In 2000 “the European Union and South Africa Free Trade Agreement” was established with the aim to gradually increase the amount of duty-free agricultural and industrial products to each market. The aim of this paper is to investigate if South Africa benefits from the EU-SA Free Trade Agreement and also what impacts this agreement has on South Africa’s trade with Southern Africa and the rest of the world. The result from the study indicates that South Africa benefits from the agreement in terms of improve trade. The result also shows that South Africa’s trade with some Southern African countries has been negative effected by the agreement but it is difficult to state if this is caused by the agreement or not. The rest of the world has not been negatively affected by the agreement.

xiii, 103 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / NAFTA has had a significant impact on production, exchange, and labor throughout North America. An area significantly transformed by NAFTA is the maquiladora production region in northern Mexico. While once predominantly a female space of labor, we now see more male workers employed by industrial units there than in the past. This thesis interrogates what has happened to the women workers of the maquiladoras. In what ways have NAFTA, global economic restructuring, and the resultant legal atmosphere affected women's daily lives and employment opportunities? What strategies of resistance have these women developed to contend with the new economic landscape? I argue that women are adapting by moving away from the U.S.- Mexico border to work in garment industries and resisting the economic and social pressures resulting from globalization by engaging in subtle protests within in the maquiladoras, opting to participate in the informal economy, and utilizing community groups to facilitate social change. / Committee in Charge: Dr. Anita M. Weiss, Chair; Professor Ibrahim Gassama; Professor Marcela Mendoza

Considering the obstacles to the conclusion of the Doha Round of international trade negotiations, bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) are the new trend emerging in international relations. Hence, the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and China intend to negotiate such an agreement in order to promote trade and investment between their markets. However, SACU is an organisation with a colonial legacy that continues to debilitate the economies of its weaker member states. Discrepancies in its administration and operation threaten the integrity of the customs union, especially when third parties are involved. This study assesses the politics of trade in the Southern African Customs Union, and the prospect of a FTA with the People’s Republic of China. It explores the quantity and quality of trade between the parties, as well as the role of the state in encouraging economic diplomacy. The dissertation draws on the experiences of other developing countries that have signed FTAs with stronger economies, in order to provide policy recommendations that will steer sustainable trade relations between SACU and China that will be aligned to SACU’s development agenda. The study concludes that a FTA will stimulate a restructuring of SACU’s trade partners, without creating a significant increase in production or employment. Furthermore, the cost competitiveness of Chinese imports will cripple the respective SACU industries, cause unemployment and negate prospects of new industrialisation in certain sectors of the economy. SACU’s strategy for trade liberalisation should be incremental and sector specific. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Political Sciences / unrestricted

This master thesis is focused on the Transtlantic Trade and Investment Partnership and its possible impact on the EU and the US. The aim is to examine the economic and geopolitical implications that could come out of this deal. Closer look on this issue should bring a complex overview on the most discussed trade agreement in international relationship in the 21st century. Comparative approach will be used for detail analysis. Thesis deals with the comparison with current state of bilateral trade between EU and US. In more details TTIP negotiations are being described in this thesis as well its basic concept, advantages and disadvantages for both parties and impacts on Europe and US markets.

EU-Ukraine trade relations are important for both parties: for the EU it is a new market with huge land and labor potential, for Ukraine it is a short-term perspective to modernize it's economy. For now the trade and investment relations are not developed as they can be, in this work we analyze the current trade and investment flows between EU and Ukraine, determine the key partners and industries. In order to bring the relations to the new level, we analyze the possible impact of Free Trade Agreement on the both sides in general and more specifically regarding key industries. The result is the recommendation to continue EU-Ukraine integration, especially in terms of economical cooperation.

