Thesis (Ed. S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Educational Psychology, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 30-35).

Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2008. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-83).

En este trabajo se busca la viabilidad del negocio de La Bolsa de Juguetes, como plataforma online que permite realizar movimientos entre los juguetes, muebles y accesorios de niños y niñas entre 0 y 10 años. Para validar el siguiente trabajo “La Bolsa de Juguetes”, se realizó una investigación de mercados, mediante diferentes fuentes como por ejemplo las familias limeñas con hijos. En dicha investigación se pudo comprobar que el consumidor peruano se encuentra más propenso a efectuar compras por internet. La tendencia de compras en línea, en el Perú ha sido más lenta; sin embargo, cada vez son más los peruanos que efectúan compras online, teniendo como beneficio que estos no tienen una preferencia por marcas online, por lo que son propensos a experimentar con nuevas marcas. Con entrevistas realizadas a potenciales clientes hemos detectado que al ser padres primerizos prefieren compra todo nuevo y de marcas conocidas, pero cuando llega el segundo hijo saben que comprar juguetes, muebles o accesorios es un gasto grande y, muchas veces, innecesario. Los perfiles de nuestros consumidores son padres, madres o apoderados de niños o niñas de 0 a 10 años. Para finalizar, con los análisis financieros del desarrollo de La Bolsa de Juguetes se considera que el proyecto es viable a partir del segundo año. / In this work the viability of the Toy Bag business is sought, as an online platform that allows movements between the toys, furniture and accessories of children between 0 and 10 years. To validate the following work “The Toy Bag”, a market investigation was carried out, through different sources such as Lima families with children. In this investigation it was found that the Peruvian consumer is more prone to make purchases online. The trend of online shopping in Peru has been slower; However, more and more Peruvians make online purchases, with the benefit that they do not have a preference for online brands, so they are likely to experiment with new brands. With interviews with potential clients, we have detected that since they are first-time parents, they prefer to buy everything new and well-known brands, but when the second child arrives they know that buying toys, furniture or accessories is a large and, often, unnecessary expense. The profiles of our consumers are fathers, mothers or guardians of children from 0 to 10 years. Finally, with the financial analysis of the development of the Toy Exchange, the project is considered viable from the second year. / Trabajo de investigación

No description available.

Syftet med denna studie är att synliggöra hur utformningen av lekmiljön i förskolan och dess innehåll/artefakter är med och påverkar hur, vad och om barn leker. För att samla information har vi valt att observera barns lek och med hjälp av anteckningar studera och dokumentera hur de tar in miljön i leken. Resultatet och slutsatsen vi nått är att pedagogernas förhållningssätt till barn och utformningen av lekmiljön i förhållande till ett barnperspektiv är en bidragande faktor till hur, vad och om barn leker.

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

Children are constantly exposed to many chemicals via the products they come in contactwith in their everyday life. One chemical group is phthalates, the most commonly usedplasticisers in the world. Phthalates are used mainly in PVC plastic products like floors, toys,food containers and wallpaper but they are also used in rubber, glue, paint, cables etc. Sincethese chemicals are weakly chemically bound to the PVC they can leak and migrate to the air,food, water and skin. Children are exposed to phthalates mainly through food, but because ofthe hand to mouth behaviour they are also exposed via dust inhalation and dust ingestion.About ten years ago regulations of the most toxic phthalates in toys and child care productswere implemented in the EU and from February 2015 it is a general prohibition for the use ofDEHP (diethylhexyl phthalate), DnBP (di-n-butyl phthalate), DiBP (diisobutyl phthalate) andBBzP (butyl benzyl phthalate). DiNP (diisononyl phthalate) is a relatively new phthalate andit has replaced DEHP to some extent in floors and toys. In phthalate free products DINCH(1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester) is one of the plasticizer replacingphthalates. The banned phthalates have been shown to cause adverse effects on reproductionand recent research also investigates links between phthalate exposure and asthma and allergysymptoms in children. More experimental animal studies are needed to further investigate theasthma and allergy correlation. In the present project dust samples were collected from 30 preschool indoor environments inthe Stockholm city area to evaluate the levels of the six substances mentioned and thephthalate DEP (diethyl phthalate). The main aim of this thesis project was to search forrelations and links between the phthalate concentrations in dust and parameters from theindoor environment in preschools. Studied parameters are e.g. construction year, floor type,cleaning routines and quantity of toys and furniture made of plastic or foam. The project wascommissioned by the Swedish EPA and performed at the Institute of Environmental Medicine(IMM) at Karolinska Institutet. A negative relation was found between dust phthalate (DEHP and DnBP) concentrationand construction year. Also rooms with old PVC floors had higher concentrations of DEHPand DnBP in dust than rooms with new PVC floors. There was also a trend that dust frompreschools with PVC floors had higher DiNP concentration than dust from preschools withother floor types. The preschools that used foam mattresses for resting had higher DiNPconcentrations than those with no foam mattresses. Most preschools had new foammattresses, which could indicate a more common use of DiNP in new mattresses or mattress2covers compared to old mattresses that contains more DEHP. The four Waldorf preschoolsthat participated had lower DiNP dust concentrations than the other preschools, which wasexpected since Waldorf orientation includes using as little plastic material as possible. Norelation was found between the phthalate dust concentrations and the quantity of toys made ofsoft plastic in the sampled area. Many preschools had made a plastic inventory where they removed old and soft plastic toysand material. Also many preschools recently replaced old foam mattresses used for resting.This could be due to the big chemical focus in the media and authorities and the brochuresthat have been sent out the last couple of years about what preschool can do to decrease thechemical exposure of children. This interest and awareness seen in the preschools waspositive and hopefully the trend spreads to more preschools. Since children spend a big part oftheir time at preschools it is an important mission for society and the government to decreasethe exposure to hazardous chemicals there. Hopefully what has been done so far is just thebeginning.

