nÃo hà / A pesquisa diz respeito à construÃÃo da memÃria cÃvica piauiense e à invenÃÃo das tradiÃÃes inserindo-a no campo da HistÃria da EducaÃÃo e tem como foco principal as comemoraÃÃes cÃvicas que sÃo as festas que acontecem com a participaÃÃo da escola desde as festas de 7 de setembro festa da Ãrvore desfile da juventude e do pan-americanismo as festas de inauguraÃÃes festas de colaÃÃo de grau somando as homenagens Ãs autoridades aniversÃrios de governantes aniversÃrios do Estado Novo constituindo-se o calendÃrio cÃvico cumprido e organizado pela escola. Esta investigaÃÃo tem como intuito analisar esta memÃria destacando principalmente os aspectos relevantes para compreendÃ-la tais sejam: o tempo escolar o disciplinamento as disciplinas escolares e as festas cÃvicas elementos que constituem a memÃria cÃvica evidenciando a cidade e a rua como palco dos eventos onde ocorriam as festas cÃvicas. Este caminhar faz-se metodologicamente pela HistÃria Oral pelas lembranÃas de pessoas com setenta ou mais anos que vivenciaram estes momentos e tÃm alguma relaÃÃo com a escola e com a cidade e ainda, no manejo das fontes escritas como os periÃdicos locais O Piauhy O Momento DiÃrio Oficial o Almanaque da ParnaÃba e as Mensagens Governamentais. Mergulho nas prÃticas cotidianas e nas lembranÃas para problematizÃ-las e por fim compreender como ocorreu a invenÃÃo das tradiÃÃes cÃvicas e suas relaÃÃes com o ensino primÃrio durante a Era Vargas (1930-1945) cientes de que nossa investigaÃÃo constatou que este ensino deu-se no sentido do que era considerado moderno neste perÃodo formando sujeitos que construÃram as instituiÃÃes pesquisadas tornando-os civilizados nacionalistas e amantes da PÃtria / The research concerns the construction of civic memory of Piauà and the invention of traditions putting it into the area of History of Education and it has as its main focus the civic celebrations which are the festivals that take place with the participation of school since the parties on September 7th the feast of the tree the parade of youth and Americanism the opening parties graduation parties and besides the tributes to the authorities leadersâ birthdays anniversaries of the New State constituting the civic calendar carried out and organized by school. This research has the intention to analyze this memory especially highlighting the aspects relevant to understand it such as: school time the discipline the school subjects and civic events elements that constitute the civic memory highlighting the city and the street scene as the events which occurred the civic events. This route is done methodically through Oral History by memories of seventy-year-old people and over who have experienced these moments and have some relationship with the school and the city and also in the management of written sources as local newspapers O Piauhy O Momento DiÃrio Oficial Almanaque da ParnaÃba and the Mensagens Governamentais. The research in the daily practices and the memories to problematize them and finally understand how the invention of civic traditions and their relation to primary education during the Vargas Era (1930-1945) aware that our research found out that this teaching took place in the sense of what was considered modern at this period educating subjects who built the institutions surveyed making them civilized nationalist and lovers of the Fatherland

O trabalho sobre a Congada abordou a cidade e a condição sócio-cultural e espacial das pessoas que fazem a festa. Concentrando-se nos fazeres humanos, decorrentes de práticas sociais que proporcionaram à comunidade conquistas importantes em relação ao direito à cidade, chegamos ao cotidiano e ao modo de vida. Destacamos as formas de organização das pessoas e dos ternos de Congada na cidade, suas estratégias, arranjos, até atingirmos os conteúdos e a substância das manifestações e representações dos negros em Uberlândia - MG. Tratou-se de uma abordagem que foi sendo construída na direção de compreendermos as formas com que os congadeiros haviam estabelecido as condições mínimas para viverem na cidade. Por este caminho consideramos os costumes e as tradições e aos poucos fomos percebendo e analisando as desigualdades e as diferenças sociais. Para poder explicar as realidades dos congadeiros, suas práticas religiosas, políticas e comunitárias, fomos conhecendo as diversas origens sócio-espaciais destas pessoas. Essas realidades são desveladas quando abordamos a sua complexidade, a partir de múltiplas perspectivas. Por exemplo, os congadeiros de Uberlândia têm incluído, em suas manifestações, negociações que se concretizam na ocupação dos espaços públicos da cidade. O trabalho discutiu também as relações mantidas entre o congadeiro e as várias instituições em que o grupo está envolvido. Nesse sentido, consideramos o histórico destas relações e nos deparamos com contradições que potencializam e medeiam embates, disputas e negociações entre grupos sociais e instituições, em relação aos usos do espaço. Desse modo, o estudo da Congada nos permitiu conhecer o modo de vida dos congadeiros, suas estruturas, heranças históricas, idéias, as quais continuam influenciando e transformando a consciência das pessoas e os processos que as redefinem em relação às vizinhanças, aos lugares, às redes sociais e à cidade / This research paper investigates the Congada\'s connection with the city and with the social-cultural background of the people who are participating in this party. The paper focuses on identifying current human practices, which originated from customs and traditions that assisted the community in attaining crucial victories concerning their rights within the city, while also establishing the foundation for the community\'s current way of life. The research paper also highlights the organization of people within this event, the strategies used to execute the event, and the structural division of the party, so as to finally study the contents of the manifestations and demonstrations of the black community in Uberlândia-MG. The sources of information are organized in such a way that it permits the reader to understand the big picture before jumping into the smaller elements that constitute the Congada. First the paper explains how the congadeiros established the minimum conditions to live in the city. Then it describes the customs and traditions used by the congadeiros, while also analyzing the social differences and the inequalities faced by these people. It is necessary to comprehend their origins, in order to understand the daily reality of these people; their religious, political and social practices. The daily reality of these people can be observed from many angles. For example, the congadeiros of Uberlândia have included deals in their manifestations that when realized, allow the community, to occupy specific parts of the city. This paper also discusses the relation kept between the congadeiro and various other institutions that are involved with the group. The study of this relationship reveals the agreements, deals, disputes, arguments, and debates which occur between social groups and institutions regarding the usage of space. By observing the Congada from many different angles, it was possible to profoundly understand the current way of life of the congadeiro, his structures, inheritances, ideas, which continue to influence and transform the consciousness of people and the processes that redefine them in relation to the neighborhoods, to the places, to the social networks and to the city

