Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2002. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2001. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.Sc.)(Hons) -- University of Western Sydney, 2005. / "A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Honours) Physics" Bibliography: leaves 101-108.

Thesis (MNutr (Human Nutrition))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / Background Critical illness is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, and low levels of most micronutrients with resultant diminished endogenous antioxidant defences. Micronutrient supplementation is thought to be beneficial to the critically ill patient by ameliorating oxidative stress and by improving clinical outcome. Objectives This systematic review assessed the effects of micronutrient supplementation on adults recovering from critical illness. Primary outcomes included clinical endpoints [mortality, infectious complications, length of intensive care unit and hospital stay (LICU and LOS)]. Secondary outcomes included descriptions of practice issues, micronutrient status, morbidity, course of the acute phase response and oxidative stress. Search strategy An electronic bibliographic database search was carried out, bibliographies of retrieved articles were reviewed and personal files searched to obtain additional citations. Databases were searched from inception until 29 February 2008. Selection criteria Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of micronutrient supplementation (by any route) in adult critically ill patients, given in addition to their routine care, were included. Data collection and analysis Two authors independently extracted data and assessed trial quality. For the primary outcomes the random-effects model was used to estimate overall relative risk / mean difference and effect size due to the presence of study heterogeneity. Selected exploratory analyses were undertaken. Differences at the level of p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The secondary outcomes were sparse and variably recorded such that this data was not formally aggregated. Main results Fifteen RCTs involving 1714 participants and 18 RCTs involving 1849 participants were included for the primary and secondary objectives respectively. The quality of the RCTs, as reported, was disappointing, particularly for allocation concealment. Fourteen trials (n=1468) of micronutrient supplementation showed a statistically significant reduction in overall mortality [relative risk (RR) 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67-0.90, I2=0%, p=0.0009]. An asymmetrical funnel plot necessitates caution when directly interpreting these results. Six RCTs (n=1194) indicated a statistically significant reduction in 28 day mortality (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.63-0.88, I2=0%, p=0.0006) (symmetrical funnel plot). Micronutrient supplementation in this systematic review was not associated with a reduction in infectious complications, LICU or LOS. In sub-group analyses, single nutrients were associated with borderline statistical significance (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.66-1.01, I2=0%, p=0.06) in terms of mortality, whist a sensitivity analysis of combined micronutrients indicated a significant reduction in mortality (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.54-0.90, I2=2%, p= 0.006). This review did not find clear evidence that parenteral is superior to enteral administration in terms of clinical outcomes. The secondary outcomes confirmed that timing, duration and dosing are key factors to ensure optimal clinical benefit. Conclusion This review does suggest potential benefit of micronutrient supplementation in critically ill adults for some clinical outcomes (especially mortality), but also highlights that caution is warranted as nutrient interactions and risk of toxicity are not clearly defined in critical illness. More large multi-centre randomized trials are necessary to assess the effects of different types and doses of micronutrient supplementation in selected groups of patients with different types of critical illness.

Orientador: Gustavo Henrique de Almeida Teixeira / Coorientador: Vivian da Silva Santos / Banca: José Dalton Cruz Pessoa / Banca: José Fernando Durigan / Resumo: O palmiteiro juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) é endêmico do bioma conhecido por Mata Atlântica, sendo seus frutos semelhantes ao do açaizeiro (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), porém mais ricos em antocianinas e em alguns elementos químicos, o que os tornam um importante produto para a alimentação das comunidades tradicionais. Todavia, durante o processamento, os frutos passam por diferentes etapas para a extração de sua polpa, o que podem afetar a bioacessibilidade dos micronutrientes. Objetivos: O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi verificar a bioacessibilidade de micronutrientes no mesocarpo dos frutos e polpa de juçara e, por objetivos específicos: i. verificar o efeito das diferentes etapas do processamento na bioacessibilidade dos micronutrientes presentes no mesocarpo dos frutos e polpa de juçara ii. determinar a bioacessibilidade in vitro dos micronutrientes pelo método da digestão gastrointestinal (IVG) seguida de análise por espectrômetro de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-OES). Métodos: Em cada etapa do processamento foi colhido o mesocarpo dos frutos e/ou polpa para a determinação da bioacessibilidade dos micronutrientes utilizando o método da digestão gastrointestial in vitro (IVG). Os elementos cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg), ferro (Fe), manganês (Mn), cobre (Cu) e zinco (Zn) foram determinados por ICP-OES. O experimento foi conduzido segundo um delineamento em blocos casualizado (DBC), onde os blocos foram constituídos pelas origens (Uba... