Entre os fatores que geram o alto custo da rastreabilidade, está a dificuldade na criação e manutenção de relações precisas entre artefatos. Praticamente todas as metodologias existentes preocupam-se em relacionar artefatos diretamente entre si, o que dificulta o uso de processos automatizados na derivação de novos relacionamentos, bem como na manutenção dos já existentes. Com base nestas observações, o presente trabalho propõe o uso de estruturas intermediárias nos relacionamentos, chamadas de entidades, para representar os interesses tratados pelos artefatos, e derivar, automaticamente, relações complexas entre os mesmos. Este modelo foi avaliado por profissionais da indústria e apresentou-se como solução de rastreamento viável, em comparação com as tradicionais matrizes de rastreabilidade. Espera-se que este sirva como base para soluções inovadoras na área, que ainda é considerada problemática. / The difficulties in creation and maintenance of precise relationships between artifacts are the root cause of traceability high cost. VirtualIy alI existing methodologies propose solutions that relate artifacts directly among themselves, what hinders the use of automated processes to derivate new relationships, as welI as maintaining existing ones automaticalIy. Based on these observations, this work proposes the use of intermediate structures, calIed entities, to represent the interests present on traced artifacts. These entities can be used to derive, automaticalIy, complex relationships between artifacts. The proposed model was evaluated by industry professionals and was considered by them as a viable solution for traceability when compared to the traditional traceability matrices. It is believed that this model will serve as a basis for innovative research solutions in traceability, which is still considered a problematic field.

abstract: Designing a hazard intelligence platform enables public agencies to organize diversity and manage complexity in collaborative partnerships. To maintain the integrity of the platform while preserving the prosocial ethos, understanding the dynamics of “non-regulatory supplements” to central governance is crucial. In conceptualization, social responsiveness is shaped by communicative actions, in which coordination is attained through negotiated agreements by way of the evaluation of validity claims. The dynamic processes involve information processing and knowledge sharing. The access and the use of collaborative intelligence can be examined by notions of traceability and intelligence cohort. Empirical evidence indicates that social traceability is statistical significant and positively associated with the improvement of collaborative performance. Moreover, social traceability positively contributes to the efficacy of technical traceability, but not vice versa. Furthermore, technical traceability significantly contributes to both moderate and high performance improvement; while social traceability is only significant for moderate performance improvement. Therefore, the social effect is limited and contingent. The results further suggest strategic considerations. Social significance: social traceability is the fundamental consideration to high cohort performance. Cocktail therapy: high cohort performance involves an integrative strategy with high social traceability and high technical traceability. Servant leadership: public agencies should exercise limited authority and perform a supporting role in the provision of appropriate technical traceability, while actively promoting social traceability in the system. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2015

