This creative project presents guidelines for Rail to Trail Conversion. A preliminary plan for conversion of the CSX running from Richmond County through Delaware County, and ending in Marion County, Indiana, is presented as a case study. The line, which connects several communities and several points of interest along the railroad right-of-way, has been requested for abandonment.To keep the line for interim public use, one of the possibilities is to convert the line to trail use. The trail corridor might create a good linkage between several adjacent places, because it provides various recreational zones along the former railroad right-ofway. There will be two different kinds of trail corridor-urban and rural trail. The distinction between the two will be one of use, urban trails will be used for daily activities and rural trails usually used primarily during weekends, holidays, and vacation time.The development of trail corridor will also encourage movement of people foreither cycling or walking. Campgrounds, wildlife watching stations, scenic overlook areas, trailheads, and outdoor fitness centers are the most common auxiliary components associated with trail development. Wherever the improvement passes through communities, the communities will benefit from the improvement of retailing activities. Each improvement requires certain criteria of location and land surface.Rail to trail conversion is a costly project. In order to make the project easier and economically feasible, the project should encourage more individuals, private organizations, and public agencies to get involved with the conservation. Local newspapers, broadcast on local radio and television, and interest group workshops are the most effective means of developing support. Time is critical in developing succesful rail to trail conversion. The project should be implemented as soon as the railroad has been abandoned, in order to prevent the tracks reverting to adjacent landowners. / Department of Urban Planning

The goal of this project was to design a masterplan for an outdoor discovery trail on the grounds of the Indiana School for the Blind in Indianapolis, Indiana. The 62 acre site has not been developed for outdoor exploration and is virtually inaccessible due to extreme topographical changes in elevation on the site. Based on guidelines and recommendations recently proposed by the USDA Forest Service and the USDA Park Service for accessibility and interpretation, combined with site research by the author, the masterplan was conscientiously developed. The trail integrates the unique historic background of the site with the sites' diverse, natural features to create a handicapped accessible trail that is an educational and recreational experience for the Indiana School for the Blind campus community. / Department of Landscape Architecture

Fault management is a challenging task in all-optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. However, fast fault localization for shared risk link groups (SRLGs) with multiple links is essential for building a fully survival and functional transparent all-optical mesh network. Monitoring trail (m-trail) technology is an effective approach to achieve the goal, whereby a set of m-trails are derived for unambiguous fault localization (UFL). However, an m-trail traverses through a link by utilizing a dedicated wavelength channel (WL), causing a significant amount of resource consumption. In addition, existing m-trail methods incur long and variable alarm dissemination delay. We introduce a novel framework of real-time fault localization in all-optical WDM mesh networks, called the monitoring-burst (m-burst), which aims at initiating a balanced trade-off between consumed monitoring resources and fault localization latency. The m-burst framework has a single monitoring node (MN) and requires one WL in each unidirectional link if the link is traversed by any m-trail. The MN launches short duration optical bursts periodically along each m-trail to probe the links of the m-trail. Bursts along different m-trails are kept non-overlapping through each unidirectional link by scheduling burst launching times from the MN and multiplexing multiple bursts, if any, traversing the link. Thus, the MN can unambiguously localize the failed links by identifying the lost bursts without incurring any alarm dissemination delay. We have proposed several novel m-trail allocation, burst launching time scheduling, and node switch fabric configuration schemes. Numerical results show that the schemes, when deployed in the m-burst framework, are able to localize single-link and multi-link SRLG faults unambiguously, with reasonable fault localization latency, by using at most one WL in each unidirectional link. To reduce the fault localization latency further, we also introduce a novel methodology called nested m-trails. At first, mesh networks are decomposed into cycles and trails. Each cycle (trail) is realized as an independent virtual ring (linear) network using a separate pair of WLs (one WL in each direction) in each undirected link traversed by the cycle (trail). Then, sets of m-trails, i.e., nested m-trails, derived in each virtual network are deployed independently in the m-burst framework for ring (linear) networks. As a result, the fault localization latency is reduced significantly. Moreover, the application of nested m-trails in adaptive probing also reduces the number of sequential probes significantly. Therefore, practical deployment of adaptive probing is now possible. However, the WL consumption of the nested m-trail technique is not limited by one WL per unidirectional link. Thus, further investigation is needed to reduce the WL consumption of the technique.

