here, which has been relatively little studied until now, aims to put into perspective the different ways in which long daily journey-to-work movements are managed, notably through programming activities. It examines the spatial-temporal equation of families who have to reconcile and articulate the different spheres of daily life (work, family, journeys) in situations where time-budgets are under severe strain due to the distances involved. This research is based on the gene- ral hypothesis that the solution to this equation requires putting into place social-spatial strategies and regular adjustments, both within households and within the close social and spatial environment. The daily mobility of Luxembourg’s frontier workers, characterised by long journey-to-work movements and the crossing of a state border, represents a relevant case for analysis, where the separation between places of work and residence takes on particular and accentuated forms. Although frontiers are tending to disappear within the Schengen area, the research hypothesises that borders retain an organisational influence on the daily routines of frontier workers. The heuristic analysis grid is based on the link between experiences and perceptions from which spatial-temporal associations emerge and correspond with particular spatial life-styles. The first level of analysis which considers spatial behaviour of all Luxem- bourg frontier workers, shows strong links with the place of residence and the constrained organisation of activities based on short distances. A comparison with the spatial-temporal behaviour patterns of non-frontier workers at Voiron (part of the Grenoble metropolitan area) confirms these results and demonstrates that the activities of frontier workers take place to a greater extent around the home. The qualitative analysis points to a particularly difficult lifestyle with tensions between family and professional lives. The time-distance involved can be supported if it is associated with other forms of proximity (spatial, social or family-related). Faced with such a lifestyle, differentiated strategies of adaptation are implemented by house- holds, based on temporal, economic and social resources in association with the neighbouring environment. In these spatially determined metropolitan life patterns, the associations between social proximity and work distances create a system. Borders remain a major organisational element in daily patterns of life due to the importance of the distance between places of work and residence and the persistence of complex perceptions of neighbouring country.

Neste trabalho foram realizadas, no Laboratório Pelletron do Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, medidas de coincidência entre partículas com momentos relativos pequenos para os sistemas 160+10B e 160+ 12C nas energias de 62,5 e 64,0 MeV, respectivamente. Para isso, foi utilizado um hodoscópio composto de 14 telescópios do tipo E-E, capazes de medir a energia tanto de partículas pesadas (Z>2) como leves (Z2). A partir dessas medidas foram obtidos espectros de diferença dos módulos das velocidades (vdif) e funções correlação em momento relativo (prel) para vários pa res de partículas. A análise do espectro de vdif permite determinar a proporção relativa entre as duas seqüências de emissão possíveis para um dado par de partículas. A região da anticorrelação na função correlação permite obter informações sobre a escala temporal referente ao intervalo de tempo entre a emissão da primeira e da segunda partícula. Para o ajuste tanto do espectro de vdif como da função correlação foi utilizado um programa que simula a emissão sequencial de duas partículas a partir de um núcleo composto, no qual a fração das sequências de emissão e a escala temporal são parâmetros ajustáveis. Correlações envolvendo somente partículas leves forneceram resultados para as escalas temporais da ordem de 10-20 s a 10-19 s, compatíveis com evaporação sequencial de um núcleo composto. Correlações envolvendo partículas leves e pesadas forneceram escalas temporais da ordem de 10-20s compatíveis com a fissão de núcleos residuais após a emissão de uma partícula leve. / Particle-particle correlation measurements at small relative momenta for the 160+10B and 160+ 12C systems at Elab = 62.5 and 64 MeV, respectively, were performed at the University of São Paulo - Pelletron Laboratory. The experimental setup consisted of a hodoscope composed by fourteen triple telescopes which provide the energy for both light (Z 2 ) and heavy (Z>2) particles. Velocity difference (vdifl) spectra a nd correlation functions at small relative momenta were obtained for many particle pairs. The velocity difference spectrum provides information about the emission order for the particles. The anticorrelation region in the correlation function provides information about the time between the first and second emission. A simulation code that calculates sequencial emission from a compound nucleus and for which the emission order and time scale are parameters was used to fit both the vdiff spectrum and the correlation function. The time scales obtained for light particle correlations are between 10-20 and 10-19 s and they are in agreement with predictions for the evaporation of compound nuclei. Correlations between light and heavy particles give time scales of about 10 -20 which are compatible with fission of the residual nuclei after a light particle emission.

The purpose of this work is to investigate continuous dependence on parameters for generalized linear differential equations in a Banach space- valued setting. More precisely, we establish a theorem inspired by the clas- sical continuous dependence result due to Z. Opial. In addition, our second outcome extends, to Banach spaces, the result proved by M. Ashordia in the framework of finite dimensional generalized linear differential equations. Roughly speaking, the continuous dependence derives from assumptions of uniform convergence of the functions in the right-hand side of the equations, together with the uniform boundedness of variation of the linear terms. Fur- thermore, applications of these results to dynamic equations on time scales and also to functional differential equations are proposed. Besides these results on continuous dependence, we complete the theory of abstract Kurzweil-Stieltjes integration so that it is well applicable for our purposes in generalized linear differential equations. In view of this, our contributions are related not only to differential equations but also to the abstract Kurzweil-Stieltjes integration theory itself. The new results presented in this work are contained in the papers [26] and [27], both accepted for publication / O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a dependência contínua de soluções em relação a parâmetros para equações diferenciais lineares generalizadas no contexto de espaços de Banach. Mais precisamente, apresentamos um teo- rema inspirado no resultado clássico de dependência contínua obtido por Z. Opial. Nosso segundo resultado estende, para espaços de Banach, o provado por M. Ashordia no contexto de equações diferenciais lineares gen- eralizadas em dimensão finita. Em linhas gerais, a dependência contínua decorre da convergência uniforme das funções à direita das equações, junta- mente com a limitação uniforme da variação dos termos lineares. No mais, são propostas aplicações desses resultados em equações dinâmicas em escalas temporais e também em equações diferenciais funcionais. Além dos resultados em dependência contínua, completamos à teoria de integração abstrata de Kurzweil-Stieltjes de modo que esta se adeque aos nossos propósitos em equações diferenciais lineares generalizadas. Assim, nossas contribuições dizem respeito não apenas a equações diferenciais, mas também a teoria de integração abstrata de Kurzweil-Stieltjes em si. Os resultados originais apresentados neste trabalho estão contidos nos artigos [26] e [27], ambos aceitos para publicação