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Juçara palm tree (Euterpe edulis Mart.) is endemic from a biome know as Atlantic Forest, and its fruit are similar to açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), but richer in anthocyanin and chemical elements, which make them a important food produce for the local population. However, during its processing, the fruit are subjected to different unit operation to extract their pulp and it can affect the chemical elements biaccessibility. Objectives: The general object of this study was to verify the chemical elements bioaccessibility in fruit and juçara pulp and, the specific objectives were: i. verify if the different unit operations affect the chemical elements bioaccessibility, and ii. determine the in vitro chemical elements bioacessibiity using the in vitro gastrointestinal method (IVG) followed by ICP-OES determination. Methods: For each unit operation during juçara processing fruit and/or pulp were collected to determine the chemical elements bioacessibility using the in vitro gastrointestinal method (IVG). It was determined the chemical elements Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn using Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The experiment was conducted according to randomized complete blocks design (CBD), where the blocks were constituted by the origens (Ubatuba I, Ubatuba II, Jaboticabal I, Jaboticabal II and Américo Brasiliense) with four treatments (i. fresh harvested fruits, ii. fruits which were washed, iii. fruits after softened in water, iv. processed pulp). Results: It was not possible to determine the bioaccessibility of Ca and Zn. The chemical elements Mg, Mn, Cu, and Fe bioaccessibility reduced during processing. Conclusion: Juçara fruit processing affected the content and bioaccessibility of the chemical elements, and it was observed a sharp increment in the content of macro and microelements... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Les Evénements Océaniques Anoxiques (OAE) sont des événements extrêmes qui se sont pro- duits majoritairement durant le Crétacé et qui sont caractérisés par un enfouissement massif et brutal de carbone organique. Ces événements ont été très étudiés durant ces 40 dernières années mais aucun consensus n’a été atteint quand aux processus à l’origine de leur déclenchement. Pour tenter de répondre aux questions encore en suspens, nous avons réalisé une étude géochimique approfondie (éléments majeurs et traces, compositions isotopiques en Nd et Hf) des différentes fractions (détritiques et authigènes) de sédiments marins déposés lors de l’événement océanique anoxique associé à la limite Cénomanien-Turonien (OAE2, 93.5Ma). Les deux sections étudiées représentent différents environnements de dépôt : un environnement peu profond et proche des sources continentales (Taghazoute, Maroc) et un environnement marin profond, loin des côtes (DSDP Site 367, Cap-Vert).A l’approche de l’OAE2, les compositions isotopiques du Nd et de l’Hf ne présentent que peu de variations. Ces observations reflètent une absence de changement dans le régime d’érosion continentale en amont des deux sections étudiées. Notre étude diverge du scenario proposant qu’un fort apport de nutriments résultant d’une altération continentale accrue soit à l’origine des OAEs. En revanche, les variations isotopiques (Nd) mesurées dans les fractions authigènes du Site 367, interprétées comme reflétant la composition océanique passée, supportent l’idée d’une contribution magmatique dans l’Océan Atlantique durant l’OAE2. Ces nouveaux résultats sont cohérents avec de précédentes études et confortent le rôle des grandes provinces magmatiques (plateau des Caraïbes) dans l’eutrophisation des océans qui précède les événements anoxiques.En outre, l’étude combinée des terres rares (REE) et des compositions isotopiques (Nd) de fractions authigènes obtenues par extraction chimique (leaching) démontre l’incorporation de matériel détritique dans ces fractions en milieu peu profond. Ces nouvelles observations questionnent l’idée que toute fraction authigène enregistre une composition chimique océanique pure. Enfin, l’étude complète des concentrations en éléments traces de ces mêmes fractions souligne le rôle important de la lithologie des sédiments sur la composition des leachates. Cette étude questionne également l’utilisation de certaines méthodes de leaching qui semblent favoriser l’extraction de phases détritiques externes lorsque les sédiments sont soumis à des étapes de leaching répétées. / Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAE) are brief and extreme events that mostly occurred during the Cretaceous and are defined by the burial of massive amounts of organic carbon. These events have been intensely investigated in the last 40 years but the mechanism that triggered OAEs remains problematic. In order to better constrain what causes these events, we realised a complete geochemical study (major and trace elements, isotopic compositions of Nf and Hf) of various sedimentary fractions (detrital and authigenic) for marine sediments associated with the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event or OAE2 (93.5 Ma). We focused our study on two marine sections that represent different depositional settings : a shallow marine setting, close to the continental shelf (Taghazoute, Morocco) and a abyssal marine section (DSDP Site 367, Cape-Verde), far from the African shelf.The remarkable stability of the Nd-Hf decoupling in both sections indicates no obvious change of continental weathering approaching OAE2. Our conclusions diverge from the hypothesis that proposes an higher nutrient input through an enhanced continental weathering as a triggering mechanism of OAEs. However, Nd isotopic compositions of authigenic fractions measured at Site 367, interpreted as past oceanic composition, exhibit a positive isotopic excursion and indicate a magmatic contribution in the deep Atlantic Ocean during OAE2. These new data are consistent with previous isotopic studies and support the role of Large Igneous Province (in our case, the Caribbean Plateau) as nutrient provider and triggering mechanism of anoxic events.The combined study of rare earth elements (REE) and Nd isotopic compositions of authigenic fractions recovered by leaching demonstrates the incorporation of detrital material in authigenic fractions in shallow marine settings. These new results challenge the traditional belief that authigenic material always records an untouched seawater composition. Finally, the extensive study of trace element concentrations of these same fractions demonstrated the strong impact of sample lithology on their trace element content. Our study also questions the relevance of sequential leaching methods that facilitate external contamination when sediments are submitted to repeated leaching steps.