This study is about the so called Islamic States’ use of Islamic religious traditions in their propaganda magazine Dabiq. The purpose of the study is to find out how ISIS use history as a blueprint to perceive and interpret current events and occurrences. The theories of sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, Capital, and sociopsychologist Hjalmar Sundén’s Role theory is used to analyze how the different religious traditions and stories are used by ISIS and what these represent in the Muslim’s religious frame of perception. The results of this study show that the religious traditions are being used in order to legitimize, justify and establish their so-called Caliphate according to the stories of old. The results also show that not only religious matters are used to emphasize their claim in the Middle East but profane examples as well.

Plato´s Republic is maybe the most widely read philosophical work of all times. It is the earliest surviving, systematic utopia in Europe´s history and continues to inspire people today. But who did Plato want to address with his work and why? In this paper I will discuss these issues. My thesis is that Plato wanted to direct his Republic to people, men and women, who have a good character and love wisdom in order to make them to think radically differently from the traditional norms. If these would-be philosophers could challenge the old-fashioned way of seeing things they could take the lead to establish a just society. I will also discuss critically two alternative approaches from other philosophers.

Girls’ withdrawal from school is posing a major challenge to female literacy in Afghanistan. The aim of this research was to examine the influence of Afghan traditions and cultural norms on girls’ school withdrawal by parents or guardians in Khinjan District of Baghlan Province. To achieve this aim the accounts of 12 mothers with daughters pulled out of school were obtained through semi-structured interviews and analyzed via the theoretical lens of Existentialist Feminism and Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Model. The findings suggest that in order to address the problem of girls’ withdrawal from school in Khinjan, the informal communication networks that reinforce the tendency of parents/guardians, especially male ones, to withdraw the girls from school should be influenced by communication channels in the district. Grounded on Paulo Freire’s concept of dialogue for liberation, it is recommended that credible members in the community should initiate and engage in a transforming dialogue about education of girls, with Khinjanis.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to describe foreign tradition of paper theatre, history and presence of its Czech counterpart and to set this theatrical genre in the context of Czech puppetry. First part is dedicated to the history of the foreign paper theatre, its festivals and current trends. Second part focuses on the history of Czech family theatre and a paper theatre as its element. The last part introduces Czech puppet players and theatre companies who reflect this tradition in their art.

The objective of the thesis is the analysis of business and cultural traditions when doing business in Vietnam or with Vietnamese companies or businessmen. Cultural and business characteristic of the business entities are described in details in the theoretical part. Practical part of thesis analyses the research done by depth interviews with entrepreneurs who have experience in doing business in Vietnam or with Vietnamese business partners.

The present thesis aims to expand and acquire new knowledge on the emergence of portrait mummies during the Roman period in Egypt and their socio-religious status. The emergence and decorative program of these mummies are commonly understood as an artistic expression of Hellenistic Greek and Roman settlers in Egypt. This attestation is often based upon uncontextualized isolated portraits. The study of uncontextualized isolated portraits has also caused an unsatisfactory approach to dating criteria. In response, the present thesis aims to study contextualized portrait mummies – with the image of the deceased still forming part of the mummy and ideally with an attested find spot – in light of a multicultural society consisting of Egyptian, Hellenistic and Roman cultural and religious traditions.  A total of 85 portrait mummies have been collected to provide context for the expressed cultural traditions. Seven group burials have been reconstructed based upon excavation reports for further contextualization. The results of the collected portrait mummies and reconstructed group burials are subsequently studied against a background of Egyptian, Hellenistic and Roman cultural and religious traditions to highlight dominant cultural features. The results of the present thesis illustrate portrait mummies were an expression of a culturally complex society. The treatment of the body and decorative program suggests cultural and religious notions were rooted within Egyptian traditions that were appropriated, re-defined and adapted by a society comprised of Egyptians, Hellenes and Romans. Portrait mummies consequently express multiple cultural layers. Previously established dating criteria were found to remain to be the most valid and reliable. Contextualized portrait mummies, however, have put forward a new dating criterion that ought to be taken into consideration: octagonal framing.

This thesis represents a human history of Tl’chés (Discovery and Chatham Islands) roughly between the mid-19th and mid-20th centuries. It presents Songhees and Settler life on the archipelago, as well as the dispossession of Songhees lands. Detailing processes of colonialism, as well as Songhees resistance to it, this thesis represents a microcosm of colonialism as it unfolded in the lands now called British Columbia. / Graduate

Modern production technologies have fostered mass production and standardization of affordable goods. Luxury and culturally meaningful symbols have become common place and largely devoided of their significance. How is our cultural identity affected by this phenomenon? Yet it survives and transforms itself. Voyage Voyage is a coffee set associated with different cultural identities. The set highlights the dialogue that exists between different cultures. The containers are inspired by blue and white porcelain; a material and technique created in China, imported into Europe, and then reinterpreted and appropriated. The set explores how traditional patterns and decoration lends meaning and social value to objects. It acts as an incentive to start discussion and reflection around globalization and the standardization of our environment. It is an invitation to discover different cultures, their similarities and differences, as well as acknowledge them and reflect on our traditions and their iconic symbols.