Orientadores: Mario Jino, Adalberto Nobiato Crespo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T16:58:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cruz_JorgeLuizda_M.pdf: 7882925 bytes, checksum: 22c00381be75943036b99c042ac78278 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Software possui um papel fundamental em inúmeras aplicações e a qualidade de produtos de software é crucial na competitividade das empresas produtoras de software, que dedicam esforço crescente na busca por boa qualidade nos seus produtos. Neste contexto, o teste é reconhecido como um processo fundamental para alcançar este objetivo; entretanto, testar software sistematicamente não é uma tarefa trivial. Para que o teste tenha efetividade e eficácia, além dos aspectos relacionados à avaliação do software, ele deve fazer uso de documentação de boa qualidade: toda a informação registrada deve estar atualizada e consistente; além disso, informação associada deve ser rastreável. É proposto um modelo de rastreabilidade para a informação contida na documentação do processo de teste; o modelo de dados desenvolvido dá suporte tanto à documentação baseada na norma IEEE Std 829-1998, como à rastreabilidade de toda informação associada; um protótipo de ferramenta foi desenvolvido para implementar o modelo de dados e o modelo de rastreabilidade. / Abstract: Software plays a key role in many applications and quality of software products is crucial in the competitivity of software development companies, which are increasingly putting effort in the quest for good quality in their products. In this context, testing is recognized as a key process to achieve this goal; however, systematic software testing is not an easy activity. For testing to have effectiveness and efficacy, in addition to product evaluation aspects, it must make use of good quality documentation: all the recorded information must be up to date and consistent; also, associated information must be traceable. A traceability model is proposed for the information contained in the documentation of the testing process; the data model developed gives support to documentation based on the standard IEEE Std 829-1998, as well as to traceability of all associated information; a prototype tool was developed to implement the data model and the traceability model. / Mestrado / Engenharia de Computação / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Este trabalho apresenta o projeto e desenvolvimento de dois sistemas de calibração de acelerômetros. O primeiro sistema foi desenvolvido a partir de um sistema interferométrico laser Hewlett-Packard (HP 5529A), utilizado como padrão de referência absoluta. Este sistema foi projetado com o propósito de calibrar acelerômetros-padrão de comparação e acelerômetros-padrão de transferência. O segundo sistema de calibração utiliza como padrão de referência acelerômetros-padrão de comparação. Este segundo sistema foi projetado com o objetivo de calibrar acelerômetros de uso corriqueiro. Desta forma, o conjunto formado pelos dois sistemas de calibração podem ser rastreáveis até os padrões primários, nacionais e internacionais. Para cada um dos sistemas de calibração são apresentadas discussões relativas às suas características construtivas, aos testes de operação e às avaliações sobre os desempenhos alcançados. / This work presents the design and development of two accelerometer calibration systems. The first system was developed from a Hewlett-Packard laser interferometric system (HP 5529A), taken as an absolute reference standard. This system was designed to allow calibration of comparison standard accelerometers and transfer standard accelerometers. The second calibration system, which employs comparison standard accelerometers as reference, was designed to calibrate common use accelerometers. Thus, the arrangement of the two calibration systems can be traceable until the primary national and international standards. For each calibration system, a discussion is presented, concerning their constructive characteristics, operation testing and evaluation of accomplished performance.

O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores e exportadores de carne bovina do planeta e com a expectativa de ser responsável por 45% do consumo mundial sendo que a maior parte de seu consumo ainda é local. Para se manter nesta posição e expandir suas vendas tanto no mercado interno como externo é importante que se garanta a qualidade do produto. Esta qualidade só é conseguida quando se consegue gerenciar todo o processo da cadeia produtiva, de forma a permitir o registro de todos os dados do animal na cadeia de produção. Tanto o governo através do SISBOV como grandes distribuidores possuem sistemas de gerenciamento que através de técnicas de rastreabilidade permitem ter este controle. A identificação do animal é ponto chave para a rastreabilidade que hoje é feita através de bottons, transponders, brincos entre outros. Todos estes métodos são invasivos e suscetíveis a perdas e adulterações. Esta dissertação mostra a viabilidade de inserir em sistemas de rastreabilidade existentes ou não a inclusão de identificação biométrica e usa como exemplo o focinho nasal do bovino. Para tanto desenvolveu-se programas para entrada de informações através de um celular com sistema operacional Android que em conjunto com programas desenvolvidos para rodarem na WEB pudessem cadastrar e confirmar a identidade do animal. Os testes mostraram a capacidade do aplicativo Android em localizar o espelho nasal e coletar o mesmo. Com os dados coletados foi possível armazenar as informações ou confirmar a identidade do animal por meio dos serviços do servidor. Mostrou-se desta forma viável a utilização deste tipo de identificação em sistemas de gerenciamento novos ou já existentes. / Brazil is one of the largest producers and exporters of beef in the world and with the expectation of being responsible for 45% of global consumption and the largest part of consumption is still locall. To stay in this position and to expand its sales both in domestic and foreign markets is important to ensure product quality. This quality is achieved only when you can manage the entire process of the production chain in order to allow the registration of all animal data in the production chain. The government through SISBOV and large distributors have been working with management systems through traceability techniques. Animal identification is key to the traceability and nowadays is made via bottoms, transponders, earrings among others. All these methods are invasive and susceptible to loss and tampering. This work shows the feasibility of entering into existing traceability systems or not the inclusion of biometric identification and uses as an example the nasal muzzle beef. For both developed programs to input information through a mobile phone with Android operating system in conjunction with programs designed to be web based solution could register and confirm the identity of the animal. All results was able to shown the system performance by showing that it was possible to store the information or confirm the identity of the animal through the server services. The methodology proposed could be useful in commercial applications focusing in bovine traceability.

