Working in a software project is a challenge. People with different backgrounds are together working towards the goal of delivering a run able piece of software. As the development proceeds, different guidelines such as: Technology, quality directives, user goals, customer goals, style guides etc. will influence the design. This report will focus on the design of the graphical user interface and discuss how it benefits from making the guidelines explicit in the design process. Today it is identified that interaction design has a problem of reaching practical use in software industry. This thesis will present an approach to interaction design that can be used in practice in the complex nature of software development. The approach stresses the importance of not having only one perspective on design. A design group needs to have more than the end user’s perspective when developing an interactive product. In order to fit reality and fulfill user goals in the design, it is important to make the design process and its guidelines explicit to the developers. During this spring I have been involved in a large software engineering project, developing the interface design of an instant messaging application. In this Master thesis, I will explain how I developed my approach to interaction design in the organization of a project. I will also describe my experiences of working with the method of persona in order to make the user goals explicit in the design. The main purpose of this report is to show a practical way of working with interface design. The work resulted in traceability of design decisions, which was not the goal of this project, merely the result of an approach to design.

Traceability can be considered one of the most important operation in the agro industry at the moment, revealing itself even more in the creation of a new culture involving the primary sector, demanding that producers and businesses aggregate new techniques and knowledge which are able to guarantee the survival, growth, profit and competitiveness of the poultry sector. The total water content of some poultry cuts has been the target of questioning from importers. These state that the production process is being fraudulent, where the absorption of water in the preparation process is being excessive. Facing this scenery and many uncertainties, the objectives of this paper was: to present a traceability tool model destined for the Brazilian aviculture in integrated system, aiming to evaluate the quality of salty poultry cuts on total water content. As methodology, we strived to learn about what the Brazilian companies are thinking about traceability, its necessities and difficulties. The accompaniment of the production processes and contact with authorities and technicians served in the development of a doable and adequate traceability program for Brazilian aviculture. To determine total water content in poultry cuts, a relationship between moisture and protein U/P in refrigerated, frozen, salty refrigerated and salty frozen cuts was done, before and after the chiller. The essential information for traceability in poultry segment, in integrated system, must be organized in order to assure that every production steps happens under controlled conditions and be able to witness. The present information in the product packaging must be sufficient to link the product to primary sector and controls done in different processes during its production. Research done in Brazilian industries showed that they are aware of necessity to adopt traceability, but they are confused about the benefits. The different treatments show the tendency of increase water content in poultry cuts after the refrigeration of the carcasses in tanks, which is natural, even the treatments are in agreement to the standards. The variance analysis (ANOVA) did not show significant difference (p<0,05), for differents treatments before end after chiller. For traceability, the minimum information necessary are: suppliers, linage, group, breeder and broiler, farm name, date of egg posture, date of egg eclosion, feed type, production date, formula number, date and time of slaughter, federal inspection number, order number, product and lot number. The extra information for different traceability objectives are maintained filed in the process. Government and industries union support are necessary to define the kind of traceability in aviculture. The manual salting and fast freezing of product in impermeable packagings do not exert influence over the total water content in poultry cuts. For this product, controls must be done during the carcass passing through the chiller. / Pode-se considerar que a rastreablidade apresenta-se como uma operação das mais importantes da agroindústria no momento, destacando-se ainda mais na criação de uma nova cultura envolvendo o setor primário, exigindo que produtores e empresas agreguem novos conhecimentos e técnicas, capazes de garantir a sobrevivência, crescimento, lucratividade e competitividade do setor avícola. O teor total de água de determinados cortes de aves de corte tem sido alvo de questionamento de importadores. Estes afirmam que o processo de produção está sendo fraudulento, onde a absorção de água no decurso da preparação está sendo excessiva. Diante deste cenário e tantas incertezas, o objetivo deste trabalho foi: Apresentar uma proposta da ferramenta rastreabilidade para a avicultura brasileira em sistema integrado, visando avaliar a qualidade dos cortes de frango salgados congelados quanto ao teor de água total. Como metodologia buscou-se saber o que as empresas brasileiras estão pensando sobre a rastreabilidade, suas necessidades e dificuldades. O acompanhamento dos processos de produção e contato com técnicos e autoridades, serviu para o desenvolvimento de um programa de rastreabilidade factível e adequado a avicultura brasileira. Para rastrear o teor de água total em cortes de frango, foi feita a relação entre a umidade e proteína U/P de cortes resfriados, congelado, resfriado salgado e congelado salgado, antes e após o chiller. As informações necessárias à rastreabilidade no segmento aves, em sistema integrado, devem ser organizadas de modo a assegurar que todas as fases de produção aconteçam sob condições controladas e possíveis de evidenciar. As informações presentes na embalagem de um produto devem ser suficientes para ligar o produto ao setor primário e os controles realizados nos diferentes processos durante sua produção. Pesquisa realizada junto às indústrias brasileiras, mostrou que elas têm ciência da necessidade de adoção da rastreabilidade, porém estão confusas em relação ao seu benefício. Os diferentes tratamentos mostram a tendência do aumento do teor de água nos cortes depois do resfriamento de carcaças em tanques, o que é natural, embora estes estejam em acordo com os padrões. A análise de variância (ANOVA) não mostrou diferença significativa (p<0,05), para os diferentes tratamentos antes e após o chiller. Para a rastreabilidade as informações mínimas necessárias são: fornecedores, linhagem, grupo, nome da granja, aviário, data de postura dos ovos, data de eclosão, nome do parceiro, tipo de ração, data da produção, número da fórmula, data e hora de abate, número do SIF, número do pedido, nome do produto e lote. As demais informações para os diferentes objetivos da rastreabilidade, são mantidos arquivados no processo. É necessário apoio do governo e união das indústrias para definir a forma de rastreabilidade no setor avícola. A salga manual e congelamento rápido do produto, em embalagem impermeável, não exercem influência sobre o teor de água total nos cortes de frango. Para este produto o controle deve ser realizado durante a passagem da carcaça pelo chiller.

