Summary Universal globalization is best of all reflected by trademark spread. Trademarks are autonomous objects of agreements. Unregistered trademarks are characterized with high integrity as object of economic turnover; they quite easily spread over the boundaries of state jurisdiction. Unregistered trademark can not be protected by common legal means used in cases of registered trademarks. The fact that trademark is unregistered creates specificity in its protection, as parties are forced to use other grounds than rights of ownership created by the registered trademark. This paper analyses hypothesis that different size of material rights is owned by the user of a mark, owner of trademark application and owner of well-known trademark in each separate case and accordingly, the specificity of protection of interests of unregistered trademark depend upon it. Although the law does not cover agreements on trademark applications, however these agreements are not contradicting the said law. However, depending on circumstances of the case, such agreements on transfer of unregistered trademarks can not be considered perverse as there is no prohibition on such action. Therefore, it cannot be unambiguously stated that rights of ownership of unregistered trademark can or can not be transferred. The Law on Trademarks does not provide any method of trademark right protection in cases when trademark is unregistered, not applied for registration or can not be recognized as a... [to full text]

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-150). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

The thesis deals with the valuation of the trademark named "VLTAVOTÝNSKÉ KREMROLE". It is divided into five main parts. The first one examines external strategic potential based on past market characteristics and the future development. The same part analyses the internal strategic potential based on the potential of trademark's owner. In the second and third part I deal with the information about current financial indicators of the owner of the trade mark and their prognosis. The fourth part provides the results of the opinion survey which was targeted at the knowledge of valuated trademark between consumers and at their attitude to the trademark. The last part describes methods for valuation of the trademark and gives the final value of the trade mark.

see document / Master of Science in Education

Genericide is the process by which a trademarked term is used generically by the public and ultimately loses its legal trademark protections. The linguistic methods that courts have used to determine whether a given term is in the process of or has undergone genericide have historically relied on dictionaries. However, there has a been recent push to use corpus linguistics as a tool to aid in that determination for not only trademarks but word meaning in general (Hoopes, 2019; Lee & Mouritsen, 2018). In addition to corpus data, I argue that the use of experimental data via a linguistic questionnaire can support, validate, and clarify corpus findings and can be an additional means to aid in the determination of the semantic status of trademarked terms. Corpora comprised of texts from the social media website Reddit were created and concordance lines exhibiting uses of 24 terms (10 generic and 14 trademarked) were judged based on their semantic senses as interpreted by two raters. These concordance lines were compared to the responses of a linguistic questionnaire asking participants how they used those 24 terms. Results show that the questionnaire responses are comparable to and validate many of the results of the judging of the Reddit corpora. The questionnaire data provided clarity on use of terms deemed ambiguous by previous research. I assert that the use of questionnaire data is a useful option in researching the genericide phenomenon either in conjunction with corpus data or independently. Both methods are considered helpful for courtrooms and businesses in investigating genericide, but based on the findings of this thesis I advocate that neither method can determine genericide alone but should be only considered as aids to work in conjunction with other evidence and data.

I begin chapter I with an examination of the effect of broadband on quantitative and qualitative aspects of research. This paper investigates whether access to the Internet is positively correlated with journal articles. I employ data sets from the world bank for 190 countries from 2000 to 2018 and run two types of regressions: Poisson and Negative Binomial. Our results indicate that broadband facilitates to write more journal articles and get more citations. My second chapter concerns access to broadband, fixed telephone, and mobile cellular is expected to have a positive impact on innovations. This paper investigates whether or not access to the Internet and telephone is positively correlated with innovation. We employ data sets from the world bank for 190 countries from 2000 to 2018 and run two types of regressions: OLS and fixed effect. Within each method, we examine how the income-level of the countries affects the answer. Our results indicate that broadband, telephone, and mobile cellular facilitates innovation. We explore two possible explanations for this: i) there are increasing marginal benefits of broadband deployment, ii) broadband creates a positive externality that indirectly enhances innovation. The conclusion is robust to various income level countries. In the third chapter, I examine how a connection to the internet and telephone affect labor market outcomes. We employ datasets from the world bank for 190 countries from 2000 to 2018 and employ three types of regressions: OLS, fixed effect estimator, and non-linear model. Within each method, we examine how the income status, gender, education level affects the answer.