[pt] Aborda-se o conhecido problema H2/Hinf - otimização de um funcional de custo definido em termos de uma norma quadrática com restrição definida em termos de uma norma infinito para o qual se estuda um método para a obtenção de soluções aproximadas, baseado na solução de seqüências de problema H2/H2 problemas de otimização com funcionais de custo quadráticos e restrições definidas em termos de normas quadráticas. Apresentam-se exemplos numéricos que permitem avaliar o desempenho do método. Estuda-se, também, o problema do rastreamento assintótico de sinais persistentes com restrições de desacoplamento total ou parcial - para sistemas lineares de controle em dimensão finiita. Para aqueles controladores que alcançam as propriedades do desacoplamento e do rastreamento, obtém- se a solução de um problema de otimização H2 - funcional de custo quadrático. Apresentam-se exemplos numéricos enfatizando o aumento do custo ótimo quando se impõe o desacoplamento total e como se pode obter um compromisso entre o valor do custo ótimo e o nível de desacoplamento do sistema através da solução de um problema H2/H2. / [en] A new method to obtain approximate solutions to H2/HINF problems is presented. This method is based on the solution of sequences of H2/H2 problems. Numerical examples are given to show the performance of the method. This work also considers the problem of asymptotic tracking of persistent signals and decoupling - include approximate decoupling to control linear systems. Undo these constraints, a H2 - optimization problem is resolved.

Requirements traceability provides support for many software engineering activities like impact analysis, requirements validation and regression testing. In addition requirements traceability is the recognized component of many software process improvement initiatives. Requirements traceability also helps to control and manage evolution of a software system. This thesis presents a systematic review and a framework for requirements traceability. The systematic review is aimed at presenting fair evaluation of research concerning requirements traceability over the period 1997 – 2007. The systematic review aims at identifying probable gaps in research about requirements traceability and opens new horizons to explore. Moreover, two companies have been interviewed to understand the practice of requirements traceability in industry. After the analysis of industrial interviews these companies have been classified into two categories of traceability users. These categories are high-end traceability users and low-end traceability users. Based on the analysis of systematic review results and industrial interviews, this thesis presents a framework for requirements traceability called ‘Three Level Framework for Requirements Traceability (TLFRT)’. This framework is composed of three levels. The level 0 of this framework focuses on pre-RS traceability where as level 1 and level 2 focuses on post-RS traceability. The level 1 provide traceability for the functional requirements, where as level 2 provide traceability for non-functional requirements. TLFRT provides guidelines to a process that can be tailored to fit the needs of the high-end traceability users and low-end traceability users as well. This framework has been statically validated in two companies. The validation of TLFRT in industry resulted in compilation of lessons learned, which ensures that this theoretical framework could also be used in real industrial environment. The results of the research presented in this thesis are aimed at supporting requirements traceability by taking its current issues/challenges into account. / 0046(0)707381947

The focus of this research is in the area of Remote Condition Monitoring (RCM) for use within intermodal transport and logistics industries. For many years the intermodal transport industry has utilised these RCM systems that have in built flaws due to the subsystems they use.

La traçabilité est considérée comme une réponse à l’état d’incertitude lié principalement aux crises alimentaires de la fin du XXème siècle. Avec la mise en application de la réglementation européenne n°178/2002 le 1er janvier 2005, tous les acteurs de la chaîne alimentaire doivent être mobilisés afin d’apporter le maximum de garantie et d’assurance aux consommateurs finaux, que cela soit en termes de qualité et en termes de sécurité. Pour le cas de la filière des dattes tunisienne, la traçabilité -en tant que démarche de management stratégique- apparaît comme une innovation managériale qui se situe toujours en phase d’adoption. Notre travail de recherche s’inscrit dans ce cadre. L’objectif est d’identifier les déterminants de l’adoption d’une démarche de traçabilité dans le cadre spécifique des entreprises de conditionnement de dattes en Tunisie. Nous présentons une modélisation en ce sens, en proposant d’associer la théorie des parties prenantes à celle de la diffusion et de l’adoption d’une innovation de Rogers (1962, 2003). Nous discutons les trois propositions génériques de recherche émises, en se fondant sur une analyse qualitative auprès des conditionneurs de dattes considérés comme « pionniers » en matière de traçabilité tunisienne.Les résultats de la recherche aboutissent à l’élaboration d’un ensemble de déterminants de l’adoption de la traçabilité dans le cadre du maillon conditionneurs de la filière des dattes en Tunisie. Il s’agit des caractéristiques de la traçabilité, des caractéristiques de l’organisation et, des caractéristiques de l’environnement tels que précisés dans notre modèle, auquel il convient d’ajouter un quatrième élément issus de l’analyse des entretiens et qui concerne les facteurs transversaux. / The traceability is considered as an answer to the state of uncertainty due mainly to the foodcrises of the end of the XXth century. With the application of the European regulationsn°178/2002 on January 1st, 2005, all the actors of the food chain must be mobilized to bring the maximum of guarantee and insurance to the final consumers, in terms of quality and safety. In the case of the Tunisian date sector, the traceability - as an approach of strategic management- appears like a managerial innovation which always comes within the phase of adoption.Our research comes within the scope of this framework. The aim of this research is to identify the determiners of the adoption of an approach of traceability with the example of the companies of date conditioning in Tunisia. So we present a modelling by suggesting associating the theory of the stakeholders to the theory of diffusion and adoption of the innovation.We discuss three generic propositions of research put forward by basing on a qualitative analysis with conditioning date companies considered as "pioneers" in tunisian traceability.The results of this research end up in the elaboration of a set of determiners of the adoption of the traceability with in the conditioning date companies’ link in Tunisia. It represents the characteristics of the traceability, the characteristics of the organization and, the characteristics of the environment such as specified in our model, to which it is advisable to add the fourth element stemming from the analysis of the interviews and which concerns the transversal factors.

