Regional pulmonary blood flow and volume was measured in ten rabbits anesthetized with pentobarbital (30 mg/kg). Tracheostomy was performed and catheters were placed into the jugular vein and carotid artery. The cardiac ⁹⁹mtc output was measured using the indicator-dilution technique using Tc labelled RBC followed by an injection of radiolabelled macroaggregates (MAA) to mark regional blood flow. Measurements were made both before and after either exposure to cigarette smoke (3 cigarettes for ten minutes at 4 puffs/minute) or sham exposure to air. The animals were sacrificed and the lungs were removed with the vessels tied. The lungs were then inflated and rapidly frozen over liquid nitrogen. The lungs were sampled into slices by vertical height, each slice was further sampled and then gamma counted for the injected isotopes. Regional pulmonary blood flow was calculated by setting the total lung MAA counts for each MAA equal to the cardiac output so that the sample flow was calculated as the fraction of sample counts to total counts times the cardiac output. The blood volume was marked by the labelled RBC and RBC transit was calculated as blood volume (ml) divided by blood flow (ml/sec). In a second series of experiments (N=10) , ⁵¹Cr PMN were injected as a bolus along with ⁹⁹mtc RBC in an indicator-dilution run. Following the injection of the cells, the blood flow was marked with MAAs and then the same sham or smoke treatments were given as in the previous experiments. At the end of ten minutes, the animals were sacrificed and the lungs were processed the same as before. Regional PMN retention was calculated as the [formula omitted]. The data show that smoke exposure increased pulmonary blood volume (p<.01), pulmonary transit time (p<C.05) and the ratio of lung blood volume to central blood volume (p <C-05) without changing central blood volume or cardiac output. Smoke exposure also caused a redistribution of blood flow from upper to lower lung regions (p <C-05). This lengthened the regional RBC transit times in all regions but particularly in the upper zones. These changes in RBC transit had no effect on PMN retention. We conclude that acute smoke exposure lengthens the RBC transit through the pulmonary circulation by increasing blood volume and redistributing blood flow. This change in red cell behavior was not associated with a consistent change in PMN retention in the lungs. / Medicine, Faculty of / Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of / Graduate

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1994.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1994.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-03, page: 1572. Adviser: Alanna Morrison. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Daniela Leal Zandim Barcelos / Resumo: O propósito deste estudo foi determinar a influência do tabagismo nos níveis de beta-defensina 3 (hBD 3) no fluido crevicular gengival (FCG) de indivíduos com periodontite crônica e avaliar sua relação com saúde e doença periodontal. Além disso, foi investigada a correlação deste peptídeo antimicrobiano com metaloproteinase da matriz (MMP-8) e citocinas pró (IL-10) e anti-inflamatórias (IL-1β, IFN-γ e TNF-α). Um total de 40 indivíduos com periodontite crônica, sendo 20 fumantes (PF) e 20 não fumantes (PNF), e 20 indivíduos sem doença periodontal (S) foram incluídos no estudo. Amostras de FCG de sítios sadios e doentes dos indivíduos com periodontite, e apenas de sítios sadios dos indivíduos periodontalmente saudáveis, foram coletadas com tiras de papel absorvente. A quantificação da hBD 3 foi feita pela técnica ELISA sanduíche e dos marcadores biológicos por ensaio Multiplex. Níveis significativamente menores de hBD 3 foram identificados nos sítios doentes de PF em comparação aos sítios doentes de PNF (p=0,02). Por outro lado, os níveis de hBD 3 nos sítios sadios de PF foram significativamente maiores que nos sítios sadios de PNF e S (p=0,006). Na comparação dos sítios dentro do grupo PF, foi verificado que os sítios doentes apresentavam níveis reduzidos de hBD 3 em comparação com sítios sadios (p=0,04). Já no grupo PNF, os níveis de hBD 3 foram mais elevados nos sítios doentes que nos sítios sadios (p=0,02). Uma correlação negativa foi observada entre os níveis de hBD 3 e MM... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of smoking on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of beta-defensin 3 (hBD 3) in individuals with chronic periodontitis and to evaluate its relationship with health and periodontal disease. In addition, the correlation of this antimicrobial peptide with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8) and pro (IL-10) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α) was investigated. A total of 40 individuals with chronic periodontitis, including 20 smokers (PS) and 20 non-smokers (PNS), and 20 subjects without periodontal disease (H) were included in the study. GCF samples from healthy and diseased sites of individuals with periodontitis, and only from healthy sites of periodontally healthy individuals, were collected with absorbent paper strips. Quantification of hBD 3 was performed by a sandwich ELISA assay and the biological markers levels were analyzed by a multiplex assay. Significantly lower levels of hBD 3 were identified in diseased sites of PS compared to diseased sites of PNS (p = 0.02). On the other hand, the levels of hBD 3 in healthy sites of PS were significantly higher than in healthy sites of PNS and H (p = 0.006). The comparison between the sites within the groups with periodontitis showed reduced levels of hBD 3 in diseased sites of PS compared to healthy sites (p = 0.04), while higher levels of this peptide was detected in diseased sites of PNS compared to healthy sites (p = 0.02). A negative correlation wa... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed on June 29, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-109).