The purpose of this research study was to improve the nursing care of intravenous catheters by providing evidence on the effects of prolonged duration of intravenous administration set use. Intravenous therapy is a vital part of modern health care. However, its invasive nature can result in infection, with high associated morbidity and mortality. The highest infection rates are displayed in intensive care patients with central venous catheters. The duration of intravenous administration set use may have an impact on infection rates,however the current practice usage and the optimum duration of use is unknown. Previous studies of central venous catheters have reported equal infection rates with 1 to 4 days of administration set use; however few patients have been evaluated with administration sets used beyond this time. Previous research has been limited by the inadequacy of available definitions for Catheter-Related Infection. A prospective, randomised, controlled clinical trial was performed to assess the infection risk of using administration sets for prolonged periods. In the developmental phase prior to the clinical trial; definitions of Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection (CRBSI) were developed; a nursing practice survey was undertaken to establish the current duration of administration set use; and laboratory experiments were executed to assess the impact of prolonged use on administration set physical integrity and performance. Central venous catheters were randomised to have their administration sets used for 4 days (n = 203) or 7 days (n = 201). Percutaneous central venous catheters were enrolled into the study from two adult intensive care units at a metropolitan, tertiary-referral, teaching hospital. Catheters were multiple-lumen, chlorhexidine-gluconate and silver-sulphadiazine coated lines, both inserted and removed in the intensive care unit. Catheters were cultured for microbial colonisation on removal using the Maki roll-plate technique. Patients were assessed for CRBSI using the developed definitions consisting of categories: definite, probable (type I and II), possible and absent. Prior to the clinical trial, a practice survey questionnaire was administered, and laboratory experimentation was performed. Normality of distribution for continuous variables was assessed using the Kolmogorov- Smirnov statistic. The distribution between groups of variables considered risk factors for Catheter-Related Infection were tested to assess for bias using Chi-square and T-test. Logistic regression modelling was performed to analyse the influence of potentially confounding variables. The incidence of catheter colonisation and CRBSI was tested between groups using Kaplan-Meier survival curve with Log-rank test. Paired T-tests were performed to test for difference in programmed and delivered volumes of administration sets. A general linear model (ANOVA)± a Scheffe post hoc test to isolate difference was fitted to the standardised values of delivered volumes to determine the effects of day of measurement and volume delivery rate on the accuracy of volume delivery. There were 10 colonised tips in the intervention group and 19 in the control group. This difference was not statistically significant (Kaplan Meier survival analysis, Log Rank = 0.87, df = 1, p = 0.35). There were 3 cases of CRBSI per group and the difference in survival from CRBSI was not statistically significant (Kaplan Meier with Log Rank test, p = 0.86). The pre-clinical trial phases of the research programme established that current clinical practice was 3 to 7-day use of administration sets; that administration sets were physically intact and delivered clinically accurate volumes after 7 days of use; and developed useful definitions of CRBSI. Prolonged intravenous administration set use of 7 days was found to have no significant impact on patient infection indicators or physical performance of the sets. This finding is congruent with previous research and trends in current clinical practice. In conclusion, the research findings support the use of intravenous administration sets for 7 days.

Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 2000. / Title from title page screen, viewed May 4, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Frederick D. Drake (chair), Lawrence W. McBride, M. Paul Holsinger, L. Moody Simms. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 245-254) and abstract. Also available in print.

