The aim of this master thesis is to analyse the translation solutions used for the translation of proper names between Danish and Czech in five contemporary translations of Danish fiction. The first part deals with the definition and division of proper names in the Czech linguistic theory and with the analysis of the Translation studies literature, which will serve as the basis for the analysis. The main focus of the following part is the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the individual translation solutions in the analysed texts. The analysed proper names will be divided according to the translation procedures used in their translation. The results of the analysis will be used to draft the tendency in the translation of these names.

Cette recherche doctorale a pour objet la présentation une image profonde de la métaphore dans le discours politique du journalisme et indiquer les caractères généraux de la métaphore dans ce type de discours. Pour cet objectif, nous avons choisis d’examiner des articles extraits d’hebdomadaires français et consacrés aux deux conflits entre les États-Unis et l'Irak. Cette recherche décrit les types et les formes de la métaphore utilisée et analyse leurs fonctions en termes de valorisation ou de dévalorisation de l’adversaire politique. De plus, nous tenterons de répondre à des questions telle que : Dans quelle mesure la métaphore a-t-elle été traduite sans être défigurée ? Bien que le cadre global de notre analyse ait une orientation essentiellement cognitiviste, nous avons également tenu compte des développements plus récents de cette théorie qui analysent la métaphore non seulement dans ses dimensions cognitives, mais aussi dans ses dimensions socioculturelles. D’après ces approches, la métaphore reflète les intérêts, l’origine et les caractéristiques de ses utilisateurs et se constitue souvent dans un instrument de persuasion et de maintien du pouvoir et des relations sociales. Ces idées remontent en fait aux représentants de l’analyse critique du discours selon lesquels le langage à la fois reflète et influence la réalité́ sociale. / This doctoral research aims to present a profound image of metaphor in political discourse and to indicate the general characteristics of metaphor in this type of discourse. For this purpose, we have chosen to examine articles extracted from French weeklies devoted to the two conflicts between the United States and Iraq. This research describes the types and forms of the metaphor used and analyzes their functions in terms of valorization or devaluation of the political opponent. In addition, we will attempt to answer questions such as: To what extent has the metaphor been translated without being disfigured? Although the overall framework of our analysis has an essentially cognitivist orientation, we have also taken account of the more recent developments of this theory which analyze the metaphor not only in its cognitive dimensions but also in its socio-cultural dimensions. According to these approaches, the metaphor reflects the interests, origins and characteristics of its users and often constitutes an instrument of persuasion and maintenance of power and social relations. These ideas in fact go back to the representatives of the critical analysis of discourse, according to which language reflects and influences social reality.

The thesis deals with different aspects of nominal collocations in Italian legislation, respectively in the Italian Civil Code (codice civile). The introductory part focuses on theory and is divided into two areas. The first area covers the most important legal and linguistic issues of the language of law and its lexical means. The description of individual legal texts according to their functional styles is drawn from an analysis of individual functions of law as a complex social phenomenon. The practical part of the thesis focuses on three groups of issues. First, all excerpts were subject to the grammatical, syntactic and conceptual analyses. The second and third chapters deal with an analysis of the main issues from the perspective of translation and lexicography respectively. Special attention is paid to the existence or absence of an identical concept in both the Italian and Czech legal systems, differences in the content and scope of related concepts and potential equivalents.

The orientation of Czechoslovakian foreign policy on Africa, Asia and Latin America took various forms after the World War II. Apart from economic and military cooperation, rising numbers of university scholarships offered to students from developing countries coming to Czechoslovakia are worth our attention. This resulted, together with increasing accent on support of emerging new states, in establishing of The University of 17th November in 1961 - a new university for foreign students. Due to the University, the Czechoslovakian society was for the first time confronted with growing numbers of ethnically and culturally different people. Along with the history of educational institution, this study focuses on the mutual coexistence of foreign students and broader society and on the general reception of the school. Founding of the University was also a Czechoslovak response to a trend developing at the time in some states of the Western European as well as in the Soviet Union where The Patrice Lumumba Friendship University was opened in 1960 in Moscow. The trend was based on a rather optimistic assumption that present-day students later become a part of newly arising elites and occupy important and powerful positions in the decolonized world. The Soviet Union and its satellites (not only...

The thesis analyzes the Czech translation of Korean novel The Vegetarian by Han Kang. First, the relevant theory of translation is presented, then the means of spoken Czech and Korean are analyzed. At the end of the theoretical part of the work, the researcher briefly deals with the issue of speech of characters in literature and mentions the specifics of literary translation with regard to aesthetic and pragmatic effects of the way speech acts were transformed to the target language. The practical part of the thesis consists of a comparative analysis of passages of the source and target text based on Pym's typology of translation solutions. Particular attention will be paid to passages of the characters' speech and the ways in which it was translated from Korean into Czech.