Cette thèse vise à contribuer aux récents débats sur les avantages potentiels de l'ouverture commerciale entre les pays Africains. Elle le fait en abordant la triptyque Accords Régionaux de Commerce(ACRs), bien-être et conflits.Le continent Africain fait face aujourd’hui à deux enjeux majeurs de gouvernance : l’intégration régionale et la gestion des conflits armés. En effet, les performances commerciales des pays africains restent toujours marginales comparativement au reste du monde. Et ce, malgré les différentes politiques commerciales mises en œuvre depuis les années 70 (politique d'import-substitution, accord régional nord-sud, etc.…). Parmi ces politiques commerciales, les gouvernements Africains ont décidé de privilégier les accords régionaux en vu d’accroître le commerce entre les pays membres. Ces accords ont-ils eu l'effet escompté ? Dans quelle mesure ?Si on se réfère au point de vue largement partagé, la réponse semble être négative. Cependant cette réponse ignore les bénéfices politiques potentiels de l'ouverture commerciale. A ce titre, le travail présenté ici étudie l'effet des accords régionaux africains sur le commerce et le bien-être. Cela en utilisant les derniers développements de la théorie du commerce international ainsi que les meilleures techniques d'estimations des équations de gravité. Deuxièmement, Nous analysons l'effet de l'augmentation du commerce sur la probabilité de survenance d'une guerre civile à la fois de façon théorique et empirique. Les résultats obtenus, nous permettent de conclure que sans la signature des ACRs, près de la moitié des échanges entre leurs membres n'auraient pas été réalisé. D'autre part, cette thèse affirme que le commerce, à la fois domestique et international permet de diminuer le risque de conflit civil en Afrique. / This thesis aims to contribute to recent debates on the potential benefits of trade openness among African countries. This, by addressing the triptych regional trade agreements, welfare and conflict.The African continent is currently facing two major governance challenges: regional integration and the management of armed conflicts. Indeed, the trade performance of African countries remains marginal compared to the rest of the world. This is despite the different trade policies implemented since the 1970s (import substitution policy, North-South regional agreement, etc.). Among these trade policies, African governments have decided to focus on regional agreements in order to increase trade among member countries. Have these agreements had the expected effect ? To what extent ?If we refer to popular belief, the answer seems to be no. However, this answer ignores the potential political benefits of trade openness. As such, the work presented here first examines the effect of African regional agreements on trade and welfare. This is done using the latest developments in international trade theory and the best techniques for estimating gravity equations. Second, we analyze both theoretically and empirically the effect of increased trade on the probability of a civil war occurring. The results obtained allow us to conclude, on the one hand, that nearly half of the trade between members of trade agreements in Africa would not have been possible without the signing of the RTAs. On the other hand, both domestic and international trade, reduces the risk of civil conflict in Africa.

The objective of this paper is to assess the bilateral exports from an origin to a destination, in the context of countries belonging to the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN), and whether or not the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA) leads to trade creation or trade diversion, or both. To study this, a panel gravity model is employed with 135 countries, from 2000-2014, using a Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood method (PPML). To study the impact of AFTA on trade creation/diversion, a set of three dummy variables are used, denoting whether the origin country belongs to ASEAN, whether the destination country belongs to ASEAN and finally, whether both origin and the destination countries belong to ASEAN. Along with AFTA, five other Regional Trade Agreements (RTA) are also taken into account. The main finding of this paper is that there is no pure trade creation nor pure trade diversion due to AFTA, but rather a significant export trade creation, that is, ASEAN’s exports to the rest of the world is positive and significant. Future policy implications could include measures to strengthen the regional economic cooperation amongst the members of ASEAN.