Brinquedos infantis tornaram-se sofisticados ao longo dos anos, evoluindo de produtos físicos simples a brinquedos que acoplam o mundo digital por meio de software e hardware. Com essa sofisticação, veio à tona potenciais problemas de segurança e privacidade infantil em relação ao uso de brinquedos inteligentes. Um brinquedo inteligente consiste de um componente de brinquedo físico conectado a um sistema computacional com serviços on-line para melhorar a funcionalidade de um brinquedo tradicional. Esse tipo de brinquedo ainda não é amplamente conhecido em países com economia em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil. Dessa forma, não se sabe a opinião de consumidores desse tipo de país em relação à aceitação dessa tecnologia quando ela estiver disponível. Esta dissertação de mestrado realizou um estudo comparativo entre países de diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento, avaliando a percepção sobre segurança e privacidade infantil em relação a brinquedos inteligentes. Aspectos como intenção de compra e percepção de inovação foram levados em consideração, pois essas duas percepções podem influenciar a percepção sobre segurança e privacidade infantil. Essas comparações de percepções ainda foram consideradas para variações de gênero e níveis de escolaridade, considerando pessoas de diferentes países de desenvolvimento. Com uma revisão sistemática, constatou-se que não há trabalhos que abordem a percepção sobre segurança e privacidade infantil relacionada a brinquedos inteligentes, comparando países de economia avançada e em desenvolvimento. Para a realização desta dissertação de mestrado, um survey com a aplicação de um questionário foi considerado. Antecedendo a aplicação do questionário, uma entrevista com 14 participantes foi realizada para refinar o questionário que estava em construção. Para analisar os resultados, os testes de estatística não paramétrica Mann Whitney e teste de Independência de Qui-quadrado foram usados para três hipóteses, considerando percepção sobre segurança e privacidade infantil, intenção de compra e percepção de inovação referente a brinquedos inteligentes em relação ao nível de desenvolvimento do país, tratando também de gênero e nível de escolaridade dos participantes. O primeiro resultado obtido, é que há diferença significativa entre os países de diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento em relação a segurança e privacidade infantil no uso a brinquedos inteligentes, sendo que, os países com economia avançada mostram maior preocupação. Em relação à intenção de compra e percepção de inovação, não foi detectada diferença significativa entre os países de diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento. Para co-variáveis como gênero e nível de escolaridade, há diferenças significativas de percepção em relação às três hipóteses se tratando de grupos específicos em relação ao nível de desenvolvimento de países. Por exemplo, testes realizados apenas com o gênero feminino, retornaram diferença significativa. Com os resultados deste mestrado, pesquisas maiores relacionadas podem ser consideradas. Além de que, estratégias de marketing podem ser melhoradas de acordo com as diferenças de percepções encontradas de pessoas que vivem em países de diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento / Children\'s toys have become sophisticated over the years, evolving from simple physical products to toys that engage the digital world through software and hardware. With such sophistication, potential child safety and privacy issues have surfaced concerning the use of smart toys. A smart toy consists of a physical toy component connected to a computer system with online services to enhance the functionality of a traditional toy. This type of toy is not yet widely known in economically developing countries such as Brazil. In this way, the opinion of consumers of this type of country is not known with respect to the acceptance of this technology when it is available. This master\'s research carried out a comparative study among countries with different levels of development, assessing the perception of child safety and privacy about intelligent toys. Aspects such as purchase intent and perception of innovation were taken into account, since these two perceptions may influence perceptions about child safety and privacy. These comparisons of perceptions were still considered for variations in gender and educational levels, considering people from different developing countries. With a systematic review, it was found that there are no studies that address the perception of children\'s safety and privacy related to intelligent toys, comparing countries of advanced and developing economies. For the accomplishment of this masters dissertation, a survey with the application of a structured questionnaire was considered. Before the application of the questionnaire, a interview with 14 participants was performed to refine the questionnaire that was under construction. In order to analyze the results, the non-parametric Mann Whitney test and the Chi-square Independence test were used for three hypotheses considering perceptions about child safety and privacy, purchase intention and perception of innovation regarding smart toys in relation to the level of the country\'s development, also dealing with the gender and level of schooling of the participants. The first result obtained is that there is a significant difference between countries of different levels of development regarding children\'s safety and privacy in the use of smart toys, and countries with advanced economies show greater concern. In relation to the purchase intention and perception of innovation, no significant difference was detected between the countries with different levels of development. For covariables such as gender and educational level, there are significant perceptual differences about the three hypotheses when dealing with specific groups about the level of development of countries. For example, tests performed only with the female gender, returned significant difference. With the results of this masters degree, major related research can be considered. In addition to that, marketing strategies can be improved according to the differences of perceptions found in people living in countries with different levels of development