Les infections nosocomiales sont responsables de milliers de décès chaque année. Les soignants, les patients et l'environnement à l'hôpital peuvent être source de contamination. Les objets tels que les téléphones cellulaires, les stéthoscopes, les tensiomètres, les cravates, les blouses et les bagues sont utilisés par les soignants et peuvent être contaminés. Ils deviennent alors des vecteurs potentiels pouvant être responsables d'infections nosocomiales. Les mains des soignants peuvent aussi être un vecteur de la transmission d'agents pathogènes. Respecter l'ensemble des règles d'hygiènes au quotidien est indispensable mais peut être contraignant pour les soignants. Afin d'avoir une mesure plus précise de la désinfection des mains, un outil automatique de mesure appelé MédiHandTrace® (MHT) a été développé, et breveté. Il permet de tracer les soignants grâce à leurs sabots pucés. MHT montre des taux d'observance inférieurs à 50% et aussi que l'hygiène des mains est individuelle. Aussi, Nous avons voulu comprendre le raisonnement des soignants au regard de leurs pratiques d'hygiène. Grâce à la vidéo, nous avons mis en lumière des comportements singuliers. L'amélioration de l'hygiène des mains reste une priorité. En conséquence, nous avons introduit des outils couplés à MHT, envoyé des sms sur les téléphones des soignants donnant leurs performances individuelles. L'hygiène des mains est un geste simple, mais sa réalisation se fait dans des situations de soins souvent complexes. L'adhérence à l'hygiène reste multifactorielle nécessitant l'apport de nouveaux outils d'apprentissage et de communication afin de délivrer des messages simples et efficaces auprès des soignants. / Nosocomial infections are responsible for thousands of deaths each year. Healthcare workers (HCW), patients and the hospital environment can be a source of contamination. Fomites such as cell phones, stethoscopes, tensiometers, ties, gowns and rings are used by HCW and may be contaminated. They become potential vectors that can be responsible for nosocomial infections. The HCWs hands' can also be a vector for the transmission of pathogens. Respecting all the rules of hand hygiene in everyday life is essential but can be binding for the HCW. In order to have a more accurate measurement of hand disinfection, an automatic measuring tool called MédiHandTrace® (MHT) was developed and patented. It makes it possible to trace the HCWs with tags into their shoe hoofs. MHT shows compliance rates below 50% and also that hand hygiene is individual. Also, we wanted to understand the reasoning of HCW with regard to their hygiene practices. Through the video, we have highlighted some singular behaviors of HCWs. Improving hand hygiene remains a priority. As a result, we introduced tools coupled with MHT, sent sms to the phones of HCWs showing their individual performance. Hand hygiene is a simple gesture, but its realization takes place in often complex care situations. Adherence to hand hygiene remains multifactorial, requiring new learning and communication tools to deliver simple and effective messages to HCWs.