148f. / Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-03-22T17:35:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE VERSÃO FINAL_Rogete.pdf: 3403393 bytes, checksum: 8ad0a12697759237a2a80d8d5568a3c8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Hilda Fonseca(anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-04-19T14:20:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE VERSÃO FINAL_Rogete.pdf: 3403393 bytes, checksum: 8ad0a12697759237a2a80d8d5568a3c8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-19T14:20:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE VERSÃO FINAL_Rogete.pdf: 3403393 bytes, checksum: 8ad0a12697759237a2a80d8d5568a3c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / CAPES / O material particulado atmosférico (MP) é um dos principais poluentes do ar, este pode ser emitido por fontes naturais e antrópicas. Em ambientes urbanos o tráfego de veículos é um dos grandes responsáveis por sua emissão. Em sua composição estão associadas inúmeras espécies químicas, dentre as quais se destacam metais e metalóides. A origem destas espécies através do tráfego está relacionada a várias fontes, tais como, produtos de combustão do combustível e óleo; produtos de desgaste de pneus, lonas de freio, rolamentos; materiais de construção das vias de tráfego; e ainda a ressuspensão da poeira do solo. As frações mais finas do MP são as mais nocivas e a exposição a estas partículas é responsável por vários efeitos à saúde e estão associadas ao aumento de riscos de doenças respiratórias e cardiovasculares e problemas reprodutivos. Especialmente os metais podem causar câncer, mutações e problemas neurológicos. Neste trabalho, as concentrações de partículas em suspensão foram determinadas por meio de técnica gravimétrica; e as concentrações atmosféricas dos elementos traço As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, V e Zn, nas frações MP10 e MP2,5 coletadas no Terminal Rodoviário da Lapa, foram determinadas usando as técnicas de ICP-MS e ICP OES. As amostras de MP10 e MP2,5 do ano de 2010, foram coletadas sobre filtros de microfibra de quartzo em amostradores de grande volume (Hi-Vol). As amostras de MP10 coletadas em 2005 em outro estudo, foram utilizadas neste trabalho com a finalidade principal de se investigar a composição elementar do MP no período de transição B0 (2005) para B5 (2010). Para a seleção do procedimento de extração, com vistas ao tratamento das amostras de MP, foram realizados alguns experimentos e dentre estes, a mistura de 2 mL HNO3, 1 mL de H2O2 e 5 mL H2O, se mostrou adequada produzindo respostas satisfatórias. A validação do método garantiu recuperações na faixa de 83% a 114%. Os limites de quantificação do método nas determinações realizadas por ICP-MS foram estabelecidos entre 0,02 e 1,82 ng m-3 e nas determinações por ICP OES entre 1,9 e 896 ng m-3. Os resultados da concentração de partículas em suspensão para MP10 e MP2,5, apresentaram valor médio, respectivamente, de 134 μg m-3 e 83,2 μg m-3. Entre os elementos traço minoritários, as maiores concentrações médias encontradas em 2010, foram para Hg, Ni, Pb, Sn e V cujos valores para MP10 foram, respectivamente, 4,52; 4,53; 7,33; 4,41 e 5,68 ng m-3; e para MP2,5 foram, respectivamente, 2,68; 3,01; 4,57; 1,32 e 2,96 ng m-3. Entre os elementos majoritários as maiores concentrações encontradas em 2010, foram para Ba, Ca, Fe e Mg, cujos valores médios foram, respectivamente, para MP10, 587; 5260; 5190 e 1907 ng m-3 e MP2,5, 165; 2759; 2101; 947 ng m-3. A avaliação das concentrações dos elementos traço por turno em 2010 mostrou que nos turnos da manhã e tarde em conjunto, a concentração dos elementos traço compreendeu aproximadamente entre 58% a 87% do total emitido na fração MP10; e entre 62% a 85% na fração MP2,5. Os cálculos do fator de enriquecimento revelaram que os elementos de origem antrópica no MP em suspensão, portanto considerados enriquecidos, foram As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sb, Sn e Zn. A análise multivariada permitiu identificar os elementos que caracterizaram as emissões do MP e a influência do tráfego conforme os turnos de amostragem. E ainda indicou que as diferenças entre as frações MP10 de 2005 e 2010, correspondentes ao período de transição de B0 para B5, foram relacionadas às concentrações de Cd, Mn, Cu e Hg. / Salvador

