No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Este estudo tem como propósito compreender a função punitiva da responsabilidade civil no Brasil com suas características e peculiaridades. São desenvolvidos 10 capítulos para a compreensão do tema. Inicia-se uma análise com a compreensão da própria ideia de função. Posteriormente passa-se a uma específicas funções da responsabilidade civil. É realizado, também, uma incursão histórica no campo da responsabilidade civil para entender a origem da função punitiva. Após, realiza-se uma análise das objeções da função punitiva para, posteriormente, desenvolver sua natureza jurídica; seus objetivos; pressupostos e requisitos; a experiência; e o desenvolvimento dogmático em outros países. O estudo percorre, ainda, as técnicas de aplicação da função punitiva, bem como suas fontes positivadas e a sua interpretação jurisprudencial. / This study aims to understand the function of punitive liability in Brazil with its characteristics and peculiarities. 10 chapters are developed for the understanding of the topic. Begins with an analysis to understand the very idea of function. Later goes to a specific function of the indemnity. It also conducted a historical foray into the field of civil responsibility to understand the origin of the punitive function. After, we make an analysis of the objections of the punitive function to subsequently develop their legal nature, your goals, requirements and assumptions, the experience, and the dogmatic development in other countries. The study also runs the technical application of the punitive function as well as their sources positivadas and its judicial interpretation.

This paper looks at Texas tort law reform to make claims regarding the relationship between Texas tort reform and damages recovered. Starting with reform in 1977, Texas has passed 15 pieces of legislation that, in principle, restrict the damages plaintiffs recover. Most empirical analyses have focused primarily on analyzing behavior resulting from the tort reform. In other cases, research has looked at the impact the most recent reform has had on damages recovered in medical malpractice lawsuits. This paper is the first to study the impact of Texas tort law reform on damages recovered while looking at the entirety of recent law reform in the state. Specifically, I test the impact of the 15 different laws on total allocated loss, economic loss, and noneconomic loss recovered in all cases from 1988-2012. My findings suggest that caps on medical liability damages are successful at decreasing damages recovered when the cap is geared at either noneconomic damages, or a total damage figure that excludes punitive damages. This suggests that future caps on medical liability damages should explicitly cap either economic or noneconomic damages. Next, the results imply that caps on punitive damage legislature were most successful when using specific value caps paired with an evidence standard—caps of this nature decreased total damages by 28% in 1987 and 85% in 1995. Finally, an introductory legislation restricting the use of joint and several liability in cases when plaintiffs had little guilt was successful, it decreased total damages by 18.6%. This was followed by three failed attempts to impact the application of joint and several liability where the guilt threshold was higher, suggesting that joint and several liability is rarely used if the plaintiff has substantial guilt.

A responsabilidade civil foi a área do Direito que mais sofreu mudanças a partir do século XX, sobretudo em decorrência da revolução industrial que intensifica a produção e o consumo, culminando no reconhecimento de novos danos. Neste contexto, torna-se necessário repensar as funções da responsabilidade civil sendo que, além do escopo compensatório a indenização deve atender a uma finalidade punitiva ou pedagógica, à semelhança dos punitive damages nos Tribunais norte-americanos. A pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar as críticas formuladas à introdução do instituto em nosso ordenamento, bem como delimitar os critérios para a sua aplicação. / The civil liability is the field of law that has incurred in the most intensive changes since the 20th century, due to, mainly, the development of new technologies that have increased the production and the consume, resulting in the recognition of new sort of damages. In this context, it is paramount to revisit the purposes of the civil liability system, because the indemnification must attend the purposes of punishment and deterrence. This research aims to analyze the critics to the introduction of the punitive damages in Brazilian civil law and to fix the criteria to its application.

<p>Rules for damages that are effective are important to create legal security and a public procurement that fulfil economic effectivity. Those rules are effectivly created for example when the demand of evidence is possible for the damaged supplier to fulfil. Yet the rules cannot be too low without leading to an uncertain procurement for the public purchaser. Thus one have to balance the interests of a public purchaser against the interests of a damaged supplier. This balance leads to a public procurement involving rules of damages where the public purchaser cannot escape duty of damages just because the demand of evidence is too hard to fulfil.</p> / <p>Effektiva skadeståndsregler är ett viktigt verktyg för att skapa en rättssäker och ekonomsikt effektiv upphandling. Effektiva skadeståndsregler skapas bland annat genom att de beviskrav som uppställs på den skadelidande leverantören är möjliga att uppfylla. Detta utan att beviskraven för den skull är allt för lågt ställda eftersom något sådant skulle innebära att en osäker upphandlingsprocess för den upphandlande enheten. En avvägning måste således ske mellan den upphandlande enhetens intresse och den skadelidande leverantörens intresse, då en skadeståndssituation inom upphandlingsrätten uppkommer. En avvägning måste vidare ske ifråga om den kategoriseringen av inom- och utomobligatoriskt skadestånd vilken förkommer inom juridiken. Resultatet av detta är att den juridiska kategoriseringen till viss del måste frångås för att täcka de situationer som kan aktualiseras inom upphandlingsrätten. Vidare når uppsatsens författare resultatet att ett användande av överviktsprincipen är en lämplig metod för att undvika att upphandlande enheter som inte efterlevt upphandlingsreglerna undgår skadestånd på grund av de skadelidande leverantörernas bevissvårigheter.</p>