Résume de thèse non disponible / No summary

The demand for organic sustainable products has been growing exponentially in the past years, pressuring the industry to showcase the sustainable origin and conditions of their products to their consumers. Companies use certifications and eco-labels to show the sustainability behind their products, but the standards behind these certifications can be hard to understand as certification companies are struggling to communicate them to the end consumers. Emerging technologies such as QR codes, IoT and blockchain provide new options for increasing traceability and transparency in the certification industry, but these technologies are not widely adopted. This thesis investigates the current practices in certification companies by performing semi-structured interviews with different actors in the certification industry, to understand what are the motivations and barriers that companies see in the adoption of new technologies for transparency and traceability. Once motivations and barriers have been identified, the authors frame them into a motivational model and propose organisational strategies for these companies in order to overcome the barriers and produce change towards technology adoption, traceability and transparency improvement, and sustainability advocacy.Industry practitioners can use these technologies to increase the trust in their brands and to ensure the sustainability of their supply chains. Further, new emerging technologies can be seen as a tool to assess the companies’ strategic and tactical decisions to comply with their CSR policy, decisions that can eventually lead to an organisational change providing companies with a more sustainable perspective of their operations.

Le développement de produits complexes demande la maintenance d'un grand nombre de documents interdépendants exprimés dans différents formats. Malheureusement, aujourd'hui, aucun outil et aucune méthodologie ne nous permettent pas de maintenir la cohérence et de propager systématiquement les changements entre ces documents. D'après les observations faites dans l'entreprise STMicroelectronics, lorsqu'un document est modifié, les développeurs doivent propager manuellement la modification à l'ensemble des documents impactés. Pour diverses raisons, ces changements peuvent ne pas être correctement appliqués, voir même ne pas être appliqués du tout. Les documents divergent alors peu à peu, impactant dramatiquement le temps de développement pour réaligner tous les documents. Nous proposons une méthodologie aidant les développeurs à maintenir systématiquement la cohérence entre les documents, basée sur le concept de description d'architecture introduit par l'ISO42010. Premièrement, un modèle est défini pour décrire formellement et complètement des correspondances (liens existants) entre des documents. Ce modèle est défini pour être indépendant des formats de documents, du cycle de développement et des méthodes de travail de l'entreprise. Deuxièmement, ces correspondances sont analysées afin d'aider les développeurs à maintenir la cohérence des documents en les informant lorsqu'un document est modifié. Un prototype mettant en œuvre l’approche proposée a été développé afin d’évaluer la méthodologie. 18 sujets se sont portés volontaires afin d’évaluer l'approche. Ces sujets ont été soumis à deux tests (avec et sans notre méthodologie) impliquant la correction d’incohérences ajoutées dans un ensemble de documents. Ces tests nous ont permis de dégager deux variables : le nombre d’incohérences corrigées et le temps moyen pour corriger les incohérences. Selon notre étude, l’utilisation de notre approche permet de corriger 5,5% d’incohérences en plus en un temps 3,3% plus faible. / The development of highly complex products requires the maintenance of a huge set of inter-dependent documents, in various formats. Unfortunately, no tool or methodology is available today to systematically maintain consistency between all these documents. Therefore, according to observations made in STMicroelectronics, when a document changes, stakeholders must manually propagate the changes to the impacted set of dependent documents. For various reasons, they may not well propagate the change, or even may not propagate it at all. Related documents thereby diverge more and more over time. It dramatically impacts productivity to realign documents and make the very wide-ranging corpus of documents consistent. This paper proposes a methodology to help stakeholders to systematically maintain consistency between documents, based on the Architecture Description concept introduced by ISO42010. First, a model is defined to describe formally and completely correspondences between Architecture Description Elements of documents. This model is designed to be independent of documents formats, selected system development lifecycle and the working methods of the industry. Second, these correspondences are analyzed in case of document modification in order to help stakeholders maintaining global corpus consistency. A prototype has been developed, which implements the proposed approach, to evaluate the methodology. 18 subjects volunteered to evaluate the approach. These subjects made two tests (with and without our methodology) involving the correction of inconsistencies added in a set of documents. These tests allowed us to identify two variables: the number of inconsistencies corrected and the average time to correct the inconsistencies. According to our study, the use of the approach helps to correct 5.5% more inconsistencies in a time 3.3% lower.