<p>Anti-counterfeiting and provenance determination are serious concerns in many industries, including automotive, aerospace, and defense. These concerns are addressed by ensuring traceability during manufacturing, transport, and use of goods. In increasingly globalized manufacturing contexts, one-size-fits-all traceability solutions are not always appropriate. Manufacturers may not have the means to re-tool production to meet marking, tagging, or other traceability requirements. This is especially true when manufacturers require high processing flexibility to produce specialized parts, as is increasingly the case in modern supply chains. Counterfeiters and saboteurs, meanwhile, have a growing attack surface over which to interfere with existing supply chains, and have a leg up when implementation details of traceability methods are widely known. There is a growing need to provide solutions to traceability that i) are particularized to specific industrial contexts with heterogeneous security and robustness requirements, and ii) reliably transmit information needed for traceability throughout the product life cycle. </p> <p><br></p><p>This dissertation presents investigations into tailorable traceability schemes for modern manufacturing, with a focus on applications in additive manufacturing. The primary contributions of this dissertation are frameworks for designing traceability schemes that i) achieve traceability through recovery of manufacturer-specified signals, from simple identity information to more detailed strings of provenance data, and ii) are tuned to maximize information carrying capacity subject to the available data and intended use cases faced by the manufacturer.</p> <p><br></p><p>In the vein of physically unclonable function (PUF) literature, these frameworks leverage the intrinsic information present in material structure, such as phase or grain statistics. These structures, being functions of largely random and uncontrollable physical and chemical processes, are by their nature uncontrollable by a manufacturer. According to the frameworks proposed in this dissertation, anti-counterfeiting and traceability schemes are designed by extracting large libraries of features from these properties, and designing methods for identifying parts based on a subset of the extracted features that demonstrate good utility for the present use case. Such schemes are customized to handle specific material systems, metrology, expected part damage, and other concerns raised by a manufacturer or other supply chain stakeholders.</p> <p><br></p><p>First, this dissertation presents a framework that leverages this intrinsic information, and models for damage that may occur during use, for designing schemes for genuinity determination. Such schemes are useful in contexts like anti-counterfeiting and part tracing. Once this framework is established, it is then extended to design schemes for dynamically and securely embedding manufacturer-specified messages during the manufacturing process, with a focus on implementation in additive manufacturing. Such schemes leverage both the intrinsic information inherent to the material / manufacturing process and extrinsically introduced information. This extrinsic information may include cryptographic keys, message information, and specifications regarding how an authorized user may read the embedded message. The resulting embedding schemes are formalized as "malleable PUFs.'' </p> <p><br></p><p>The outcomes of these investigations are frameworks for designing, evaluating, and implementing traceability schemes that can be used by manufacturers, academics, and other stakeholders seeking to implement secure and informative traceability schemes subject to their own unique constraints. Importantly, these frameworks can be adapted for a range of industrial contexts, and can be readily extended as new methods for in-situ measurement and control in additive manufacturing are developed.</p>