Submitted by Suzana Dias (suzana.dias@famerp.br) on 2018-10-31T23:00:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LauraCury_dissert.pdf: 453805 bytes, checksum: 7eaccabaffe132f003b0b92e9db63548 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-31T23:00:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LauraCury_dissert.pdf: 453805 bytes, checksum: 7eaccabaffe132f003b0b92e9db63548 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-14 / Tobacco is one of the leading causes of premature death in the world and its dependence is maintained by nicotine and determined by biological, behavioral, psychological and sociocultural processes. Intensified consumption makes abstinence symptoms more probable to appear. The social factors that contributed to the experimentation become less motivating and the dependence happens to be controlled by the avoidance of the symptoms of the abstinence. The continued use of the cigarette causes changes in brain physiology that makes its cessation process something continuous and complex. Some triggers identified as abstinence-hindering refer to deficits in social skills. The term HS is used to designate learned behavioral capacities that involves social interactions. The present study was conducted from February to March 2017 and evaluated and correlated degree of nicotine dependence and social skills in sixty smokers patients hospitalized by vascular surgery team at a general hospital in the interior of the State of São Paulo, with the purpose of suggesting a therapeutic group where the deficits in social skills found in this study will be able to be work on. A descriptive type of search was performed. Participants were approached and invited to participate in the research whose data were analyzed quantitatively. Of the 60 participants, 23 were women and 37 were men, mean age was 62.85 years, with 52.51 years using cigarette. Only 18.33% tried to stop smoking and the beginning of use for them were at 10.33 years. Only 21.66% of the dependents did not have a smoker's family member, and 5% reported that their support group were non-smoker. According to the Fagerström test for nicotine, the majority of the evaluated patients have low and medium degree of dependence (adding up the two values). For social skills, the total scores for both genders correlate with the Fagerström test, which shows that the more dependent the more socially skilled, which may mean that the tobacco user feels socially skillful without being, if it is so, largely from a social skills training as part of the smoking cessation treatment. / O tabaco é uma das principais causas de morte prematura no mundo e sua dependência é mantida pela nicotina e determinada por processos biológicos, comportamentais, psicológicos e socioculturais. O consumo intensificado torna possível o surgimento dos sintomas de abstinência. Os fatores sociais que contribuíram para a experimentação passam a ser menos motivadores e a dependência passa a ser controlada pela evitação dos sintomas da abstinência. O uso contínuo do cigarro causa alterações na fisiologia cerebral que farão o processo de cessação do mesmo ser contínuo e complexo. Alguns gatilhos identificados como dificultadores da abstinência referem-se a déficits em habilidades sociais. O termo HS é utilizado para designar capacidades comportamentais aprendidas que envolvem interações sociais. O presente trabalho foi realizado de fevereiro à março de 2017 e avaliou e correlacionou grau de dependência de nicotina e habilidades sociais em sessenta pacientes tabagistas internados pela equipe de cirurgia vascular em um hospital geral do interior do Estado de São Paulo com o intuito de sugerir um grupo terapêutico para que os déficits em habilidades sociais encontrados sejam trabalhados posteriormente. Foi realizada uma pesquisa do tipo descritiva. Os participantes foram abordados e convidados a participar da pesquisa cujos dados obtidos foram analisados quantitativamente. Dos 60 participantes, 23 eram mulheres e 37 eram homens, de idade média de 62,85 anos, com 52,51 anos de uso de cigarro. Apenas 18,33% tentaram parar de fumar e o início do uso foi aos 10,33 anos. Apenas 21,66% dos dependentes não possuíam nenhum familiar também tabagista e 5% referiu que o grupo de apoio não era fumante. Segundo o teste Fagerström para Nicotina a maioria dos avaliados encontra-se com grau de dependência baixa e média (somando-se os dois valores). Quanto as habilidades sociais os escores totais para ambos os gêneros correlacionam -se com o teste de Fagerström, o que mostra que quanto mais dependente mais habilidoso socialmente, o que pode significar que o usuário do tabaco se sinta habilidoso socialmente sem o ser, beneficiando-se assim, largamente de um treino de habilidades sociais como parte do tratamento de cessação do tabagismo.

Political science and tobacco policy--Theories of policy change--The global policy context--European countries and the EU--The UK: a case study--The United States--Other advanced industrial countries--Tobacco control policymaking in developing regions--The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) / https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1104/thumbnail.jpg

Thesis (Ph.D. in Human Medical Genetics) -- University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 166-195).