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I have chosen this topic because of my deep interest in the intellectual property rights and trademark issues especially. I consider trademarks one of the essential parts of the contemporary private law system, although it is very complicated to decide whether it pertains to the commercial law branch or to the civil law. Trademarks have connection to both the branches, but its legal provisions are highly specific and independent. The contemporary popularity of trademarks grows rapidly thanks to its major usability in practical life. Trademarks are irreplaceable, especially when there is a need to distinct between identical or similar goods and services that are offered by different producers or providers and are useful also, when there is a need to represent goods and services on the market. The trademarks can also be licensed, contractually transferred to other legal entity or can be the object of a deposit. The usability of the trademarks can be found also in their use as an immaterial investment in a company. I have chosen the trademarks topic because of its high practicality and because of creativity and originality of this legal branch. This thesis attempts to describe and analyze the trademark issues comprehensively focusing on the present legal regulation of this discipline. The thesis is...

Analysis of dissertation is focused on problematic aspects of trademark license agreement that exist throughout the conclusion, validity and termination of a contract. Problematic aspects are understood as legal interpretation cases where common and special norms have to be interpreted taking into account specifics of a contract object (right to a trademark). Problematic aspects are conditioned by two reasons: non comprehensive regulation of trademark license and sui generis nature of a contract. Those aspects are related to registration of license in trademark register, legal status of parties of license agreement, right to a trademark (its validity and modifications), transfer of a right to trademark, competition law, delimitation of trademark license agreement from other types of agreements and other problematic aspects. It is concluded that trademark license registration system does not correspond to the tendencies of modern trademark law anymore and registration system should be transformed by refusing of license registration as a condition to use license against third parties, however, leaving a possibility to register license if any of the parties wish to do so; right to apply to a court should be broadened for a non-exclusive license; licensee should not be per se deemed acting unfairly if he takes an action to revoke a trademark that is being license to him because of non use or invalidate it is because of non compliance to absolute grounds; absence of quality... [to full text] / Disertacijoje nagrinėjami prekių ženklo licencinės sutarties probleminiai aspektai, egzistuojantys licencinės sutarties sudarymo, jos galiojimo ir pasibaigimo metu. Probleminiai aspektai darbe suprantami kaip sutartį reglamentuojančių teisės normų aiškinimo atvejai, kuriems esant bendrąsias ir specialiąsias teisės normas būtina aiškinti atsižvelgiant į sutarties objekto (teisės į prekių ženklą) specifiką. Probleminiai aspektai yra sąlygojami dviejų priežasčių: neišsamaus licencinės sutarties reglamentavimo ir sui generis sutarties pobūdžio. Tai aspektai, susiję su sutarties registracija prekių ženklų registre, su sutarties šalių teisiniu statusu, su teise į prekių ženklą (jos galiojimu ar modifikavimu), šios teisės perdavimu, konkurencijos teise, licencinės sutarties atribojimu nuo kitų sutarčių ir bei kiti probleminiai aspektai. Darbe daromos išvados, jog prekių ženklų licencinių sutarčių registracijos sistema neatitinka šiuolaikinės teisės tendencijų ir licencinės sutarties registracijos kaip sąlygos sutartį panaudoti prieš trečiuosius asmenis turėtų būti atsisakyta, tačiau paliekant galimybę registruoti sutartį vienos iš sutarties šalių valia; siūloma išplėsti neišimtinio licenciato teisės kreiptis į teismą ribas; pažymima, kad licenciato veiksmai ginčijant jam licencijuojamą ženklą remiantis absoliučiais ženklo negaliojimo pagrindais ar dėl ženklo nenaudojimo neturėtų būti laikomi savaime nesąžiningais; licenciaro atliekamos kokybės kontrolės licencinėje sutartyje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

The aim of this diploma thesis was to compare the way the Oberbank AG trademark is perceived by the public and by the employees of the company and, using the analysis and comparison of the perception, to suggest a possible change in the company?s way of communication.