The thesis deals with antioxidants in food and their function in the process of defence against the effects of free radicals. At first, antioxidants are defined and their clasification is described in the theoretical part. Then this part deals with antioxidants in food, their effects on people´s health and antioxidants recommended daily doses. Possitive and negative effects of free radicals on people´s health and their relation to antioxidants are mentioned next. In the practical part, I concentrate on the survey focused on the investigation of the population awareness of antioxidants and their effects on health. One hundred and sixty respondents took part in the survey. They were devided into two groups; working people and pensioners. The questionnaire contained twelve questions which investigated the population awareness of the topic. The data collection took place in January 2013 and it was evaluated in February 2013. The collected data were evaluated according to basic statistical methods. The ascertained answers were put into unified tables and then they were compared. Especially, the general awareness was investigated and then the effect of education on the knoledge of the topic was considered.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:31:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sakamoto_ss_me_araca.pdf: 2232778 bytes, checksum: 2d567023e0bd2b444f0d70e7197d8eaf (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O papel dos elementos traço em tumores mamários tem sido investigado nas últimas décadas, mas comparações de subclasses de tumores mamários malignos são ainda inéditas em medicina veterinária. Portanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar a concentração dos elementos cálcio, ferro, cobre e zinco em neoplasias mamárias de cadelas, comparando-se um grupo controle com três tipos histológicos malignos. Cinquenta e uma biopsias mamárias foram avaliadas e divididas em quatro grupos (G1 - controle, G2 - carcinoma complexo, G3 - carcinoma tubular/tubulopapilífero e G4 – carcinoma sólido). O material foi colhido de mastectomias realizadas na rotina do Hospital Veterinário da UNESP-Araçatuba sendo classificado segundo os critérios diagnósticos propostos pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. As amostras foram analisadas, quanto aos elementos traço, pela técnica de Fluorescência de Raios X por Dispersão de Energia (EDXRF). A análise estatística revelou aumento significativo (p<0,05) dos elementos cálcio, ferro e zinco entre os grupos G1 e G2. Comparações entre o sistema TNM (Tumor/Linfonodo/Metástases) e os elementos traço não foram significativas (p˃0,05) à análise estatística, já que os mesmos demonstraram estar correlacionados ao tipo histológico e não ao sistema TNM de prognóstico de vida. O aparelho de EDXRF mostrou-se eficaz para a análise dos elementos traço, além de ser uma técnica mais acessível, multielementar e não destrutiva, permitindo que outras metodologias possam ser utilizadas para estudos complementares com as mesmas amostras / The role of trace elements in breast cancer has been investigated in recent decades, but comparisons of subclasses of malignant mammary tumors are still unpublished in veterinary medicine. So, the aim of this work was to identify the concentration of calcium, iron, cooper and zinc in canine mammary tumors, comparing them with a control group and three malignant neoplasias. 51 mammary fragments of biopsies were analyzed and divided in four groups (G1 – Control, G2 - Complex Carcinomas, G3 – Tubular/Tubulopapillary Carcinoma and G4 – Solid Carcinoma). Samples of the tumors were collected during surgical procedures, mastectomy, performed at Veterinary Hospital of Sao Paulo State University – Araçatuba and were classified according to the diagnostic criteria proposed by the World Health Organization. Samples were analyzed by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Equipment (EDXRF). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) only in the groups G1 and G2, concerning to the calcium, iron and zinc elements. The comparison between TNM system and trace elements revealed an absence of statistical evaluation, because trace elements were connected with histopathologycal graduation. The EDXRF was useful for trace element analyses and it is a non-destructive, multielementar technology that permits complementary studies with the same samples