[pt] Transparência é um critério de qualidade crítico para sociedades democráticas modernas. Como o software permeia a sociedade, a transparência se tornou uma preocupação para softwares operando em domínios públicos, sejam eles eGovernment, eCommerce ou softwares sociais. Dessa forma, a transparência de software está se tornando um critério de qualidade que demanda mais atenção dos desenvolvedores de software. Requisitos de transparência em um sistema de software estão relacionados a requisitos não-funcionais, como disponibilidade, usabilidade, informatividade, entendimento e auditabilidade. Entretanto, requisitos de transparência são especialmente difíceis de serem validados devido à natureza subjetiva dos conceitos envolvidos. Essa tese propõe o desenvolvimento intencional de software transparente dirigido por requisitos de transparência. Os requisitos de transparência são elicitados com o apoio de um catálogo de padrões de requisitos, relativamente validados pelos interessados através do uso de argumentação e representados em modelos intencionais. Modelos intencionais são fundamentais para a transparência de software, uma vez que associam aos requisitos as metas e os critérios de qualidade esperados pelos interessados e que justificam as decisões tomadas. Um sistema exemplo foi implementado como um sistema multi-agentes intencional, ou seja, com agentes colaborativos que implementam o modelo Belief-Desire-Intention e que são capazes de raciocinar sobre metas e critérios de qualidade. Essa tese discute as questões importantes para o sucesso da nossa abordagem de desenvolvimento de software transparente, como: (i) rastreabilidade requisitos-código e código-requisitos; (ii) o uso de lógica nebulosa para desenvolver uma máquina de raciocínio para agentes intencionais; (iii) a aplicação de argumentação para a validação relativa de requisitos de transparência através da obtenção de um consenso entre os interessados; e (iv) pré-rastreabilidade colaborativa para modelos intencionais baseada nas interações sociais. Nossas idéias foram validadas através de estudos de caso em diferentes domínios, tal como computação ubíqua e aplicações Web. / [en] Transparency is a critical quality criterion to modern democratic societies. As software permeates society, transparency has become a concern to public domain software, as eGovernment, eCommerce or social software. Therefore, software transparency is becoming a quality criterion that demands more attention from software developers. In particular, transparency requirements of a software system are related to non-functional requirements, e.g. availability, usability, informativeness, understandability and auditability. However, transparency requirements are particularly difficult to validate due to the subjective nature of the involved concepts. This thesis proposes a transparency-requirements-driven intentional development of transparent software. Transparency requirements are elicited with the support of a requirements patterns catalog, relatively validated by the stakeholders through argumentation and represented on intentional models. Intentional models are fundamental to software transparency, as they associate goals and quality criteria expected by the stakeholders with the software requirements. The goals and quality criteria also justify the decisions made during software development. A system was implemented as an intentional multi-agents system, i.e., a system with collaborative agents that implement the Belief-Desire- Intention model and that are capable of reasoning about goals and quality criteria. This thesis discusses important questions to the success of our approach to the development of transparent software, such as: (i) forward and backward traceability; (ii) a fuzzy-logic based reasoning engine for intentional agents; (iii) the application of an argumentation framework to relatively validate transparency requirements through stakeholders’ multi-party agreement; and (iv) collaborative pre-traceability for intentional models based on social interactions. Our ideas were validated through case studies from different domains, such as ubiquitous computing and Web applications.