Submitted by Adriana Ávila de Almeida null (celdrica2003@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-23T16:45:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Final - Adriana Ávila de Almeida.pdf: 2506211 bytes, checksum: e38a3f026d55d541be0fd2ec9142a2a2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Silvana Alvarez null (silvana@ict.unesp.br) on 2018-04-03T21:06:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_aa_dr.sjc.pdf: 2506211 bytes, checksum: e38a3f026d55d541be0fd2ec9142a2a2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-03T21:06:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_aa_dr.sjc.pdf: 2506211 bytes, checksum: e38a3f026d55d541be0fd2ec9142a2a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-05 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Os carcinógenos do tabaco estão relacionados a diversos tipos de câncer incluindo o carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) bucal. Aliado ao álcool, o tabaco contribui para o desfecho desfavorável destes casos. A susceptibilidade individual ao câncer pode estar relacionada a expressão das enzimas que metabolizam tais carcinógenos. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a expressão dos genes CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2A6 e CYP2E1 no CCE bucal por meio de qPCR. Foram coletadas amostras de 32 indivíduos com CCE e de 15 controles submetidos a cirurgias bucais por lesões benignas. Foram constituídos quatro grupos: Grupo CCE fumante (n=26), Grupo CCE não fumante (n=6), Grupo controle fumante (n=9) e Grupo controle não fumante (n=6). O Teste de Fagerström para Dependência a Cigarros (TFDC) foi usado para avaliar a dependência nicotínica (DN) e AUDIT para avaliação do consumo de etílicos. Houve diminuição da expressão do gene CYP1B1 nos casos de CCE comparados aos controles. Foram encontradas diferenças estaticamente significativas de expressão gênica de CYP1B1 entre os Grupos CCE fumante e controle fumante (p=0,0018), Grupo CCE não fumante e controle não fumante (p=0,0079) e CCE fumante com CCE não fumante (p=0,0385) e entre os quatro grupos (p<0,0001). Houve diminuição da expressão do CYP2A6 no Grupo CCE fumante em relação ao Grupo controle, mas apenas um paciente do Grupo controle expressou este gene. Houve aumento da expressão de CYP2E1 entre os Grupos CCE fumante e controle fumante (p=0,0424). Concluindo, foi encontrada grande variabilidade interindividual no estudo da expressão dos genes estudados. Houve maior expressão de CYP1A1 e CYP2E1 em amostras de indivíduos fumantes com CCE. Os genes CYP1B1 e CYP2A6 estavam menos expressos no Grupo CCE fumante em relação ao Grupo controle. Para os genes CYP1B1 e CYP2E1 foram encontrados valores significativos na correlação entre a expressão gênica e parâmetros demográficos e de perfil tabágico no Grupo controle fumante, e do AUDIT no Grupo CCE não fumante. O gene CYP2E1, além de estar relacionado ao metabolismo do álcool, também deve ser considerado importante marcador do metabolismo dos carcinógenos derivados do tabaco. / Tobacco carcinogens are related to various types of cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Allied to alcohol, tobacco contributes to the unfavorable outcome of the cases. Individual cancer susceptibility may be related to an expression of the enzymes that metabolize such carcinogens. The aim of this work is to evaluate the expression of the genes CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2A6 and CYP2E1 on OSCC by qPCR. Samples were collected from 32 individuals with OSCC and 15 controls submitted to oral surgeries due to benign lesions. There were four groups: Smoker SCC group (n = 26), nonsmoker SCC group (n = 6), Smoker control group (n = 9) and nonsmoker control group (n = 6). The Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence (TFCD) was used to evaluate nicotinic dependence (ND) and AUDIT for the evaluation of alcohol consumption. There was a decrease in CYP1B1 gene expression in cases of SCC compared to controls. (P = 0.0018); smoker CCE and non-smoker control (p = 0.0079); smoker SCC with nonsmoker SCC (p = 0.0385) and between the four groups (p <0.0001). There was a decreased expression in CYP2A6 in the smoker SCC Group compared to the control group, but only one control group patient expressed this gene. There was an increased expression of CYP2E1 between the smoking and nonsmoking SCC groups (p = 0.0424). In conclusion, large interindividual variability was found in the study of the expression of the genes studied. There was greater expression of CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 in samples from smokers with SCC. The CYP1B1 and CYP2A6 genes were less expressed in the smoker SCC Group. Significant values were found for the CYP1B1 and CYP2E1 genes in the correlation between a gene expression and a parameter and a non-smoker control group, non-smoker control group and AUDIT. The CYP2E1 gene, besides being related to alcohol metabolism, should also be considered an important marker of the metabolism of the carcinogens derived from tobacco. / 2016/08633-0