La presente tesis tiene como objetivo determinar los factores más relacionados con las exportaciones de pisco a España bajo el marco del TLC con la Unión Europea durante el periodo de 2012 a 2018. Para ello, se ha dividido en cinco capítulos: marco teórico, plan de investigación, metodología de trabajo, desarrollo y aplicación, análisis de los resultados, y consideraciones finales y recomendaciones. En primer lugar, se detalla la literatura que sostiene los fundamentos aplicados en el trabajo, constituyendo los antecedentes epistemológicos, las bases teóricas y un marco conceptual, cuya pretensión es contextualizar la manera en que se abordará el tema del estudio. En segundo lugar, se plantea el eje del plan de investigación delimitando los problemas, el general y los específicos, justificando la elección del tema y acotando los límites a los que este se vio sometido. Adicionalmente, se establecen las hipótesis y los objetivos del trabajo. En tercer lugar, se precisa la metodología de trabajo, es decir, los procedimientos aplicados para el desarrollo de la investigación, así como la obtención de la muestra. En cuarto lugar, el capítulo N° 4 como el desarrollo y la aplicación, se explican las herramientas manejadas para llevar a cabo lo proyectado en el capítulo anterior. En quinto lugar, se analiza los resultados, exponiendo el material obtenido de la investigación y verificando si las hipótesis planteadas inicialmente son válidas o no. Finalmente, en sexto lugar, se describen las consideraciones finales y recomendaciones productos del análisis realizado, contrastando el escenario inicial con los resultados obtenidos. / The aim of this research is to determine the factors that are related to pisco exports to Spain within the framework of the Free Trade Agreement with the European Union during the period 2012 to 2018. For it, the thesis is divided into five chapters: theoretical framework, research plan, work methodology, development and application, analysis of results, and conclusions and recommendations. First of all, chapter N° 1 details the literature that supports the foundations applied in the work, constituting the epistemological background, the theoretical bases and a conceptual framework, whose purpose is to contextualize the way in which the topic of the study will be approached. Then, chapter N° 2 presents the axis of the research plan delimiting the problems, the general and the specific ones, justifying the choice of the subject and delimiting the limits to which it was imposed. Additionally, the hypotheses and objectives of the work are established. Subsequently, chapter N° 3 specifies the methodology, explaining the procedures applied for the development of the research, as well as obtaining the sample. Furthermore, chapter N° 4 describe the tools used to carry out the projections in the previous chapter are explained. Moreover, chapter N° 5 will analyze the results, exposing the material obtained from the research and verifying if the hypotheses initially proposed are valid or not. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations resulting from the carried-out analysis are described, contrasting the initial scenario with the results obtained. / Tesis

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / As a signatory to the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) agreement, a preferential trade agreement (PTA) with the United States, South Africa derives several benefits. PTAs grant access to certain products from developing countries and, while the tariffs are sometimes not completely removed, the tariffs charged are far less than those imposed on countries that are not included in the trade agreement. There is strong evidence that PTAs increase trade and investment between member countries. South African exports of goods and services to the US under AGOA have increased by 104% since 2000. While PTAs seem to benefit developing countries at the aggregate level, not much is known about the winners and losers from preferential trade liberalisation at the level of the firm. This study assessed the PTA benefits of AGOA at the firm level within the South African poultry sector. / 2023

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los factores que influyeron en el incremento de las exportaciones de uvas frescas de la región de Ica bajo el TLC Perú-China del periodo 2008-2019. Donde se investigó, como esta integración comercial benefició al Perú para generar una mayor exportación en sus productos agropecuarios, en este caso la uva. En el primer capítulo, se presentan los antecedentes; bases teóricas de internacionalización, negociación internacional, factores determinantes de empresas exportadoras y la descripción de la uva. En el segundo capítulo, se muestra el análisis del contexto de la investigación y se plantea el problema, los objetivos y las hipótesis. En el tercer capítulo, se describe la metodología, la cual es mixta, también se menciona los perfiles de empresas exportadoras de uvas y se encuentra la relación entre las variables de cada factor. Para ello, se entrevistó a empresas exportadoras de uvas de Ica. En el cuarto capítulo, se presenta la aplicación, estructura y análisis de las encuentras elaboradas a expertos y especialistas en comercio internacional y en exportación de uvas. Así mismo, se analizan los resultados obtenidos del SPSS. En el quinto capítulo, se validan las hipótesis planteadas para esta investigación. Finalmente, en el sexo capítulo, se describe las conclusiones y recomendaciones de los resultados elaborados en este estudio. / This research aims to analyze the factors that influenced the increase in exports of fresh grapes from the Ica region under the Peru-China FTA of 2008-2019. Where it was investigated, how this commercial integration benefited Peru to generate a greater export in its agricultural products, in this case the grape. In the first chapter, the background is presented; theoretical bases of internationalization, international negotiation, determining factors of the exporting companies and the description of the grape. In the second chapter, the analysis of the research context is shown and the problem, objectives and hypotheses are presented. In the third chapter, the methodology is described, which is mixed, the profiles of the grape exporting companies are also mentioned and the relationship between the variables of each factor is found. To do this, Ica grape exporting companies were interviewed. In the fourth chapter, its application, structure and analysis are presented to experts and specialists in international trade and export of grapes. Likewise, the results obtained from the SPSS are analyzed. In the fifth chapter, the hypotheses proposed for this investigation are validated. Finally, in the sex chapter, the conclusions and recommendations of the results elaborated in this study are described. / Tesis