Cette thèse propose une étude des constructions Verbe causatif + Nom d’émotion (susciter l’étonnement, déclencher l’enthousiasme, attiser la jalousie) selon la méthodologie établie dans le cadre du projet ANR-DFG Emolex (www.emolex.eu). Ce travail relie de façon étroite les descriptions linguistiques, sur le plan syntaxique et sémantique, de ces constructions et leurs applications en didactique du français langue étrangère (FLE). L’étude poursuit un triple objectif : 1) la sélection des collocations les plus "représentatives" dans le corpus selon le degré d’attirance de leurs éléments constitutifs, établi à l’aide de méthodes lexico-statistiques; 2) l’analyse de leurs propriétés sur le plan syntaxique et sémantiques ; 3) l’application didactique des résultats de l’analyse linguistique dans l'enseignement de ces collocations en FLE, notamment par la confection des cartes mentales. Ces dernières ouvrent des pistes innovantes pour l'enseignement/apprentissage de ces structures linguistiques auprès d’étudiants non-natifs du français (Cavalla et al. 2015). / This thesis proposes a study the linguistic relationships between nominal predicates and causative verbs the names of emotions and causative verbs according to the methodology established in the ANR-DFG Emolex project (www.emolex.eu). This work lies in linking linguistic descriptions of collocations V + N in the cause and didactic transposition of these constructions from the observation of the corpus, which is still little discussed in the didactic of French as a Foreign Language (FLE). We aim to meet three main objectives: 1) to identify the most "representatives" collocations in the corpus according to degree of attraction of their components, based on lexical and statistical methods ; 2) the identification of syntactic-semantic relations between their components; 3) didactic application of the results of linguistic research in a didactic perspective of FLE in particular by making mind maps. Mind maps provide innovative ways for teaching/ learning these language elements to non-native Francophone students (Cavalla et al. 2015).

Ecotourism may be a sustainable alternative for the exploration and conservation of the natural resources in the semi-arid region of Sergipe, affording an actual experience in an ecosystem with unique characteristics to the visitors. Before the increasing flux of touristic visitation to the Canindé do São Francisco region, and, as a consequence, to the Mundo Novo farm trails, this work has tried to calculate the carrying capacity of the five trails on the Mundo Novo farm due to the fact that they have had a small flux of tourists, which allows to make, in advance, its plan of management whose implantation will depend on the venture view of farm owner. The property, which lies in the Canindé do São Francisco municipality, has 673 hectares and has been open to touristic visitation since January 2003. The Veados, Refúgio de Lampião, Alto do Céu, das Craibeiras and Descida do Ferreira trails are visited by tourists from Aracaju and other states. The theoretical reference has been based on issues relating to society and nature, the tourism phenomenon, the ecotourism, the carrying capacity. The methodology adopted to calculate the carrying capacity has been the one by Miguel Cifuentes (1992) which uses three levels of carrying capacity physical, real and effective. As a result, the advisable number of carrying capacity for the Veados trail is 92 visits a day; 40 visits a day for the Refúgio de Lampião trail; 8 visits a day for the Alto do Céu trail; 286 visits a day for the das Craibeiras; and 103 visits a day for the Descida do Ferreira trail. It was also held a survey along with the local population who are directly or indirectly involved with the touristic practice. The result of these surveys showed that the population wishes the touristic practice increase in the region, generating employment and income, despite their lack of knowledge of what exactly means the activity, how it works, and how it is its management. / O ecoturismo pode ser uma alternativa sustentável para exploração e conservação dos recursos naturais no semi-árido sergipano proporcionando aos visitantes uma vivência real em um ecossistema com características únicas. Diante do crescente fluxo de visitação turística à região de Canindé do São Francisco e, por conseqüência, às trilhas da Fazenda Mundo Novo, esse trabalho procurou determinar o cálculo da capacidade de carga das cinco trilhas da Fazenda Mundo Novo pelo fato de receberem pequeno fluxo de turistas, o que possibilita realizar previamente seu plano de manejo cuja implantação vai depender da visão empreendedora e responsável do proprietário da fazenda. A propriedade localiza-se no município de Canindé do São Francisco, possui 673 hectares e está aberta à visitação turística desde janeiro de 2003. As trilhas dos Veados, Refúgio de Lampião, Alto do Céu, das Craibeiras e Descida do Ferreira recebem visitação turística de pessoas oriundas de Aracaju e outros Estados. O referencial teórico foi fundamentado nas questões relacionadas à sociedade e natureza, o fenômeno turismo, o ecoturismo, capacidade de carga. A metodologia adotada para o cálculo de capacidade de carga foi a de Miguel Cifuentes (1992) que adota três níveis para capacidade de carga: Física, Real e Efetiva. Como resultado, chegou-se ao número aconselhável de capacidade de carga para a trilha dos Veados de 92 visitas/dia; para a trilha Refúgio de Lampião, 40 visitas/dia, na trilha Alto do Céu, 8 visitas/dia; a trilha das Craibeiras 286 visitas/dia e a trilha Descida do Ferreira, 103 visitas/dia. Também foi realizada entrevista junto à população envolvida direta ou indiretamente com a prática turística. O resultado das entrevistas mostrou que a população deseja que a região cresça com a prática turística, gerando emprego e renda, apesar de não saberem exatamente o que significa a atividade e como funciona a sua gestão.