This diploma thesis focuses on the most popular representative of the so-called "polar marseillais", which is Jean-Claude Izzo. The theoretical part briefly describes the development of the detective genre and the place of the detective novel in the framework of French literary production. It also deals with the position of the detective novel in the context of Czech literature and publishing. Secondly, Jean-Claude Izzo and his works will be presented in detail. Based on the information already presented, it will be possible to characterize the place of this author in connection to the French literary scene and to describe his function in the Czech environment. The main part of the work will be devoted to the translatological analysis and the critique of two Czech translations of Izzo's novels Totální chaos and Chourmo that together with Solea belong to his so-called 'Marseilles trilogy'.

Selon Berman, une caractéristique de la grande prose consiste à « capter et condenser tout l’espace polylangagier d’une communauté ». Certains écrivains, comme Twain, Faulkner, Steinbeck et Salinger, ont ainsi puisé dans l’ensemble des ressources de l’anglais, pour recréer des parlers vernaculaires ou des idiolectes dits « non standard ». Cette stratégie stylistique, qui engage l’auteur idéologiquement et politiquement, passe souvent mal l’épreuve de la traduction en français. La traduction de ces « écritures-déviances » pose des problèmes spécifiques tout en étant paradigmatique de la manière dont le traducteur s’inscrit dans le texte traduit : ce type de stylisation discursive offre donc une perspective privilégiée pourétudier l’action du traducteur ainsi que les stratégies qu’il met en oeuvre pour véhiculer, dans le texte traduit, le projet sthético-idéologique de l’original. Notre étude s’ouvre sur l’analyse de la nature sociolinguistique de l’anglais non standard, avant d’examiner son emploi en littérature, afin de comprendre le rapport de « tension et d’intégration » qui lie les sociolectes littéraires à la réalité linguistique dont ils sont issus. Nous explorons ensuite les mécanismesqui orientent le travail du traducteur et son traitement des écritures non standard à travers la tradition théorique et pratique de la traduction littéraire, avant d’analyser un corpus de traductions. En nous appuyant sur l’éclairage théorique de la sociologie bourdieusienne et le système analytique des « tendances déformantes » (Berman), nous analysons les stratégies de« ré-énonciation » (Folkart) adoptées par différents traducteurs et les « effets de lecture » qui en découlent. / For Antoine Berman, a major characteristic of great prose is its ability to “span the whole linguistic range of a community”. Some writers, such as Twain, Faulkner, Steinbeck and Salinger, have thus drawn on all the resources of the English language in order to recreate vernacular discourse and/or nonstandard idiolects. This stylistic strategy, which expresses theauthor’s particular ideological and political attitudes, is often lost when translated into French. Translating these “deviant” forms of writing poses specific problems while being paradigmatic of the way in which the translator is embedded in the translated text : nonstandard discursive patterns therefore provide a privileged viewpoint from which to study the translator’s action as well as the strategies he uses to transfer the original’s ideological and aesthetical dimensions to the translated text. Our study begins with a sociolinguistic analysis of nonstandard English, before examining its use in literature, in order to understand the dual dialectic of “mediation and emulation” that links literary sociolects to linguistic reality. Wethen explore the practical and theoretical tradition of literary translation to understand what factors affect the translator’s work and his/her approach to nonstandard writing. Finally, we analyse a corpus of translations: using Bourdieu’s sociological theory and Berman’s “systems of deformation” analytical system, we examine the “re-enunciation” (Folkart) strategiesadopted by various translators and the potential readings that result.

In the context of current discussions about gender and feminism this works tries to look deeper into the question of gender in translatology where gender in particular takes on the double role - on the one hand the role of grammatical gender in its linguistic form and on the other the role of social gender construction with regards to the person who translates. The aim of this work apart from the theoretical insight in the connected domains is mainly to assemble a concise overview of translations from French written by the Czech female translators in the second half of the 19th century. Additionally, the work also treats the question of Czech emancipation movement and contributes at least with basic biographical information to the knowledge of mentioned female translators. The acquired data for the overview of translations from French were assembled in the form of bibliographical index which reflects both translations published as books and in the periodical press for each of the female translators. The results of this work allow to consider one chapter of Czech history translation from the "female point of view" and at the same time might serve as a basis for further research in this field.