The master thesis is focused on implementing a module for batch traceability into the existing SCADA system MagmaView. First, the theoretical part is dedicated to the research of ANSI/ISA-95 standard and traceability problematics in the process industry. First, the practical part analyses the design of the data model and model for user interaction. The next topic is the implementation of the mentioned models using several software tools such as the graphical environment of MagmaView, Groovy scripting, and communication with SQL database. Part of the implementation is also a testing project simulating a simple production process and the needs of the operator to work with the batches.

This thesis deals with issues related to the identifiability and traceability of parts manufacturing company engaged in the aviation industry. The paper summarizes the international standard ČSN EN ISO 9001 and ČSN EN 9100, according to which the company is certified, and other in-house standards under which it dealt with the interpretation of international standards. Subsequent to solve the problem is the result of consultation within the company and market research, dealing with the identification of products. The proposed solutions are a self-adhesive label, which allows companies to leverage existing technology of barcodes generated by the SAP system and the simplicity of using the stickers. It is possible their reapplied after each operation, which was performed on the work piece and the staff are on the barcode system used, ie no need for complex training.

La globalizzazione del mercato agroalimentare ha determinato una crescente attenzione da parte dei consumatori verso i prodotti alimentari, non solo in termini di qualità e di sicurezza, ma anche di origine geografica. Infatti, il territorio d’origine ha un forte impatto sull’alimento, dovuto alle condizioni pedoclimatiche che ne determinano le caratteristiche. Poiché non esistono dei metodi analitici di routine per l’autenticazione della provenienza geografica, lo scopo del progetto di ricerca è quello di determinare l’origine geografica e l’autenticità degli alimenti mediante profiling dei composti fenolici e steroli, grazie all’applicazione di tecnologie omiche, tecniche statistiche e chemometriche. La componente fenolica e/o steroli dei campioni, viene analizzata tramite cromatografia liquida (UHPLC) accoppiata ad uno spettrometro di massa (Q-TOF-MS). I dati così ottenuti, vengono elaborati mediante statistica multivariata. L’applicazione combinata di avanzate tecnologie omiche e tecniche statistiche chemometriche ha portato come risultato l’effettiva identificazione della provenienza geografica e autenticità di numerose matrici alimentari. I dati ottenuti dimostrano che i metaboliti secondari possiedono proprietà discriminanti. L’approccio di metabolomica UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS combinato a una statistica multivariata risulta essere adeguato per identificare potenziali markers. Il lavoro attuale è focalizzato sulla ricerca di nuovi metaboliti che, insieme a fenoli e steroli possano confermare la potenza di questo approccio. / Nowadays, food traceability is a growing consumer interest worldwide. Food traceability could be considered a fundamental tool for ensuring safety and high quality of food. Food quality is based not only on the safety and integrity of food, but also on the authenticity, the genuineness of the raw material and the geographical origin. The aim of the work was to investigate the potential of untargeted metabolomics to ensure the authenticity and traceability of foods. Secondary metabolites, like polyphenols and sterols, could be conveniently used to meet this goal due to their chemical diversity and their responses to environmental stimuli. Samples were analyzed through UHPLC-ESI/QTOF-MS. The obtained data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. The obtained results showed that secondary metabolites can be efficiently used for authenticity and traceability purposes, with regards to cultivars and geographical origin. These information confirm the role of environmental factors in shaping the actual profile of secondary metabolites in plant foods. The markers found could be used for a target quantification method, a less expensive and less sophisticated analysis, in order to provide an efficient tool that could help to guarantee food quality on routine basis.