Orientador: Edison Duarte / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T18:29:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Custodio_VagnerSergio_D.pdf: 1769528 bytes, checksum: 458a4a445ac3532e10ebb5686b41be55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Este estudo realizou 5 tarefas de caminhadas em trilhas naturais com 16 pessoas com deficiência visual, tendo como hipótese que elas possuem orientação espacial satisfatória para caminharem sozinhas em áreas naturais. Na primeira tarefa, os participantes localizaram os marcos individualmente e estimaram a distância percorrida acumulada. Na segunda, em uma trilha paralela, fizeram o apontamento geográfico (orientação egocêntrica) dos marcos percorridos. A terceira consistiu em uma caminhada de retorno pela mesma trilha, ocasião em que eles apontaram o local dos antigos marcos. Os resultados foram correlacionados com as informações de GPS gravadas, e analisadas por meio do teste "t" student. A primeira tarefa foi submetida, também, ao coeficiente de determinação (R2), e os resultados das cinco tarefas apontaram que a caminhada sem guias é uma atividade viável, pois a estimação de distância percorrida e a localização de pontos de referência são acuradas e estatisticamente não há diferenças significativas nos resultados dos participantes. Dessa forma, essa pesquisa oferece uma opção diferente de caminhada em trilhas, e colabora para futuras adaptações de esportes de aventura para pessoas com deficiência visual. / Abstract: This research accomplished 5 walk tasks in natural trails with 16 people with visual impairment, having as hypothesis that they possess satisfactory space orientation to walk alone in natural areas. In the first task, the participants individually located the landmarks and esteemed the accumulated traveled distances. In the second task, they performed the geographical pointing (egocentric orientation) of the traveled landmarks in a parallel trail. The third task consisted of a return walk on the same trail, where they pointed the place of the old marks. The results were correlated with the information of recorded GPS, and analyzed through the test "t" student. The first task was also submitted to the determination coefficient (R²). The results of the 5 tasks show that the walk without guides is a viable activity, because the estimate of distances traveled and the locations of the point of reference have accuracy and, statistically, there are no significant differences in the participant results. This way, the present research offers a different option for walking in trails, and collaborates for future adaptations of adventure sports for people with visual impairment. / Doutorado / Doutor em Educação Física

Abstract: The thesis examines the phenomenon of theme/holiday trails in Germany. Main goal of the thesis is to focus on sources for the creation and the sustainable development of these trails. The theoretical part discusses basic terms related to the tourism market, destination marketing and destination management. In the following analytical part is analyzed the situation on the German market: the number and category of trails, their management including financing and an attendance monitoring, Czech-German trails and the Romantic trail. The emphasis is also placed on an analysis of a contribution of theme trails to the development of tourism.

The diploma thesis deals with the creation of a geographic information system for the needs of cycling. The Brno Wine Trail is an area of interest. The whole project is implemented on Esri's ArcGIS platform. Data were collected outdoor using the Collector Classic mobile application and the Trimble R1 GNSS handheld receiver. The project was processed in ArcMap 10.4. and subsequently published on ArcGIS Online. The result of the thesis is a free web application. Users can view the course of the trail according to various criteria and points of interest there. Among other things, the thesis includes basic database queries and simple analytical task on the measured data. A file in the *.kmz format is the one of the outputs for the presentation of data.